图1 陶瓷增材制造技术分类示意图及其适用材料[1]

Fig. 1 Additive manufacturing technologies for ceramic production and applicable material forms[1]

图2 聚合物前驱体转化陶瓷的增材制造过程与实例[14]

Fig. 2 Additive manufacturing of polymer-derived ceramics[14]. (a) UV-curable preceramic monomers and photoinitiator; (b) SL printing process; (c) As-printed parts; (d) As-pyrolyzed ceramic; (e) Examples of final parts

图3 四种不同的陶瓷前驱体的DLP 3D打印工艺示意图(左)及实物照片和显微照片[28]

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram (left) of DLP printing process of four different preceramic polymers, and optical microscopic images and photographs of the printed structures [28] (a, c, e, g) Optical microscopic images of the printed structures; (b, d, f, h) Photographs of the printed structures before and after pyrolysis

图4 SiCw/SiC矩阵在不同打印高度或不同固体负载悬浮液下的SEM照片(左)及其示意图(右)[19]

Fig. 4 SEM images of SiCw/SiC lattices under different printing height or using suspensions with different solid loading (left) and schematic illustration of the morphology of extruded filaments with different printing height (right)[19] (a-c) Printed with 62.3% solid loading (in vol.); (d-f) Printed with 57.7%, 59.9% and 62.3% solid loadings (in vol.); (g-i) Enlarged views of the squares in (d-f)

图5 1000 ℃热解处理后的开尔文点阵结构的SEM照片

Fig. 5 SEM images of Kelvin cell structures pyrolyzed at 1000 ℃[38] (a-c) Kelvin cell structures pyrolyzed at 1000 ℃ on support pillars with increasing height, to reduce shrinkage constraints from the glass substrate during pyrolysis; (d-f) Magnification of the samples shown in the upper row

图6 3D打印双金属掺杂前驱体的照片及机械性能[41]

Fig. 6 Pictures and mechanical properties of 3D printing of bimetal-doped precursor[41] (a-c) Lattice CAD model, resin and SiOC ceramics; (d-f) SEM images of different curing layer thickness; (g-i) Mechanical properties

图7 点阵模型及打印件裂解后的宏(左)微(右, (a~d))观结构[44]

Fig. 7 CAD models and optical images of the samples after printing and pyrolysis (left column), SEM images of the samples’ skeleton surface after pyrolysis (right two columns, (a-d))[44]

图8 引入不同比例硅油添加剂的SiOC陶瓷热解样件的宏观(a~c)与微观(d~f)形貌照片[46], (g)添加适当比例酚醛树脂制备的样件的CAD模型、打印素坯与热解后样件宏观实物图[47]

Fig. 8 (a-c) Optical images of the SiOC ceramic samples with different proportion of silicone oil additive, (d-f) closer looks of the corresponding samples in (a-c) [46], and (g) CAD models, green and pyrolyzed samples with the addition of phenolic resin additive [47]

图9 支撑凝胶内的3D打印陶瓷前驱体的工艺流程示意图(a)及其打印示例(b)、打印样品(c~e)、热解样品(f, g)[53]

Fig. 9 Schematic of 3D printing of polymer-derived ceramics inside a support gel (a), illustration of the printing (b), printed samples (c-e), and pyrolyzed samples (f, g)[53]

图10 不同参数打印的陶瓷立方体的SEM和AFM照片以及CAD设计[58]

Fig. 10 CAD design of the nozzle compared with the final pyrolysed part and SEM images[58] Left: SEM images and AFM images (Col.1, 2 and 4) of ceramic cubes printed with different parameters, with the measured corresponding mean values of the linear shrinkage (Col.3) and the average roughness (Col.5). Upper-right: CAD designs of two different structures and final pyrolysed parts. Lower-right: CAD design of the nozzle compared with the final ceramic part with their SEM images at 0°(I.a and II.a) and 60°(I.b and II.b), and their corresponding X-ray microtomographies from different angles (a-j)

图11 4D打印过程示意图及其成型构件[59]

Fig. 11 Origami and 4D printing of PDCs via DIW-morphing-heat treatment method[59] (a) 3D printed elastomeric lattices; (b) Optical image of DIW; (c) Origami of ceramic structures; (d, e) Two 4D printing methods together with heat treatment; (f) Flat and curved cellphone back plate; (g) Top view of flat plate; (h) Curved ceramic honeycomb; Inset indicates the curvature of the honeycomb. Scale bars:1 cm