无机材料学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 991-1000.DOI: 10.15541/jim20210638 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20210638
王红宁1(), 黄丽1, 清江3, 马腾洲3(
), 黄维秋2, 陈若愚1(
)
收稿日期:
2021-10-18
修回日期:
2022-02-18
出版日期:
2022-09-20
网络出版日期:
2022-03-15
通讯作者:
陈若愚, 教授. E-mail: chry@cczu.edu.cn;作者简介:
王红宁(1980-), 女, 博士研究生. E-mail: 444873772@qq.com
基金资助:
WANG Hongning1(), HUANG Li1, QING Jiang3, MA Tengzhou3(
), HUANG Weiqiu2, CHEN Ruoyu1(
)
Received:
2021-10-18
Revised:
2022-02-18
Published:
2022-09-20
Online:
2022-03-15
Contact:
CHEN Ruoyu, professor. E-mail: chry@cczu.edu.cn;About author:
WANG Hongning (1980-), female, PhD candidate. E-mail: 444873772@qq.com
Supported by:
摘要:
介孔有机-无机复合氧化硅空心球(MOSs)在碱性条件下以反向胶束为模板经过正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和1,2-双(三乙氧基甲硅烷基)乙烷(BTSE)共缩合被成功合成, 并通过不同手段对样品的结构和性能进行表征。MOSs用于去除挥发性有机物(VOCs), 研究其对水蒸气、正己烷、甲苯和92#汽油的静态吸附性能, 并以商业硅胶(SG)和活性炭(AC)为参考。实验结果发现, 初始BTSE/(BTSE+TEOS) 摩尔比为10%时, (MOS-10%)的样品具有均匀的中空介观结构和最大的VOCs吸附容量(1.28 g·g-1正己烷, 1.25 g·g-1甲苯和1.14 g·g-1 92#汽油), 静态水蒸气吸附量最小(0.630 g·g-1)。通过穿透曲线评估单一组分VOC(正己烷或甲苯)在MOS-10%上的动态吸附行为, 动态正己烷和甲苯吸附结果以及高湿度条件下的正己烷吸附性能表明, 与商业吸附剂相比, MOS-10%具有最佳的穿透时间、吸附能力和疏水性。对于二元组分同时吸附(正己烷和甲苯), MOS-10%的正己烷吸附性能优于甲苯。介孔有机-无机复合氧化硅空心球的动态VOCs吸附容量较大归因于有机基团、表面积和孔体积的共同作用。MOSs的VOCs去除能力强和可回收性优良, 显示出巨大的VOCs捕获潜力。
中图分类号:
王红宁, 黄丽, 清江, 马腾洲, 黄维秋, 陈若愚. 有机-无机氧化硅空心球的合成及VOCs吸附应用[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(9): 991-1000.
WANG Hongning, HUANG Li, QING Jiang, MA Tengzhou, HUANG Weiqiu, CHEN Ruoyu. Mesoporous Organic-inorganic Hybrid Siliceous Hollow Spheres: Synthesis and VOCs Adsorption[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(9): 991-1000.
图1 不同有机硅源量MOSs的TEM照片
Fig. 1 TEM images of MOSs with different initial BTSE/ (BTSE+TEOS) molar ratios (a) MOS-0; (b) MOS-5%; (c) MOS-7.5%; (d) MOS-10%; (e) MOS-12.5%; (f) MOS-15%
图2 不同样品的N2吸附脱附等温线(a)和孔径分布图(b)
Fig. 2 N2 sorption isotherms (a) and pore size distributions (b) of MOSs with different initial BTSE/(BTSE+TEOS) molar ratios (A) MOS-0; (B) MOS-5%; (C) MOS-7.5%; (D) MOS-10%; (E)MOS-12.5%; (F) MOS-15%. In (a), the Y-axis values of (B-F) are 300, 600, 800, 1000, and 1300 m2·g-1, respectively. In (b), the Y-axis values of (B-F) are 0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 cm3·g-1, respectively
Sample | SBET/ (m2·g-1) | Sm/ (m2·g-1) | Vt/ (cm3·g-1) | Vm/ (cm3·g-1) | Pore size/ nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOS-0 | 591 | 0 | 0.721 | 0 | 2.5 |
MOS-5% | 612 | 0 | 0.722 | 0 | 2.7 |
MOS-7.5% | 612 | 0 | 0.776 | 0 | 2.8 |
MOS-10% | 696 | 0 | 0.887 | 0 | 2.6 |
MOS-12.5% | 655 | 0 | 0.873 | 0 | 2.7 |
MOS-15% | 648 | 0 | 0.857 | 0 | 2.7 |
表1 不同有机硅源量MOSs样品的结构参数
Table 1 Structural parameters of MOSs with different initial BTSE/(BTSE+TEOS) molar ratios
Sample | SBET/ (m2·g-1) | Sm/ (m2·g-1) | Vt/ (cm3·g-1) | Vm/ (cm3·g-1) | Pore size/ nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOS-0 | 591 | 0 | 0.721 | 0 | 2.5 |
