水热-碳热合成AlN纳米粉体的机理

doi:10.15541/jim20240279

无机材料学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 104-110.DOI: 10.15541/jim20240279 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20240279

水热-碳热合成AlN纳米粉体的机理

冯关正¹^,²^,³(), 杨健¹^,², 周渡¹^,², 陈啟明¹^,²^,³, 许文涛¹^,², 周有福¹^,²()

1.中国科学院福建物质结构研究所, 光电材料化学与物理重点实验室, 福州 350002
2.福建光电信息科技创新实验室, 福州 350108
3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100039

收稿日期:2024-06-07 修回日期:2024-09-02 出版日期:2025-01-20 网络出版日期:2024-09-02
通讯作者: 周有福, 研究员. E-mail: yfzhou@fjirsm.ac.cn
作者简介:冯关正(1998-), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail: fengguanzheng01@163.com

Mechanism for Hydrothermal-carbothermal Synthesis of AlN Nanopowders

FENG Guanzheng¹^,²^,³(), YANG Jian¹^,², ZHOU Du¹^,², CHEN Qiming¹^,²^,³, XU Wentao¹^,², ZHOU Youfu¹^,²()

1. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

Received:2024-06-07 Revised:2024-09-02 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2024-09-02
Contact: ZHOU Youfu, professor. E-mail: yfzhou@fjirsm.ac.cn
About author:FENG Guanzheng (1998-), male, Master candidate. E-mail: fengguanzheng01@163.com
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3708500);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3611000);Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2020ZZ109)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳热还原氮化法是应用最广泛的制备AlN粉体的方法。该工艺制备的AlN粉体纯度高且烧结活性优良, 但是存在反应温度高、原料难以混合均匀等不足。本研究将水热合成与碳热还原氮化法相结合制备AlN纳米粉体。以硝酸铝为铝源、蔗糖为碳源、尿素为沉淀剂, 在200 ℃水热合成碳和勃姆石(γ-AlOOH)均质复合前驱体。前驱体通过静电吸引形成碳紧密包覆勃姆石的核壳结构(γ-AlOOH@C)。与传统前驱体相比, 水热复合物具有超细颗粒、粒度分布均匀、分散性好、反应活性高、环境友好等优点。在氧化铝相的稳定性方面, 碳壳通过抑制氧化铝的表面积损失, 使γ-Al₂O₃相比刚玉相(α-Al₂O₃相)的热稳定性更好, γ-Al₂O₃在碳热还原过程中能保持较高的反应活性, 该反应始于1300 ℃, 止于1400 ℃(比传统碳热还原法低200 ℃)。本研究通过实验和热力学计算验证了相关机理, 为水热法结合碳热法制备非氧化物纳米陶瓷粉体提供了有效的理论和实验依据。

关键词: 氮化铝, 碳热还原氮化法, 机理, 水热合成, 前驱体

Abstract:

Currently, the carbothermal reduction-nitridation (CRN) process is the predominant method for preparing aluminum nitride (AlN) powder. Although AlN powder prepared by CRN process exhibits high purity and excellent sintering activity, it also presents challenges such as the necessity for high reaction temperatures and difficulties in achieving uniform mixing of its raw materials. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into preparation process of AlN nanopowders using a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and CRN. In the hydrothermal reaction, a homogeneous composite precursor consisting of carbon and boehmite (γ-AlOOH) is synthesized at 200 ℃ using aluminum nitrate as the aluminum source, sucrose as the carbon source, and urea as the precipitant. During the hydrothermal process, the precursor develops a core-shell structure, with boehmite tightly coated with carbon (γ-AlOOH@C) due to electrostatic attraction. Compared with conventional precursor, the hydrothermal hybrid offers many advantages, such as ultrafine particles, uniform particle size distribution, good dispersion, high reactivity, and environmental friendliness. The carbon shell enhances thermodynamic stability of γ-Al₂O₃ compared to the corundum phase (α-Al₂O₃) by preventing the loss of the surface area in alumina. This stability enables γ-Al₂O₃ to maintain high reactivity during CRN process, which initiates at 1300 ℃, and concludes at 1400 ℃. The underlying mechanisms are substantiated through experiments and thermodynamic calculations. This research provides a robust theoretical and experimental foundation for the hydrothermal combined carbothermal preparation of non-oxide ceramic nanopowders.

Key words: aluminum nitride, carbothermal reduction-nitridation, mechanism, hydrothermal synthesis, precursor

中图分类号:

TM282

冯关正, 杨健, 周渡, 陈啟明, 许文涛, 周有福. 水热-碳热合成AlN纳米粉体的机理[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(1): 104-110.

FENG Guanzheng, YANG Jian, ZHOU Du, CHEN Qiming, XU Wentao, ZHOU Youfu. Mechanism for Hydrothermal-carbothermal Synthesis of AlN Nanopowders[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(1): 104-110.

图/表 17

Fig. 1 TEM image, HAADF image and elemental mappings of the precursor (a) TEM; (b) HAADF; (c-f) Elemental mappings of (c) Al, (d) O, (e) C, and (f) N

Fig. 2 (a) γ-AlOOH and (b) carbon electrically charged in an aqueous solution

Fig. 3 (a) Zeta potential of γ-AlOOH and carbon dispersions at different pH and (b) mechanism of precursor formation

Fig. 4 XRD patterns of the nitridation products synthesized at (a) different temperatures and (b) different C/Al molar ratios at 1500 ℃

Table 1 Compilation of measured and calculated surface energies in literature

Phase	Surface energy/ (J·m^-2)	Ref.	Method
α-Al₂O₃	2.04	[34]	MD simulation
	2.64	[33]	High-temperature calorimetry
	2.57	[35]	Static lattice calculation
	2.03	[36]	MD simulation
	4.89	[37]	Ab initio calculation
γ-Al₂O₃	0.79	[34]	MD simulation
	1.66	[33]	High-temperature calorimetry
	1.53	[38]	High-temperature calorimetry

Fig. 5 (a) Gibbs free energy of the transformation from γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 at different temperatures calculated as a function of specific surface area, and (b) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of γ-Al2O3 with inset showing pore size distribution determined by application of BJH method to the isotherm

Fig. S1 (a) XRD pattern and (b) FESEM image of the precursor obtained at 200 ℃

Fig. S2 TEM images of the precursor (a) Precursor; (b) γ-AlOOH; (c) Carbon

Fig. S3 (a, b) Survey spectra of the precursors at (a) Al : U : C=1 : 2 : 0 and (b) Al : U : C=1 : 2 : 4; (c-f) XPS spectra of (c) Al2s, (d) C1s, (e) O1s, and (f) N1s for the precursors at Al : U : C=1 : 2 : 4

Fig. S4 FTIR spectra of the precursors (a) Al : U : C=1: 2: 0; (b) Al : U : C=1 : 2 : 4

Fig. S5 Experimental procedure for validating the mechanism of precursor formation through electrostatic adsorption

Fig. S6 XRD patterns of the products in Fig. S5 (a) Boehmite; (b) Precursor; (c) AlN

Fig. S7 FESEM images of the products in Fig. S5 (a) Boehmite; (b) Precursor; (c) AlN

Fig. S8 TGA curve of the product calcined at 1400 ℃ in air

Fig. S9 FESEM image of AlN nanopowder produced at 1400 ℃

Fig. S10 FESEM image of the product after calcination at 1200 ℃ and carbon removal at 700 ℃

Fig. S11 Structure diagram of α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and AlN

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水热-碳热合成AlN纳米粉体的机理

Mechanism for Hydrothermal-carbothermal Synthesis of AlN Nanopowders

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