Ti3C2Tx压电复合水凝胶用于感染创面修复研究

doi:10.15541/jim20250180

无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 234-244.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250180 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20250180

Ti₃C₂T_x压电复合水凝胶用于感染创面修复研究

聂晓双¹^,²(), 李丹丹¹, 王芳¹^,², 欧阳丽萍³, 李恒¹(), 邱家军¹()

1.中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 关键陶瓷材料全国重点实验室, 上海 200050
2.中国科学院大学材料科学与光电工程中心, 北京 100049
3.上海交通大学医学机器人研究所同仁医院柔性医疗机器人上海市重点实验室, 上海 200336

收稿日期:2025-04-27 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2025-06-05 网络出版日期:2025-06-05
通讯作者: 李恒, 副研究员. E-mail: liheng@mail.sic.ac.cn;
邱家军, 副研究员. E-mail: qiujiajun@mail.sic.ac.cn
作者简介:聂晓双(2000-), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: niexiaoshuang0908@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2403000);上海市科学技术委员会(24CL2900700);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2023263);横店集团控股有限公司;徐汇区医学重点学科(SHXHZDXK202302)

Ti₃C₂T_x Piezoelectric Composite Hydrogels for Bacterial-infected Skin Wound Healing

NIE Xiaoshuang¹^,²(), LI Dandan¹, WANG Fang¹^,², OUYANG Liping³, LI Heng¹(), QIU Jiajun¹()

1. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
2. Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Flexible Medical Robotics, Tongren Hospital, Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200336, China

Received:2025-04-27 Revised:2025-05-19 Published:2025-06-05 Online:2025-06-05
Contact: LI Heng, associate professor. E-mail: liheng@mail.sic.ac.cn;
QIU Jiajun, associate professor. E-mail: qiujiajun@mail.sic.ac.cn
About author:NIE Xiaoshuang (2000-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: niexiaoshuang0908@163.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2403000);Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(24CL2900700);Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2023263);Hengdian Group Holding Co., Ltd.;Medical Key Subject of Xuhui District(SHXHZDXK202302)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

有效控制细菌感染并促进血管生成是加速感染性创面愈合面临的重要挑战。开发一种兼具抗菌和促进血管生成的多功能水凝胶创面敷料具有重要研究价值。本研究以Ti₃C₂Al为前驱体, 采用选择性化学刻蚀法制备Ti₃C₂T_x MXene纳米片, 并将其与可注射性聚乙烯醇(PVA)/阳离子瓜尔胶(CGG)水凝胶形成动态交联网络, 构建了具有超声响应特性的PVA/CGG/MXene(PCM)复合水凝胶。实验结果表明, CGG分子链中的季铵阳离子基团通过静电相互作用显著增强了PCM水凝胶的抗菌性能, 对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌率分别达到97.34%和95.40%。MXene纳米片赋予水凝胶稳定的导电及压电特性, 在低频超声刺激下, PCM水凝胶可通过压电效应产生电信号, 进而促进细胞增殖、迁移和血管再生。大鼠全层皮肤感染创面模型证实, PCM水凝胶通过抗菌、促进血管生成和胶原沉积, 显著加快了创面愈合过程, 10 d内创面几乎完全愈合。本工作成功开发了一种集超声响应电刺激、抗菌与促进血管再生功能于一体的多功能水凝胶敷料, 为感染创面修复治疗提供了新策略。

关键词: 压电效应, Ti₃C₂T_x, 抗菌, 水凝胶, 创面修复

Abstract:

Effective control of bacterial infection, alongside the simultaneous promotion of angiogenesis, represents a significant challenge for accelerating healing of infected wounds. Development of a multifunctional hydrogel wound dressing with both antibacterial and angiogenesis-promoting functions is of great research value. In this study, Ti₃C₂Al was used as the precursor, and Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets were prepared by selective chemical etching. These nanosheets were then integrated into a dynamic crosslinking network of injectable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/cationic guar gum (CGG) hydrogel to construct a PVA/CGG/MXene (PCM) composite hydrogel with ultrasound response properties. Experimental results showed that the quaternary ammonium cationic group in the CGG molecular chain significantly enhanced antibacterial performance of the PCM hydrogel through electrostatic effect, whose antibacterial rates against S. aureus and E. coli reached 97.34% and 95.40%, respectively. The MXene nanosheets endowed the PCM hydrogel with stable electrical conductivity and piezoelectric properties. Under low-frequency ultrasound stimulation, the PCM hydrogel could generate an electrical signal, which in turn promoted cell proliferation, migration and vascular regeneration. Rat whole-layer skin infection wound model confirmed that PCM hydrogel significantly accelerated the wound healing process by increasing antibacterial, promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition, even almost completely healing within 10 d. This study presents a smart hydrogel dressing that integrates ultrasound-responsive electrical stimulation, antibacterial and angiogenesis-promoting, offering an innovative new therapeutic strategy for repairing infected wounds.

Key words: piezoelectricity, Ti₃C₂T_x, antibacterial, hydrogel, wound healing

中图分类号:

R318

聂晓双, 李丹丹, 王芳, 欧阳丽萍, 李恒, 邱家军. Ti₃C₂T_x压电复合水凝胶用于感染创面修复研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(2): 234-244.

NIE Xiaoshuang, LI Dandan, WANG Fang, OUYANG Liping, LI Heng, QIU Jiajun. Ti₃C₂T_x Piezoelectric Composite Hydrogels for Bacterial-infected Skin Wound Healing[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(2): 234-244.