MOS-5% | 612 | 0 | 0.722 | 0 | 2.7 |
MOS-7.5% | 612 | 0 | 0.776 | 0 | 2.8 |
MOS-10% | 696 | 0 | 0.887 | 0 | 2.6 |
MOS-12.5% | 655 | 0 | 0.873 | 0 | 2.7 |
MOS-15% | 648 | 0 | 0.857 | 0 | 2.7 |
图3 不同有机硅源量MOSs的红外光谱图
Fig. 3 FT-IR spectra of MOSs with different initial BTSE/ (BTSE+TEOS) molar ratios (A) MOS-0; (B) MOS-5%; (C) MOS-7.5%; (D) MOS-10%; (E) MOS- 12.5%; (F) MOS-15%; (G) CTAB
图4 不同有机硅源量MOSs的XRD图谱
Fig. 4 XRD patterns of MOSs with different initial BTSE/ (BTSE+TEOS) molar ratios (A) MOS-0; (B) MOS-5%; (C) MOS-7.5%; (D) MOS-10%; (E) MOS- 12.5%; (F) MOS-15%
图5 不同有机硅源量MOSs的热重曲线
Fig. 5 TGA curves of MOSs with different initial BTSE/ (BTSE+TEOS) molar ratios (A) MOS-0; (B) MOS-5%; (C) MOS-7.5%; (D) MOS-10%; (E) MOS- 12.5%; (F) MOS-15%;
图6 不同样品对正己烷、甲苯和汽油的静态吸附容量(a, c, e)和解吸效率(b, d, f)
Fig. 6 Histograms of static VOCs (n-hexane, toluene and 92# gasoline) adsorption capacities (a, c, e) and desorption efficiencies (b, d, f) of different samples (A) MOS-0; (B) MOS-5%; (C) MOS-7.5%; (D) MOS-10%; (E) MOS-12.5%; (F) MOS-15%; (G) SG; (H) AC
图6 不同样品对正己烷、甲苯和汽油的静态吸附容量(a, c, e)和解吸效率(b, d, f)
Fig. 6 Histograms of static VOCs (n-hexane, toluene and 92# gasoline) adsorption capacities (a, c, e) and desorption efficiencies (b, d, f) of different samples (A) MOS-0; (B) MOS-5%; (C) MOS-7.5%; (D) MOS-10%; (E) MOS-12.5%; (F) MOS-15%; (G) SG; (H) AC
图8 SG(■), AC(●)和MOS-10%(▲)的正己烷穿透曲线(第一次(a), 第五次(b)), 五次的平衡吸附容量的比较(c)和五次解吸效率的比较(d)
Fig. 8 Breakthrough curves for n-hexane of SG (■), AC (●) and MOS-10% (▲) under dry condition for the (a) first time and (b) fifth time and comparison of the qe (c) and desorption efficiency (d) of 5 times
图10 MOS-10%五次干燥条件下正己烷(a)和甲苯(b)动态吸附的Yoon and Nelson模拟
Fig. 10 Yoon and Nelson model fitting for 5 times adsorption of n-hexane (a) and toluene (b) on MOS-10% under dry condition Colorful figures are available on website
图12 干燥条件下MOS-10%上正己烷与甲苯五次动态同时吸附的穿透曲线正己烷(a)和甲苯(b), 以及五次平衡吸附容量的比较(c)和五次解吸效率的比较(d)
Fig. 12 Simultaneous breakthrough adsorption n-hexane (a) and toluene (b) on MOS-10% under dry condition, comparison of the equilibrium adsorption capacities (c) and desorption efficiency (d) for 5 times, respectively
Sample | SBET/(m2 ·g-1) | Sm/(m2 ·g-1) | Vt/(cm3 ·g-1) | Vm/(cm3 ·g-1) | Pore size/nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AC | 1451 | 973 | 1.03 | 0.48 | 5.6 |
SG | 430 | 15 | 0.710 | 0.010 | 6.9 |
表S1 商业化AC、SG的结构参数
Table S1 Structural parameters of AC and SG
Sample | SBET/(m2 ·g-1) | Sm/(m2 ·g-1) | Vt/(cm3 ·g-1) | Vm/(cm3 ·g-1) | Pore size/nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AC | 1451 | 973 | 1.03 | 0.48 | 5.6 |
SG | 430 | 15 | 0.710 | 0.010 | 6.9 |
Sample | First event | Second event | Residual mass /% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Tons-Tf )/℃ | Δm/% | (Tons-Tf )/℃ | Δm/% | ||
MOS-0 | 30-200 | 1.7 | 200-900 | 8.1 | 90.2 |
