多功能电致变色器件:从多器件到单器件集成

doi:10.15541/jim20200412

无机材料学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 115-127.DOI: 10.15541/jim20200412

所属专题：电致变色材料与器件；功能材料论文精选(2021)；【信息功能】敏感陶瓷；【虚拟专辑】电致变色与热致变色材料；电致变色专栏2021

• 专栏: 电致变色材料与器件(特邀编辑:刁训刚, 王金敏) • 上一篇下一篇

多功能电致变色器件:从多器件到单器件集成

范宏伟¹(), 李克睿¹^,²(), 侯成义¹, 张青红³, 李耀刚³, 王宏志¹()

1.东华大学材料科学与工程学院, 纤维材料改性国家重点实验室, 上海 201620
2.新加坡国立大学化学与生物分子工程系, 新加坡 117585
3.东华大学教育部先进玻璃制造技术工程中心, 上海 201620

收稿日期:2020-07-23 修回日期:2020-10-06 出版日期:2021-02-20 网络出版日期:2020-11-05
通讯作者: 王宏志, 教授. E-mail: wanghz@dhu.edu.cn;
作者简介:范宏伟(1992-), 女, 博士研究生. E-mail: fhw305@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51672043);国家自然科学基金(51972054);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(CUSF-DH-D-2018006);广东省科技计划项目(2016B090932003)

Multi-functional Electrochromic Devices: Integration Strategies Based on Multiple and Single Devices

FAN Hongwei¹(), LI Kerui¹^,²(), HOU Chengyi¹, ZHANG Qinghong³, LI Yaogang³, WANG Hongzhi¹()

1. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 1175853
3. Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

Received:2020-07-23 Revised:2020-10-06 Published:2021-02-20 Online:2020-11-05
About author:FAN Hongwei (1992–),female,PhD candidate.E-mail:fhw305@126.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672043);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972054);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CUSF-DH-D-2018006);Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(2016B090932003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电致变色是在外加电场驱动下通过材料氧化还原反应可逆地改变颜色或光学性质的现象。自发现电致变色现象以来, 由于其具有色彩丰富、节能环保和智能可控等优点, 电致变色技术已应用于智能窗、智能显示、防炫目后视镜等领域。随着近些年光电技术的快速发展, 涌现了一系列具有高度集成特性的产品, 电致变色技术也朝着功能化智能化的方向发展: 结合绿色能源技术, 使自供能电致变色系统进一步降低了建筑能耗; 利用电致变色可视化的优点, 电致变色与其他功能器件的集成使信息读取更加快速便捷; 由于电致变色器件与多种功能器件具有相似的结构、电化学原理和活性成分, 电致变色器件也逐渐从单一的色彩变化, 向变色红外调控、变色储能及变色致动等多功能的方向发展。电致变色多功能集成也极大地推动了电致变色技术的进一步发展。本文详细综述了电致变色原理的多器件/单器件多功能集成系统的前沿进展, 例如自供能电致变色、电致变色传感、电致变色红外调控以及电致变色储能等方向, 并介绍了不同类型多功能电致变色器件集成模式、结构设计和性能优化, 同时也针对电致变色多功能应用所面临的挑战与未来可能的发展方向进行了总结与展望。

关键词: 电致变色, 多功能应用, 多器件集成, 单器件集成, 综述

Abstract:

Electrochromism is the phenomenon of reversible color/optical change of materials induced by redox reactions under an applied electric field. Since electrochromism was first introduced by Platt in 1961, electrochromic (EC) technology continues to develope due to its advantages of multiple colors energy saving and controllability, and was applied in many fields, for example, smart windows, displays, anti-dazzling rear view mirrors, etc. Recently, with the rapid development of optoelectronic and photoelectric technologies, highly integrated electronic devices attracted extensive interests, and the EC technology is developed towards functionalization and intellectualization. For example, self-powered EC devices (ECDs) were fabricated through integrating with the green energy technology, which further reduced the building energy consumption. Because of the visualization of the EC phenomena by naked eyes, the signal reading became more convenient for the sensors integrated with ECDs. In addition, because of similar device structure, electrochemical principles, active components with other functional devices, a lot of multifunctional EC technologies were explored based on single device, facilitating applications of ECDs in EC infrared control, EC energy storage, and EC actuation. In light of the recent emerging progress of EC technology, we reviewed multi-functional EC systems based on the integration of multiple devices and single device, respectively, including self-powered ECDs, EC sensors, infrared ECDs, and EC energy storage devices, etc. The integration modes, structure design and performance optimization were also summarized for different types of the multi-functional ECDs. At last, we introduced the challenges and potential pathway of multi-functional EC integration in the future.

Key words: electrochromism, multi-functional applications, multi-device integration, single device integration, review

中图分类号:

TB34

范宏伟, 李克睿, 侯成义, 张青红, 李耀刚, 王宏志. 多功能电致变色器件:从多器件到单器件集成[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(2): 115-127.

