Recent Progress of Porous PZT95/5 Ferroelectric Ceramics

doi:10.15541/jim20170414

Abstract

Abstract:

Explosive pulsed powers (EPP) based on the shock-compression-induced depolarization effect of ferroelectric or piezoelectric ceramics are found important applications in the area of high pulsed power supplies. A particular lead titanate-lead zircaonate (PZT) solid solution with a Zr : Ti ratio of 95 : 5, denoted by PZT95/5, was identified as a promising material for this application. Recently, porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics are attracting more attention due to their enhanced performance under shock compression. In this article, progress of porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics in the past decades were reviewed. The dependence of porous microstructures, such as porosity, pore size and morphorlogy, pore distribution on the property were emphasized. Porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics with specific porous microstructure was found exhibiting superior performance under shock wave compression. Theoretical and experimental results found the mesoscopic mechanism for porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics to exhibit excellent shock damage resistance. In the final section, new ferroelectric candidates, such as BNT-based ferroelectric ceramics and PIN-PMN single crystal, for EPP application were also reviewed and prospective research work in the future is proposed.

Key words: ferroelectric materials, PZT95/5, porous materials, shock wave, electromechanical properties, review

CLC Number:

TM221

NIE Heng-Chang, WANG Yong-Ling, HE Hong-Liang, WANG Gen-Shui, DONG Xian-Lin. Recent Progress of Porous PZT95/5 Ferroelectric Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2018, 33(2): 153-161.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Typical hysteresis loops of PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics

Fig. 2 Microphotography of porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics with different porosities via PMMA[27]

Fig. 3 SEM images of (a) Dextrin, (b) PMMA, (c) PZT 95/5 ceramics with Dextrin as pore formers and (d) PZT 95/5 ceramics with PMMA as pore formers[28-29]

Fig. 4 SEM images of the porous PZT95/5 ceramics with different pore sizes[37] (a) 1.8 mm PMMA spheres; (b) 5 μm PMMA spheres; (c) 15 μm PMMA spheres; (d) 60 μm PMMA spheres

Fig. 5 SEM images of cross-section of PZT95/5-CNTs and PZT95/5 ceramics[38]

Table 1 Physical property comparison between dense and porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics with disperse distribution[39-40]

Property	Dense PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics	Porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics
Bulk density/(g•cm^-3)	~7.6	~7.3
Effective permittivity	280-300	250-260
Piezoelectric constant/(pC•N^-1)	66-70	66-70
Bulk resistivity/(Ω•cm)	10^11-12	10^11-12
Tangent loss/%	1.7-2.0	1.5-1.8
Remnant polarization/(μC•cm^-2)	~35	~30

Fig. 6 Schematic illustration of a ceramic with multiple distinct region of density[41]

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram (a) and SEM images of polished fracture cross section of sandwich structure PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramic: (b) full cross section; (c) dense layer; (d) porous layer[42]

Fig. 8 Electric breakdown strength and internal resistivity under different stresses[51]

Fig. 9 Dynamic response behaviors of porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics with disperse pores under different shock pressures[40]

Fig. 10 Hugoniot stress-strain curves for calculated brittle materials with 0, 2%, 5%, and 10% porosities[55]

Table 2 Relationship catalogue between physical property and pore of PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics

Catalogue	Property
Type I (not dependent on porosity)	Curie temperature, Spontaneous polarization
Type II (depend only on the amount of porosity)	Remnant polarization, bulk density, effective permittivity, piezoelectric constant, tangent loss, Young’s modulus, Dynamic yielding threshold
Type III (depend on both the amount and one or more characteristics of porosity)	Shock plasticity, Dielectric strength

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