MOS-5% | 30-200 | 1.7 | 200-900 | 7.6 | 90.7 |
MOS-7.5% | 30-200 | 1.9 | 200-900 | 12.6 | 85.5 |
MOS-10% | 30-200 | 5.3 | 200-900 | 20.1 | 74.6 |
MOS-12.5% | 30-200 | 1.5 | 200-900 | 7.9 | 90.6 |
MOS-15% | 30-200 | 1.4 | 200-900 | 9.0 | 89.6 |
表S2 不同有机硅源量MOSs在30~900 ℃, 氮气气氛(10 ℃/min)下获得的热重结果
Table S2 TGA results of different MOSs under nitrogen atmosphere in the range of 30-900 ℃ (10 ℃/min)
Sample | First event | Second event | Residual mass /% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Tons-Tf )/℃ | Δm/% | (Tons-Tf )/℃ | Δm/% | ||
MOS-0 | 30-200 | 1.7 | 200-900 | 8.1 | 90.2 |
MOS-5% | 30-200 | 1.7 | 200-900 | 7.6 | 90.7 |
MOS-7.5% | 30-200 | 1.9 | 200-900 | 12.6 | 85.5 |
MOS-10% | 30-200 | 5.3 | 200-900 | 20.1 | 74.6 |
MOS-12.5% | 30-200 | 1.5 | 200-900 | 7.9 | 90.6 |
MOS-15% | 30-200 | 1.4 | 200-900 | 9.0 | 89.6 |
Sample | Adsorption | Desorption | -OH/(×1020, g-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average/(g·g-1) | STDEa/% | Average/% | STDEa/% | ||
MOS-0% | 0.903 | 0.0168 | 99.4 | 0.205 | 3.11 |
MOS-5% | 0.667 | 0.0177 | 99.3 | 0.329 | 2.35 |
MOS-7.5% | 0.656 | 0.0165 | 99.4 | 0.283 | 2.31 |
MOS-10% | 0.630 | 0.0137 | 99.4 | 0.134 | 2.23 |
MOS-12.5% | 0.697 | 0.0156 | 99.4 | 0.230 | 2.44 |
MOS-15% | 0.697 | 0.0136 | 99.4 | 0.365 | 2.45 |
SG | 0.433 | 0.0984 | 97.7 | 0.867 | 1.72 |
AC | 0.482 | 0.0305 | 93.5 | 11.1 | 1.77 |
表S3 不同样品的水蒸气吸附容量、解吸百分率和表面羟基含量
Table S3 Water vapor adsorption capacities, desorption efficiencies and the densities of surface hydroxyl groups of different samples
Sample | Adsorption | Desorption | -OH/(×1020, g-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average/(g·g-1) | STDEa/% | Average/% | STDEa/% | ||
MOS-0% | 0.903 | 0.0168 | 99.4 | 0.205 | 3.11 |
MOS-5% | 0.667 | 0.0177 | 99.3 | 0.329 | 2.35 |
MOS-7.5% | 0.656 | 0.0165 | 99.4 | 0.283 | 2.31 |
MOS-10% | 0.630 | 0.0137 | 99.4 | 0.134 | 2.23 |
MOS-12.5% | 0.697 | 0.0156 | 99.4 | 0.230 | 2.44 |
MOS-15% | 0.697 | 0.0136 | 99.4 | 0.365 | 2.45 |
SG | 0.433 | 0.0984 | 97.7 | 0.867 | 1.72 |
AC | 0.482 | 0.0305 | 93.5 | 11.1 | 1.77 |
Sample | tb/min | te/min | qe/(g·g-1) | Desorption efficiency/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
MOS-10%-1st | 50 | 104 | 1.23 | 99.8 |
MOS-10%-2nd | 48 | 102 | 1.20 | 99.5 |
MOS-10%-3rd | 46 | 100 | 1.19 | 99.4 |
MOS-10%-4th | 48 | 102 | 1.22 | 99.6 |
MOS-10%-5th | 48 | 102 | 1.21 | 99.2 |
SG-1st | 16 | 72 | 0.361 | 98.9 |
SG-2nd | 14 | 70 | 0.321 | 97.5 |
SG-3rd | 14 | 70 | 0.334 | 98.7 |
SG-4th | 12 | 72 | 0.321 | 98.6 |
SG-5th | 10 | 72 | 0.343 | 97.6 |
AC-1st | 38 | 50 | 0.574 | 73.7 |
AC-2nd | 28 | 44 | 0.465 | 83.6 |
AC-3rd | 28 | 42 | 0.461 | 90.9 |
AC-4th | 26 | 44 | 0.452 | 98.6 |
AC-5th | 24 | 42 | 0.458 | 97.2 |
表S4 干燥条件下, 不同样品对正己烷吸附的五次动态吸附参数比较
Table S4 Comparison of dynamic n-hexane adsorption parameters on different samples for 5 times under dry condition