FAN Hongwei, LI Kerui, HOU Chengyi, ZHANG Qinghong, LI Yaogang, WANG Hongzhi. Multi-functional Electrochromic Devices: Integration Strategies Based on Multiple and Single Devices[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(2): 115-127.

图/表 8

图1 电致变色发展史: 从高性能到智能化转变

Fig. 1 Development history of electrochromism: from high performance to intelligence (a) EC electrodes and devices for smart windows: (i) Structure and performance of early ECD[11], (ii) Self-weaving WO3 nanoflake EC films[12], (iii) Nest-like WO3 EC films[13]; (b) Multi-device integration based on electrochromism: (i) Integration of ECD and photovoltaic cell[35], (ii) Integration of ECD and tactile sensor[25], (iii) Integration of ECD and strain sensor[26]; (c) Single device integration based on electrochromism: (i) Electrochromic infrared control[27], (ii) Electrochromic supercapacitor[36], (iii) Electrochromic actuator[34]

图2 钙钛矿PECD结构示意图和变色照片(a)[42], 近紫外太阳能电池与ECD叠层结构示意图(b)[45],光照下PECD变色原理示意图和变色照片(c)[46], 以及准固态聚合物PECD结构示意图(d)[43]

Fig. 2 Structural schematic illustration and digital photographs of the perovskite PECD (a)[42], schematic illustration of the stacked structure of the near-ultraviolet solar cells and ECD (b)[45], mechanism and digital photographs of the PECD under irradiation (c)[46], and structural schematic illustration of the quasi-solid PECD(d)[43]

图3 TENG为ECD供能示意图和ECD变色照片(a)[21], 自供能ECD示意图和变色照片(b)[59], 可穿戴压电驱动自供能图案化电致变色超级电容器(c)[24], 以及Al3+超级电容器与ECD集成示意图和ECD变色照片(d)[60]

Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of the TENG powered ECD and color-changing photographs of the ECD (a)[21], schematic illustration and color-changing photographs of the self-powered ECD (b)[59], wearable piezoelectric-driven self-powered patterned EC supercapacitor (c)[24], and schematic illustration of the ECD integrated with Al3+-based supercapacitor and color-changing photographs of the ECD (d)[60]

图4 电致变色压力传感器示意图和触觉感知变色照片(a)[25], 电致变色应变传感器示意图和演示照片(b)[61],自供能电致变色生物传感器(c)[64], 以及双极电极结构的电致变色化学传感器(d)[63]

Fig. 4 Structural schematic illustration of the EC tactile sensor and sequential photographs of a teddy bear show the expression of tactile sensing into visible color changes (a)[25], schematic illustration of the strain sensor and ECD, and sequential photographs of a hand with color changes together with finger motions (b)[61],self-powered EC biosensor (c)[64], and bipolar electrode-enabled EC chemical sensor (d)[63]

图5 基于Li4Ti5O12(a)[77]、基于PANI(b)[71]和基于PEDOT: Tosylate(c)[78]的红外电致变色器件及相关性能

Fig. 5 Li4Ti5O12-based[77] (a), PANI-based (b)[71], and PEDOT: Tosylate-based (c)[78] infrared ECD and corresponding performances

图6 PANI基电致变色超级电容器(a)[101], PEDOT/Ti3C2Tx基电致变色超级电容器(b)[102], PEDOT:PSS/WO3基透明可拉伸电致变色超级电容器(c)[99], 以及PANI基纤维状电致变色超级电容器(d)[100]

Fig. 6 PANI-based EC supercapacitor (a)[101], PEDOT/Ti3C2Tx-based EC supercapacitor (b)[102], transparent stretchable PEDOT:PSS/WO3-based EC supercapacitor (c)[99], and PANI-based EC fiber-shaped supercapacitors (d)[100]

图7 Al/PB电致变色电池(a)[73], H2O2辅助的Al/W18O49NWs电致变色电池(b)[107], 采用Zn2+/Al3+杂化电解质的电致变色电池(c)[110], 以及柔性Zn/PPy电致变色电池(d)[111]

Fig. 7 Al/PB EC battery (a)[73], H2O2-assisted Al/W18O49NWs EC battery (b)[107], aqueous hybrid Zn2+/Al3+EC battery (c)[110], flexible Zn/PPy EC battery (d)[111]

图8 基于NPG/PANI的电致变色致动薄膜(a)[112]和基于W18O49NW的电致变色致动薄膜(b)[34]

Fig. 8 NPG/PANI-based (a)[112] and W18O49NW-based (b)[34] EC actuating films

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多功能电致变色器件:从多器件到单器件集成

Multi-functional Electrochromic Devices: Integration Strategies Based on Multiple and Single Devices

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