Application and Development of Hybrid Perovskite Materials in the Field of Solar Cells

doi:10.15541/jim20140617

Abstract

Abstract:

The hybrid perovskite is a new kind of photoelectric material. The development in a highly-efficient perovskite solar cell with long-term durability, following the first attempt at a perovskite sensitizer in 2009, has attracted many researchers attention. The power conversion efficiencies of organolead halide perovskite solar cells have been improved from 3.1% to 19.3% in 2014. In this paper, the structure of organolead halide perovskite and its application in the inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells are reviewed. The development, device structure and preparation method of the organolead halide perovskite solar cell are summarized. Finally, the long-term stability, environmental problems and development tendency of perovskite solar cells are briefly described.

Key words: solar cell, perovskite, organolead halide, photoelectric efficiency, TiO2/ZnO photo anode films, hole-transporting materials, review

CLC Number:

TQ174

WANG Yan-Xiang, LUO Jun, GUO Ping-Chun, ZHAO Xue-Guo, YANG Zhi-Sheng, ZHU Hua, SUN Jian. Application and Development of Hybrid Perovskite Materials in the Field of Solar Cells[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(7): 673-682.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of single-layer(100)-oriented perovskites with (a) monammonium (b)diammonium organic cations[2]

Fig. 2 Structural representation of organolead halide perovskite[12]

Fig. 3 A schematic illustration of organolead halide perovskite sensitized TiO2 undergoing photoexcitation and electron transfer (a) and the incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectra for perovskite sensitized solar cells (b)[5]

Fig. 4 a) UV/Vis absorption spectra of CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3; b) Pictures of 3D TiO2/CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 bilayer nanocomposites on FTO glass substrates; c) Quadratic relationship of the band gaps of CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 as a function of Br composition (x)[16]

Table 1 Properties of different lead halide perovskites

Composition	Bandgap/eV	Structure at room temperature
CH₃NH₃PbI₃	1.50-1.61	Tetragonal^{[5, 15, 31]}
CH₃NH₃PbBr₃	2.32	Cubic^[16]
CH₃NH₃PbCl₃	3.10	Cubic^[17]
CH₃NH₃PbI_3-_xCl_x	1.55-1.64	Tetragona^{[7, 32-34]}
HC(NH₂)₂PbI₃	1.47	Tetragona^[28-30]

Fig. 5 (a) Real solid-state device; (b) Cross-sectional structure of the device; (c) Cross-sectional SEM image of the device; (d) Active layer-underlayer-FTO interfacial junction structure[15]

Fig. 6 Historic evolution of several kinds of solar cell technology and future directions for the structure of the perovskite solar cells[40]

Table 2 Types of photo anode films in a perovskite solar cell with different device structures

Device structure	The types of photo anode films	Scaffold	Hole-selective contact
Mesoporous structure	Compact TiO₂	Meso-TiO₂	Spiro-OMeTAD^{[7-8, 15]}
			Polymers^{[32, 48-52]}
			Inorganic^{[53, 54]}, molecules^[55]
Meso-superstructured	Compact TiO₂	Meso-Al₂O₃	Spiro-OMeTAD^{[7, 45-46]}
Meso-superstructured	Compact TiO₂	Meso-ZrO₂	Spiro-OMeTAD^{[7, 45-46]}
Planar heterojunction structure	Compact TiO₂/ZnO	—	Spiro-OMeTAD^{[47, 56]}

Fig. 7 Four general methods to prepare perovskite active layers (a) One step precursor deposition method; (b) Sequential deposition method[30]; (c) Dual source vapour deposition[47]; (d) Vapor-assisted solution process[59]

Fig. 8 Structural representation of hole transporting materials (HTMs) (a) and energy level diagram of hole transporting materials (HTMs) (b)

Fig. 9 Device architecture and energy level diagram (a) Schematics cross-sectional view of the perovskite solar cell conﬁguration: FTO glass, compact TiO2 underlayer, mesoporous TiO2 with inﬁltrated CH3NH3PbI3, CuSCN HTM and gold; (b) Energy level diagram of the TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/CuSCN/Au device showing ideal electron injection and hole extraction[54]

Fig. 10 (A) Schematic illustration showing the cross section of the triple-layer perovskite-based fully printable mesoscopic solar cell and (B) energy band diagram of the triple-layer device[68]

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