深海服役环境下碳化硅陶瓷材料的腐蚀及磨损行为

doi:10.15541/jim20240536

无机材料学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 799-807.DOI: 10.15541/jim20240536

深海服役环境下碳化硅陶瓷材料的腐蚀及磨损行为

王鲁杰¹(), 张玉新², 李彤阳¹, 于源¹, 任鹏伟¹, 王建章¹, 汤华国¹, 姚秀敏³, 黄毅华³, 刘学建³, 乔竹辉¹^,²^,⁴()

1.中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所, 固体润滑国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
2.烟台先进材料与绿色制造山东省实验室, 烟台 264006
3.中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 关键陶瓷材料全国重点实验室, 上海 200050
4.烟台中科先进材料与绿色化工产业技术研究院, 烟台 264006

收稿日期:2024-12-25 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-07-20 网络出版日期:2025-03-06
通讯作者: 乔竹辉, 研究员. E-mail: zhqiao@licp.cas.cn
作者简介:王鲁杰(1990-), 男, 副研究员. E-mail: ljwang@licp.cas.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3706204);关键陶瓷材料重点实验室开放课题(SKL202405SIC);山东省基金项目(ZR2021JQ20);甘肃省青年科学基金(23JRRA598)

Corrosion and Wear Behavior of Silicon Carbide Ceramic in Deep-sea Service Environment

WANG Lujie¹(), ZHANG Yuxin², LI Tongyang¹, YU Yuan¹, REN Pengwei¹, WANG Jianzhang¹, TANG Huaguo¹, YAO Xiumin³, HUANG Yihua³, LIU Xuejian³, QIAO Zhuhui¹^,²^,⁴()

1. State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
2. Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China
3. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
4. Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China

Received:2024-12-25 Revised:2025-02-20 Published:2025-07-20 Online:2025-03-06
Contact: QIAO Zhuhui, professor. E-mail: zhqiao@licp.cas.cn
About author:WANG Lujie (1990-), male, associate professor. E-mail: ljwang@licp.cas.cn
Supported by:
National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2022YFB3706204);Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures(SKL202405SIC);Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021JQ20);Youth Science Foundations of Gansu Province(23JRRA598)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深水轴系密封材料是制约深水装置发展水平的关键核心技术。碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷材料因其高模量、高热导率、低密度、耐腐蚀等特点成为新一代深海密封材料。深海环境下巨大的海水压力导致材料的腐蚀和磨损过程与常压相比差异较大, 而关于深海环境下SiC陶瓷材料的腐蚀磨损过程研究尚未有相关报道。本研究通过改变人工海水静压力的方式模拟0~5 km深海环境, 原位分析表征深海环境下SiC陶瓷材料的腐蚀和磨损行为, 探索深海静压力对SiC陶瓷腐蚀和磨损的影响规律。SiC陶瓷材料在0~5 km深海环境中表现出十分优异的耐腐蚀行为, 200 h浸泡后材料表面没有发生明显的腐蚀、氧化或海水盐类侵蚀行为, 也未发生质量损失。随着海水深度增加, SiC与水之间的化学反应减弱, 这进一步增强了其耐腐蚀性能。SiC陶瓷材料经过海水腐蚀后力学性能保持稳定, 在5 km海深腐蚀200 h后弯曲强度仅有不足5%的轻微下降, 而维氏硬度和断裂韧性均保持不变。在海水润滑条件下, SiC陶瓷材料具有十分优异的耐磨损性能, 磨损率为2×10^-8~4×10^-8 mm³/(N·m), 远低于与其配副的氮化硅(Si₃N₄)陶瓷材料(4×10^-5~1×10^-4 mm³/(N·m))。值得一提的是, 随着海水深度增加, SiC陶瓷耐水腐蚀能力增强, 同时水的润滑承载作用增大, 导致SiC陶瓷磨损率随海深增加呈现下降趋势。综上, SiC陶瓷材料在深海密封方面展现出强大的应用潜力。

关键词: 碳化硅, 深海, 腐蚀, 磨损

Abstract:

Deepwater shaft sealing materials are one of the critical core technologies limiting the advancement of deepwater equipment. Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics, due to their outstanding high modulus, high thermal conductivity, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance, have become an ideal choice for next-generation deep-sea sealing materials. The immense seawater pressure in deep-sea environments causes significant differences in corrosion and wear processes compared to conventional atmospheric pressure conditions. However, research on the corrosion and wear behavior of SiC ceramics in deep-sea environments remains relatively insufficient. In this study, the static pressure of artificial seawater was adjusted to simulate deep-sea conditions at depths ranging from 0 to 5 km. In-situ characterization of the materials’ performance in deep-sea environments was conducted, and the influence of static pressure on their corrosion and wear properties was explored. The results indicated that SiC ceramics exhibited outstanding corrosion resistance in deep-sea environments at depths between 0 and 5 km. After immersion for 200 h, no significant corrosion, oxidation, or seawater salt-related erosion was observed on the material’s surface, and no mass loss occurred. As seawater depth increased, the chemical reaction between SiC and water gradually weakened, further enhancing the corrosion resistance of SiC ceramics. After seawater corrosion, the mechanical properties of SiC ceramics remained stable. Flexural strength of the material decreased by less than 5% after 200 h-corrosion in a 5 km deep-sea environment, and Vickers hardness or fracture toughness changed little. Under seawater lubrication conditions, SiC ceramics exhibited excellent wear resistance, with a wear rate of 2×10^-8-4×10^-8 mm³/(N·m), much lower than that of the paired silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramic material (4×10^-5-1×10^-4 mm³/(N·m)). Notably, as seawater depth increased, both the material’s resistance to water corrosion and the lubricating load-bearing capacity of seawater were significantly enhanced, leading to a decrease in wear rate with increasing depth. In conclusion, SiC ceramics demonstrate significant potential for application in deep-sea sealing technologies.

Key words: silicon carbide, deep sea, corrosion, wear

中图分类号:

TQ174

王鲁杰, 张玉新, 李彤阳, 于源, 任鹏伟, 王建章, 汤华国, 姚秀敏, 黄毅华, 刘学建, 乔竹辉. 深海服役环境下碳化硅陶瓷材料的腐蚀及磨损行为[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(7): 799-807.

WANG Lujie, ZHANG Yuxin, LI Tongyang, YU Yuan, REN Pengwei, WANG Jianzhang, TANG Huaguo, YAO Xiumin, HUANG Yihua, LIU Xuejian, QIAO Zhuhui. Corrosion and Wear Behavior of Silicon Carbide Ceramic in Deep-sea Service Environment[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(7): 799-807.

图/表 10

表1 人工海水成分

Table 1 Artificial seawater composition

Composition	Mass concentration/(g·L^-1)
NaCl	24.53
MgCl₂	5.20
Na₂SO₄	4.09
CaCl₂	1.16
KCl	0.695
NaHCO₃	0.201
KBr	0.101
H₃BO₃	0.027
SrCl₂	0.025
NaF	0.003

图1 深海磨损测试平台示意图(a)、实物图(b)及腐蚀磨损后的样品照片(c)

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram (a) and photo (b) of the deep-sea wear test platform; (c) Photo of sample after corrosion and wear

图2 SiC样品和Si3N4摩擦副的XRD图谱

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of SiC sample and Si3N4 friction pair

图3 SiC陶瓷材料在不同海深条件下腐蚀前后的表面SEM照片(a~f)和EDS分析(a1~f5)

Fig. 3 SEM images (a-f) and EDS analyses (a1-f5) of the surface of SiC ceramic before and after corrosion in seawater at different depths (a, a1-a5) Before corrosion; (b, b1-b5) 0 km; (c, c1-c5) 1 km; (d, d1- d5) 2 km; (e, e1-e5) 3 km; (f, f1-f5) 5 km

图4 (a, c) 0、(b, d) 5 km海深环境下腐蚀后的SiC陶瓷材料表面的XPS图谱

Fig. 4 XPS spectra of the surface of SiC ceramic after corrosion in seawater at (a, c) 0 and (b, d) 5 km deep sea environments

图5 SiC陶瓷在不同海深条件下腐蚀前后的质量(a)、维氏硬度(b)、弯曲强度(c)及断裂韧性(d)

Fig. 5 Weight (a), Vickers hardness (b), flexural strength (c), and fracture toughness (d) of SiC ceramics before and after corrosion in seawater at different depths

图6 SiC陶瓷在不同海深环境下的磨损形貌(a~d)和对应的EDS分析(a1~d5)

Fig. 6 Wear morphologies (a-d) and corresponding EDS analyses (a1-d5) of SiC ceramics in different deep-sea environments (a, a1-a5) 0 km; (b, b1-b5) 1 km; (c, c1-c5) 2 km; (d, d1-d5) 3 km

图7 不同海深环境下SiC陶瓷表面磨损区域的三维形貌

Fig. 7 3D wear morphologies of SiC ceramic surface in different deep-sea environments (a) 0 km; (b) 1 km; (c) 2 km; (d) 3 km. Colorful figures are available on website

图8 不同海深环境下Si3N4摩擦副的摩擦形貌

Fig. 8 Friction morphologies of Si3N4 friction pairs in different deep-sea environments (a) 0 km; (b) 1 km; (c) 2 km; (d) 3 km; Insets: diameters of wear traces of Si3N4 friction pairs

图9 不同海深条件下SiC陶瓷(a)和Si3N4摩擦副(b)的磨损率

Fig. 9 Wear rates of SiC ceramics (a) and Si3N4 friction pairs (b) at different sea depths

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深海服役环境下碳化硅陶瓷材料的腐蚀及磨损行为

Corrosion and Wear Behavior of Silicon Carbide Ceramic in Deep-sea Service Environment

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