Recent Progress on Defect Dipoles Characteristics in Piezoelectric Materials

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2013.12127

Abstract

Abstract:

Defect dipoles which have pronounced effects on properties of piezoelectric materials can be introduced either by partially modifying with acceptor impurities or volatizing of cation elements in perovskite lattice during sintering. The formation mechanism of defect dipoles and responses under external fields were reviewed in the present paper. Besides, the main physic mechanisms of ferroelectric aging, hysteresis loop abnormalities and electro- shape-memory effects in piezoelectric materials were discussed in detail from the defect dipoles viewpoints. Based on a defect mediated reversible domain switching mechanism, large recoverable electro-strain, as well as constricted hysteresis loops were obtained in unpoled aged ferroelectric crystals and/or ceramics, which indicated that aging was not always a detrimental effect, and may be promising for future novel applications. Furthermore, the defect dipole relaxation process was briefly described and the development trends of the high reliability piezoelectric actuators were proposed.

Key words: piezoelectric materials, defect dipoles, constricted hysteresis loops, symmetry-conforming principle, review

CLC Number:

TM282

DU Gang, LIANG Rui-Hong, LI Tao, LU Xiao-Rong, WANG Gen-Shui, DONG Xian-Lin. Recent Progress on Defect Dipoles Characteristics in Piezoelectric Materials[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2013, 28(2): 123-130.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 The distribution of oxygen vacancies in perovskite structure

Fig. 2 (a) Aging of the piezoelectric coefficient for BaTi0.98Ca0.02O2.98 ceramic after poling[30]; (b) Aging of the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss for Ba(Ti1-xFex)O3 ceramics[29]

Fig. 3 Schematic representation of (a) asymmetric polarization hysteresis curve (b) I-E curve (c) domain switching of aged piezoelectric ceramics containing defect dipoles (P denotes spontaneous polarization, Ei denotes internal bias field) [18]

Fig. 4 Constricted double hysteresis loops of (a) [001] oriented PMNT62/38-0.2Fe crystals[7] and (b) PNZTM95/5 ceramics[7,34]

Fig. 5 Symmetry-conforming property of point defects in (a) Cubic phase and (b) ferroelectric tetragonal phase

Fig. 6 Defect dipoles related reversible domain switching process

Fig. 7 Mechanism of large electro-shape-memory by reversible domain switching in aged ferroelectrics (a) multidomain tetragonal ferroelectrics after aging (b) single-domain state by electric field E (c) double hysteresis loop (P-E curve) during reversible domain switching (d) huge electrostrain (ε-E curve) during reversible domain switching[37]

Fig. 8 Large electric-field-induced strain in an aged [001]- oriented BaTiO3 single crystal in comparison with the piezoelectric effect of PZT ceramics and PZN-PT single crystals[13]

Fig. 9 (a) Comparison of the nonlinear recoverable electrostrain in Ba0.95Sr0.05TiO3-1Mn ceramics with linear piezoelectric strain of BaTiO3 and PZT ceramics and (b) bipolar electrostrain curves for the aged and fresh Mn-doped KNbO3 based piezoelectric ceramics[11,14]

Fig. 10 P-E loops of KNN-Cu ceramics measured at different (a) frequencies and (b) temperatures[42]

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