图/表 19

图1 Ti3C2Tx MXene纳米片的合成和表征

Fig. 1 Synthesis and characterization of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets (a) XRD patterns of MAX and MXene nanosheets; (b) SEM image of MAX; (c) TEM image, (d) XPS spectrum, (e) FT-IR spectrum and (f) particle size of MXene

图2 PCM水凝胶的制备和表征

Fig. 2 Preparation and characterization of PCM composite hydrogel (a) Schematic representation of preparation of the PCM hydrogel; (b) Optical image depicting transition of the PCM hydrogel from sol state to gel state; (c) SEM images of the PC (left) and the PCM (right) hydrogels; (d) Self-healing and (e) injectable properties of the PCM hydrogel; (f-h) Rheological properties of the PCM hydrogel: (f) strain scan, (g) frequency scan, (h) cyclic strain scan, and (i) FT-IR spectra of hydrogels. Colorful figures are available on website

图3 PCM水凝胶的导电性能

Fig. 3 Electrical conductivity of PCM hydrogel (a) PCM hydrogel lit up LED experiment; (b) Conductivity, n=3

图4 PCM水凝胶的压电性能

Fig. 4 Piezoelectric properties of PCM hydrogel (a) Surface topography, phase, frequency, and phase liner plots; (b) Butterfly pressure-amplitude curves and hysteresis loops

图5 PCM水凝胶的超声响应性

Fig. 5 Current signal curves of PCM hydrogel stimulated by ultrasound

图6 水凝胶的抗菌性能

Fig. 6 Antimicrobial properties of the hydrogels (a) Agar plate images; (b, c) Antibacterial rates against (b) S. aureus and (c) E. coli, n=3, **p<0.01, ****p<0.0001; (d) SEM images of S. aureus and E. coli from hydrogels

图7 水凝胶的生物相容性及细胞行为调控

Fig. 7 Biocompatibility and regulation of cellular behaviors of the hydrogels (a) Optical images of the hemolysis experiments; (b) Hemolysis rates of UPW, DPBS, PVA, PC, and PCM hydrogels; (c) Live/dead staining fluorescent images and (d) cell viability of HUVECs from the control, PVA, PC, and PCM groups with or without ultrasound stimulation; (e) Cell migration images of HUVECs from the control, PVA, PC, and PCM groups with or without ultrasound stimulation and (f) corresponding migration rate; (g) Images of tube formation assay at 0 and 24 h from the control, PVA, PC, and PCM groups with or without ultrasound stimulation and corresponding total number of (h) junctions and (i) meshes n=3, **p< 0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Colorful figures are available on website

图8 水凝胶的体内治疗效果评价

Fig. 8 Evaluation of in vivo therapeutic effect of the hydrogels (a) Representative digital photographs of skin wounds on 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d; (b) Schematic diagram of the wounds treated with different groups for 14 d; (c) Agar plate images of E. coli from the control, PC-US, PC+US, PCM-US, and PCM+US groups; (d) Quantitative analysis of the wound healing rates in various groups on 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 d; (e) Antibacterial rates of the control, PC-US, PC+US, PCM-US, and PCM+US groups against E. coli n=3, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Colorful figures are available on website

图9 水凝胶的体内疗效组织学评价

Fig. 9 Histologic evaluation of in vivo efficacy of the hydrogels (a) H&E staining of wound tissues on 7 and 14 d; (b) Epidermal thickness of skin tissues on 7 and 14 d; (c) CD31 staining of wound tissues on 7 d; (d) Area proportion of CD31-positive skin tissue on 7 d; (e) Masson staining of wound tissues on 7 d;(f) Proportion of collagen deposition from skin tissues on 7 d n=3, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. Colorful figures are available on website

表S1 PCx水凝胶中各组分的浓度

Table S1 Volume of each component in PCx hydrogels

Component	PVA/(mg·mL^-1)	CGG/(mg·mL^-1)
PVA	52.5	0
PC1	52.5	10
PC2	52.5	20
PC3	52.5	30
PC4	52.5	40
PC5	52.5	50
PC6	52.5	60

表S2 PCMx水凝胶中各组分的浓度

Table S2 Volume of each component in PCMx hydrogels

Component	PVA/ (mg·mL^-1)	CGG/ (mg·mL^-1)	MXene/ (mg·mL^-1)
PVA	52.5	0	0
PC	52.5	40	0
PCM1	52.5	40	1
PCM2	52.5	40	2
PCM3	52.5	40	3
PCM4	52.5	40	4
PCM5	52.5	40	5

图S1 MXene纳米片的Zeta电位

Fig. S1 Zeta potential of MXene nanosheets

图S2 MXene纳米片的AFM图像

Fig. S2 AFM image of MXene nanosheets

图S3 CGG (a)和PVA (b)的结构式

Fig. S3 Structural formulation of CGG (a) and PVA (b)

图S4 PCMx水凝胶的电导率

Fig. S4 Conductivity of PCMx hydrogels

图S5 PCx水凝胶的抗菌性能测试

Fig. S5 Antibacterial performance testing of PCx hydrogels (a) Agar plate images of S. aureus and E. coli from control, PVA, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, and PC6 groups, respectively, and corresponding antibacterial rates against (b) S. aureus and (c) E. coli

图S6 水凝胶成胶时间对比

Fig. S6 Comparison of gelation time for hydrogels After 30 min of freezing, the PC4 hydrogel (left) has formed a gel, while the PC3 hydrogel (right) is still in a thick, soluble state after 1 h of freezing

图S7 水凝胶的生物安全性

Fig. S7 Biosafety evaluation of experimental samples H&E staining of heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys

图S8 水凝胶的血液安全性

Fig. S8 Blood biosafety evaluation of experimental samples

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Ti₃C₂T_x压电复合水凝胶用于感染创面修复研究

Ti₃C₂T_x Piezoelectric Composite Hydrogels for Bacterial-infected Skin Wound Healing

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