Sample | tb/min | te/min | qe/(g·g-1) | Desorption efficiency/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
MOS-10%-1st | 50 | 104 | 1.23 | 99.8 |
MOS-10%-2nd | 48 | 102 | 1.20 | 99.5 |
MOS-10%-3rd | 46 | 100 | 1.19 | 99.4 |
MOS-10%-4th | 48 | 102 | 1.22 | 99.6 |
MOS-10%-5th | 48 | 102 | 1.21 | 99.2 |
SG-1st | 16 | 72 | 0.361 | 98.9 |
SG-2nd | 14 | 70 | 0.321 | 97.5 |
SG-3rd | 14 | 70 | 0.334 | 98.7 |
SG-4th | 12 | 72 | 0.321 | 98.6 |
SG-5th | 10 | 72 | 0.343 | 97.6 |
AC-1st | 38 | 50 | 0.574 | 73.7 |
AC-2nd | 28 | 44 | 0.465 | 83.6 |
AC-3rd | 28 | 42 | 0.461 | 90.9 |
AC-4th | 26 | 44 | 0.452 | 98.6 |
AC-5th | 24 | 42 | 0.458 | 97.2 |
tb/min | te/min | qe/(g·g-1) | Desorption efficiency/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 48 | 100 | 1.21 | 99.7 |
2nd | 46 | 98 | 1.18 | 99.5 |
3rd | 44 | 96 | 1.17 | 99.3 |
4th | 46 | 98 | 1.18 | 99.4 |
5th | 46 | 98 | 1.18 | 99.1 |
表S5 干燥条件下, MOS-10%的五次甲苯动态吸附参数比较
Table S5 Comparison of dynamic toluene adsorption parameters on MOS-10% for 5 times under dry condition
tb/min | te/min | qe/(g·g-1) | Desorption efficiency/% | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 48 | 100 | 1.21 | 99.7 |
2nd | 46 | 98 | 1.18 | 99.5 |
3rd | 44 | 96 | 1.17 | 99.3 |
4th | 46 | 98 | 1.18 | 99.4 |
5th | 46 | 98 | 1.18 | 99.1 |
Sample | SBET/(m2·g-1) | Sm/(m2·g-1) | Vt/(cm3·g-1) | Vm/(cm3·g-1) | Pore size/nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOS-10% | 696 | 0 | 0.887 | 0 | 2.64 |
MOS-10%-5th | 638 | 0 | 0.830 | 0 | 2.64 |
AC | 1654 | 652 | 1.06 | 0.48 | 5.58 |
AC-5th | 1310 | 395 | 0.880 | 0.38 | 5.51 |
表S6 在干燥条件下MOS-10%和AC吸附前和五次动态吸附正己烷后的孔结构参数
Table S6 Structural parameters of MOS-10% and AC before and after 5 times dynamic n-hexane adsorption under dry condition
Sample | SBET/(m2·g-1) | Sm/(m2·g-1) | Vt/(cm3·g-1) | Vm/(cm3·g-1) | Pore size/nm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOS-10% | 696 | 0 | 0.887 | 0 | 2.64 |
MOS-10%-5th | 638 | 0 | 0.830 | 0 | 2.64 |
AC | 1654 | 652 | 1.06 | 0.48 | 5.58 |
AC-5th | 1310 | 395 | 0.880 | 0.38 | 5.51 |
n-hexane | Toluene | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
τ0/min | K׳/min-1 | R2 | τ0/min | K׳/min-1 | R2 | |
1st | 63.1 | 0.150 | 0.984 | 58.4 | 0.0948 | 0.979 |
2nd | 61.3 | 0.172 | 0.990 | 52.8 | 0.105 | 0.977 |
3rd | 56.7 | 0.174 | 0.979 | 51.5 | 0.114 | 0.987 |
4th | 57.1 | 0.169 | 0.986 | 54.1 | 0.111 | 0.978 |
5th | 58.9 | 0.165 | 0.984 | 54.2 | 0.110 | 0.982 |
表S7 MOS-10%s在干燥条件下, 五次单组份正己烷和甲苯动态吸附的拟合参数
Table S7 Simulation parameters of 5 times dynamic n-hexane and toluene adsorption on MOS-10% under dry condition
n-hexane | Toluene | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
τ0/min | K׳/min-1 | R2 | τ0/min | K׳/min-1 | R2 | |
1st | 63.1 | 0.150 | 0.984 | 58.4 | 0.0948 | 0.979 |
2nd | 61.3 | 0.172 | 0.990 | 52.8 | 0.105 | 0.977 |
3rd | 56.7 | 0.174 | 0.979 | 51.5 | 0.114 | 0.987 |
