硼氮共掺杂生物质碳球负极材料的制备及其储钠性能

doi:10.15541/jim20250187

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 硬碳具有成本低廉、来源广泛、使用寿命长等优点,是一种极具发展前景的钠离子电池负极材料。然而,其较低的首次库仑效率(ICE)和较差的倍率性能,限制了实际应用。目前,杂原子掺杂是调控无定形碳微观结构,提高碳基材料储钠性能的有效方法。与单原子掺杂相比,多原子掺杂产生的协同效应有利于增强材料的电化学反应活性。本研究以从马铃薯淀粉加工废液中提取的废渣为前驱体,通过水热反应,合成了碳球,在此基础上采用尿素、四硼酸钠作为掺杂源,利用球磨和热解的方法制备了硼氮共掺杂生物质碳球。随后,探究了多原子掺杂对碳材料微观形貌及储钠性能的影响。结果表明：硼、氮共掺杂提高了材料的无序度,扩大了层间距,同时形成了合适的、有利于稳定固体电解质膜(SEI)生成的C=O键。在50 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,其可逆比容量为284.3 mAh·g^-1,ICE为77.0%。在2 A·g^-1下循环500圈后,比容量衰减至122.5 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率56.1%。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 负极材料, 马铃薯废渣, 纳米碳球, 硼氮共掺杂

Abstract: Hard carbon is a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its low cost, wide source, and long lifespan. However, its lower initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor capacity limit its practical applications. At present, heteroatom doping is an effective strategy to modulate the amorphous carbon microcrystalline structure and improve the sodium storage performance of carbon materials. The synergistic effect generated by combined heteroatom doping is more conducive to enhancing the electrochemical reactivity of carbon materials than single heteroatom doping. In this study, carbon spheres were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, with waste residue extracted from potato starch processing waste liquid serving as precursor, based on which boron and nitrogen co-doped biomass carbon spheres were prepared by ball milling and pyrolysis using urea and sodium tetraborate as doping sources. Subsequently, the effects of B and N co-doping on the microstructure and sodium storage properties of carbon materials was investigated. The results indicated that B and N co-doping increased the disorder and enlarged the layer spacing of carbon materials, while forming suitable C=O bonds that were conducive to stable solid electrolyte film (SEI) generation. The as-prepared electrode shows a reversible capacity of 284.3 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 50 mA·g^-1 with an ICE of 77.0%. After 500 cycles at 2 A·g^-1, its capacity decayed to 122.5 mAh·g^-1 ,with 56.1% capacity retention.

Key words: sodium-ion battery, anode material, potato residue, carbon nanosphere, boron and nitrogen co-doping

中图分类号:

O646

马晓佳, 耿欣宇, 张卫珂. 硼氮共掺杂生物质碳球负极材料的制备及其储钠性能[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250187.

MA Xiaojia, GENG Xinyu, ZHANG Weike. Boron and Nitrogen Co-doped Biomass Carbon Sphere Anode Material: Preparation and Sodium Storage Properties for Sodium-ion Batteries[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250187.

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