低温快速制备具有雷达/红外双模传输特性的莫来石陶瓷

doi:10.15541/jim20250489

无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 955-964.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250489

低温快速制备具有雷达/红外双模传输特性的莫来石陶瓷

崔楷敏(), 李端(), 曾雷, 彭江山, 王衍飞, 刘荣军

国防科技大学空天科学学院, 新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室, 长沙 410073

收稿日期:2025-12-10 修回日期:2026-01-08 出版日期:2026-01-21 网络出版日期:2026-01-21
通讯作者: 李端, 副研究员. E-mail: duan_li_2016@163.com
作者简介:崔楷敏(2000-), 女, 硕士研究生. E-mail: 1850712227@qq.com
基金资助:
重点实验室基金(6142907240101);国家自然科学基金(52172078);重点实验室基金(6142907240101)

Rapid and Low-temperature Fabrication of Mullite Ceramics with Dual-mode Radar/Infrared Transmission Characteristics

CUI Kaimin(), LI Duan(), ZENG Lei, PENG Jiangshan, WANG Yanfei, LIU Rongjun

Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Received:2025-12-10 Revised:2026-01-08 Published:2026-01-21 Online:2026-01-21
Contact: LI Duan, associate professor. E-mail: duan_li_2016@163.com
About author:CUI Kaimin (2000-), female, Master candidate. E-mail: 1850712227@qq.com
Supported by:
Key Laboratory Fund(6142907240101);Key Laboratory Fund(52172078);Key Laboratory Fund(6142907240101)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高速飞行器技术的快速发展, 对极端环境下兼具雷达透波与红外传输功能的材料提出迫切需求。莫来石陶瓷因具有优异的高温力学性能、介电性能及一定的红外透明性, 成为理想候选材料之一。然而, 莫来石陶瓷的传统制备方法温度高、工艺复杂, 限制了其实际应用。本研究开发了一种低成本、短周期的莫来石陶瓷低温制备方法, 选用高活性廉价多孔原料, 采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术, 利用介孔结构坍塌释放的高活性表面与SPS场效应的协同作用, 在1200 ℃下实现莫来石陶瓷的一步快速烧结制备, 显著降低烧结温度和缩短制备周期, 深入研究了烧结工艺参数对陶瓷的微结构、力学性能、介电性能以及红外传输性能的影响。1200 ℃、70 MPa、升温速率100 ℃·min^-1条件下制备所得陶瓷的密度可达3.06 g·cm^-3, 开孔率低至1.6%, 弯曲强度达152.9 MPa, 弯曲模量达87.1 GPa。较高的机械压力促使莫来石晶粒由针状向短柱状转变, 断裂模式由沿晶断裂过渡为穿晶断裂, 从而使陶瓷获得优异的力学性能。在8~16 GHz频段, 该陶瓷的的平均介电常数为6.77且呈现出良好的稳定性, 损耗角正切值为4.7×10^-4, 透波率大于70%, 这得益于陶瓷烧结后的残余气孔显著降低了介质极化。同时, 陶瓷在近红外波段的透过率达45.11%, 在雷达/红外双模透波材料领域展现出良好的应用前景。

关键词: 莫来石陶瓷, 放电等离子烧结, 低温制备, 介电性能, 红外透过率

Abstract:

Rapid development of high-speed aircraft technology poses an urgent demand for materials capable of integrating radar wave transmission and infrared transmission under extreme environments. Mullite ceramics have emerged as promising candidate materials due to their excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, dielectric properties, and inherent infrared transparency. However, the traditional preparation methods of mullite ceramics typically require high sintering temperature and involve complex processes, which limit their practical applications. In this work, one-step rapid sintering of mullite ceramics at 1200 ℃ was successfully achieved by utilizing highly active, low-cost porous raw materials and spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology, significantly reducing the sintering temperature and shortening the preparation cycle. This process relied on the synergistic effect between the high-activity surfaces released by mesoporous structure collapse and the SPS field effect, thereby developing a low-cost, short-cycle, and low-temperature preparation process. The effects of sintering process parameters on the microstructure, mechanical properties, dielectric properties, and infrared transmission properties of the ceramics were investigated in depth. Under the conditions of 1200 ℃, 70 MPa and a heating rate of 100 ℃·min^-1, the prepared ceramics exhibit a density of up to 3.06 g·cm^-3 and an open porosity as low as 1.6%, with a flexural strength of 152.9 MPa and a flexural modulus of 87.1 GPa. The high mechanical pressure promotes the transformation of mullite grains from acicular to short columnar, and the fracture mode transitions from intergranular to transgranular, endowing the ceramics with excellent mechanical properties. In the 8-16 GHz frequency band, the average dielectric constant is 6.77 with good stability, the dielectric loss tangent is 4.7×10^-4, and the wave transmittance exceeds 70%, which is attributed to the significant reduction in dielectric polarization caused by the residual pores in the sintered ceramics. Meanwhile, the transmittance in the near-infrared band reaches 45.11%, demonstrating promising application prospects in the field of radar/infrared dual-mode wave-transparent materials.