4th | 57.1 | 0.169 | 0.986 | 54.1 | 0.111 | 0.978 |
5th | 58.9 | 0.165 | 0.984 | 54.2 | 0.110 | 0.982 |
tb/min | te/min | qe,hexane /g·g-1 | qe,t /g·g-1 adsorbent | qe,water /g·g-1 adsorbent | qe,hexane/ qe,water | Desorption efficiency /% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 46 | 100 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 0.006 | 205 | 99.6 |
2nd | 44 | 98 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 0.003 | 400 | 99.7 |
3rd | 42 | 96 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 0.006 | 199 | 99.6 |
4th | 42 | 96 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 0.003 | 404 | 99.4 |
5th | 44 | 98 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 0.008 | 147 | 99.2 |
表S8 在RH 95%的条件下MOS-10%五次正己烷动态吸附参数
Table S8 Dynamic n-hexane adsorption parameters on MOS-10% for 5 times under 95% RH
tb/min | te/min | qe,hexane /g·g-1 | qe,t /g·g-1 adsorbent | qe,water /g·g-1 adsorbent | qe,hexane/ qe,water | Desorption efficiency /% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 46 | 100 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 0.006 | 205 | 99.6 |
2nd | 44 | 98 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 0.003 | 400 | 99.7 |
3rd | 42 | 96 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 0.006 | 199 | 99.6 |
4th | 42 | 96 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 0.003 | 404 | 99.4 |
5th | 44 | 98 | 1.17 | 1.20 | 0.008 | 147 | 99.2 |
Dynamic adsorption capacity, qe /(g·g-1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single component | Bi-component | ||||
n-hexane | Toluene | n-hexane | Toluene | Total VOCs | |
1st | 1.23 | 1.21 | 0.642 | 0.569 | 1.21 |
2nd | 1.20 | 1.18 | 0.631 | 0.547 | 1.18 |
3rd | 1.19 | 1.17 | 0.613 | 0.532 | 1.15 |
4th | 1.22 | 1.18 | 0.607 | 0.550 | 1.16 |
5th | 1.21 | 1.18 | 0.628 | 0.547 | 1.18 |
表S9 干燥条件下MOS-10%样品正己烷-甲苯五次动态同时吸附参数
Table S9 Comparison of simultaneous adsorption n-hexane and toluene parameters on MOS-10% for 5 times under dry condition
Dynamic adsorption capacity, qe /(g·g-1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single component | Bi-component | ||||
n-hexane | Toluene | n-hexane | Toluene | Total VOCs | |
1st | 1.23 | 1.21 | 0.642 | 0.569 | 1.21 |
2nd | 1.20 | 1.18 | 0.631 | 0.547 | 1.18 |
3rd | 1.19 | 1.17 | 0.613 | 0.532 | 1.15 |
4th | 1.22 | 1.18 | 0.607 | 0.550 | 1.16 |
5th | 1.21 | 1.18 | 0.628 | 0.547 | 1.18 |
图S2 不同样品的正己烷、甲苯、汽油静态吸附容量与其结构参数的关系图
Fig. S2 Relationship between VOCs adsorption capacities and structure parameters of different samples (A) MOS-0; (B) MOS-5%; (C) MOS-7.5%; (D) MOS-10%; (E) MOS- 12.5%; (F) MOS-15%; (G) SG; (H) AC
图S3 MOS-10%和AC以及五次动态吸附正己烷后MOS-10%和AC的N2吸附-解吸等温线(a)和孔径分布图(b)
Fig. S3 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (a) and pore size distributions (b) of MOS-10% and AC, respectively
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