Key words: mullite ceramic, spark plasma sintering, low-temperature preparation, dielectric property, infrared transmittance

中图分类号:

TB32

崔楷敏, 李端, 曾雷, 彭江山, 王衍飞, 刘荣军. 低温快速制备具有雷达/红外双模传输特性的莫来石陶瓷[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(7): 955-964.

CUI Kaimin, LI Duan, ZENG Lei, PENG Jiangshan, WANG Yanfei, LIU Rongjun. Rapid and Low-temperature Fabrication of Mullite Ceramics with Dual-mode Radar/Infrared Transmission Characteristics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(7): 955-964.

图/表 9

表1 陶瓷的烧结工艺参数及对应的密度与开孔率

Table 1 Sintering parameters, density and open porosity of ceramics

Sample	Heating rate/ (℃·min^-1)	Sintering temperature/℃	Dwell time/ min	Pressure/ MPa	Density/ (g·cm^-3)	Open porosity/%
AS-1	300	1150	2	30	2.44	21.1
AS-2	300	1150	2	50	2.45	21.1
AS-3	300	1150	2	70	2.58	16.4
AS-4	300	1200	2	70	2.78	10.5
AS-5	200	1200	2	70	2.80	9.0
AS-6	100	1200	5	70	3.06	1.6

图1 原料粉体的(a, c) XRD图谱及(b, d) SEM照片

Fig. 1 (a, c) XRD patterns and (b, d) SEM images of the raw powders (a, b) AlOOH; (c, d) ZSM-5

图2 原料粉体的(a, c) N2吸脱附曲线及(b, d)孔径分布图

Fig. 2 (a, c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (b, d) pore size distributions of the raw powders (a, b) AlOOH; (c, d) ZSM-5

图3 干混原粉的(a) XRD图谱及(b) SEM照片

Fig. 3 (a) XRD pattern and (b) SEM images of the dry-mixed raw powders

图4 不同烧结参数制得莫来石陶瓷的XRD图谱

Fig. 4 XRD patterns of the obtained mullite ceramics under different sintering parameters (a) AS-1, AS-2, and AS-3; (b) AS-4, AS-5, and AS-6

图5 不同烧结工艺参数制得莫来石陶瓷的SEM照片

Fig. 5 SEM images of the obtained mullite ceramics under different sintering parameters

图6 不同烧结工艺参数制得莫来石陶瓷的力学性能及断口形貌照片

Fig. 6 Mechanical characterization and fracture morphologies of the obtained mullite ceramics under different sintering parameters (a) Stress-strain curves; (b) Flexural strength and modulus; (c) SEM images of fracture surfaces

图7 不同烧结工艺参数制得莫来石陶瓷的介电性能

Fig. 7 Dielectric properties of the obtained mullite ceramics under different sintering parameters (a) ${\epsilon }^{\prime }$; (b) $\mathrm{tan}\delta $; (c, d) Microwave transmittance of (c) AS-5 and (d) AS-6

图8 莫来石陶瓷的红外透过率曲线

Fig. 8 Infrared transmittance spectra of mullite ceramic samples

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低温快速制备具有雷达/红外双模传输特性的莫来石陶瓷

Rapid and Low-temperature Fabrication of Mullite Ceramics with Dual-mode Radar/Infrared Transmission Characteristics

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