无机材料学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (8): 785-794.DOI: 10.15541/jim20130633
• • 下一篇
楚增勇,原 博,颜廷楠
收稿日期:
2013-12-04
修回日期:
2014-01-16
出版日期:
2014-08-20
网络出版日期:
2014-07-15
基金资助:
CHU Zeng-Yong, YUAN Bo, YAN Ting-Nan
Received:
2013-12-04
Revised:
2014-01-16
Published:
2014-08-20
Online:
2014-07-15
Supported by:
摘要:
利用光催化剂将太阳能转化为人类可以直接利用的能量, 并用其解决地球资源的枯竭和生存环境的恶化是可再生清洁能源研究的一个方向。g-C3N4的独特结构赋予其良好的光催化性能, 使之成为光催化领域的研究热点。目前在光催化领域, g-C3N4主要用于催化污染物分解、水解制氢制氧、有机合成及氧气还原。在实际应用中, 为进一步提高g-C3N4的光催化效果, 科研工作者开发了多种改进方法, 例如物理复合改性、化学掺杂改性、微观结构调整等。本文主要论述了g-C3N4在光催化领域的应用以及光催化性能的改进方法, 简要阐述了光催化和各种改进方法的机理, 分析了目前g-C3N4在光催化领域面临的问题和挑战, 展望了g-C3N4的应用前景。
中图分类号:
楚增勇,原 博,颜廷楠. g-C3N4光催化性能的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2014, 29(8): 785-794.
CHU Zeng-Yong, YUAN Bo, YAN Ting-Nan. Recent Progress in Photocatalysis of g-C3N4[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2014, 29(8): 785-794.
图2 活性粒子的产生(a)[21]与其催化有机染料降解(b)[27-28]和含NO气体净化的机理(c)[38]
Fig. 2 Generation of reactive species (a)[21] and action mechanism for degradation of organic dye (b)[27-28] and purification of gas containing NO (c)[38]
Photocatalyt | Application | Photocatalytic performance <br/>of pure g-C3N4 [a]/ <br/>(min-1 or μmol•g•h-1) | photocatalytic performance <br/>of modified g-C3N4 [a]/ <br/>(min-1 or μmol•g•h-1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fe2O3/g-C3N4 | Degradation of MO | 0.0030 | 0.0163 | [27] |
AgX/g-C3N4(X=Br, I) | Degradation of MO | 0.0006 | 0.1900 [b]<br/>0.0068 [c] | [70] |
ZnO/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0078 | 0.0239 | [28] |
SmVO4/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0143 | 0.0338 | [72] |
GdVO4/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0142 | 0.0434 | [80] |
DyVO4/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0142 | 0.0365 | [81] |
Formate anion/g-C3N4 | Reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) | 0.0010 | 0.0033 | [37] |
MoS2/g-C3N4 | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 0.15 | 23.10 | [41] |
CdS QDs/g-C3N4 | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 38 | 4494 | [40] |
Gr/g-C3N4 | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 147 | 451 | [74] |
P3HT/g-C3N4 | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 1.8 | 555.0 | [76] |
TiO2/g-C3N4 | Degradation of phenol | 0.022 | 0.053 | [30] |
g-C3N4/rGO/MoS2 | Degradation of MB | 0.0054 | 0.0338 | [82] |
Reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) | 0.0028 | 0.0157 | ||
GO/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0041 | 0.0156 | [32] |
Degradation of 2,4-DCP | 0.0037 | 0.0077 |
表1 g-C3N4与物质复合后光催化性能的提高
Table 1 Improvement of photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 physically coupled with other materials
Photocatalyt | Application | Photocatalytic performance <br/>of pure g-C3N4 [a]/ <br/>(min-1 or μmol•g•h-1) | photocatalytic performance <br/>of modified g-C3N4 [a]/ <br/>(min-1 or μmol•g•h-1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fe2O3/g-C3N4 | Degradation of MO | 0.0030 | 0.0163 | [27] |
AgX/g-C3N4(X=Br, I) | Degradation of MO | 0.0006 | 0.1900 [b]<br/>0.0068 [c] | [70] |
ZnO/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0078 | 0.0239 | [28] |
SmVO4/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0143 | 0.0338 | [72] |
GdVO4/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0142 | 0.0434 | [80] |
DyVO4/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0142 | 0.0365 | [81] |
Formate anion/g-C3N4 | Reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) | 0.0010 | 0.0033 | [37] |
MoS2/g-C3N4 | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 0.15 | 23.10 | [41] |
CdS QDs/g-C3N4 | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 38 | 4494 | [40] |
Gr/g-C3N4 | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 147 | 451 | [74] |
P3HT/g-C3N4 | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 1.8 | 555.0 | [76] |
TiO2/g-C3N4 | Degradation of phenol | 0.022 | 0.053 | [30] |
g-C3N4/rGO/MoS2 | Degradation of MB | 0.0054 | 0.0338 | [82] |
Reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) | 0.0028 | 0.0157 | ||
GO/g-C3N4 | Degradation of RhB | 0.0041 | 0.0156 | [32] |
Degradation of 2,4-DCP | 0.0037 | 0.0077 |
图3 g-C3N4与物质复合后电子和空穴的分离
Fig. 3 Separation of electrons and holes of g-C3N4 physically coupled with other materials (a) Convection-type charge transfer[30, 40] (such as TiO2, CdS); (b) Advection-type charge transfer[27, 74] (such as Fe3O4, graphene); (c) Z-type charge transfer [35, 71]
图4 引入不同的杂环对g-C3N4水解制氢速率的影响[83]
Fig. 4 Influence of different heterocycles introduced into g-C3N4 on the rate of hydrogen production[83] Every figure (μmol/h) below heterocycles means the rate of hydrogen production and the rate of hydrogen production of unmodified g-C3N4 is 18 μmol/h
Introduced<br/>component | Application | Photocatalytic performance of unmodified g-C3N4[a]<br/>/(μmol•h-1, min-1 or %) | Photocatalytic performance<br/>of modified g-C3N4[a]/<br/>(μmol•h-1, min-1 or %) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
PMDA<br/> | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 7.0 | 20.6 | [44] |
Oxygen generation by hydrolysis | 0.8 | 7.7 | ||
Degradation of MO | 0.0050 | 0.0557 | ||
ABN<br/> | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 18[b] | 147[b] | [83] |
127[c] | 229[c] | |||
BA<br/> | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 148.2[d] | 253.1[d] | [84] |
6.5[e] | 29.4[e] | |||
B, F | Oxidation of cyclohexane | 1.6[f] | 5.3[f] | [91] |
F | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 4.9 | 13.0 | [87] |
Oxidation of benzene | 0.0001 | 0.0021 | ||
S | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 20[d] | 160[d] | [29] |
10[e] | 75[e] | |||
B | Degradation of RhB | 0.055 | 0.199 | [86] |
C | Degradation of RhB | 0.0081 | 0.0362 | [90] |
Reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) | 0.0010 | 0.0017 | ||
Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 17.8 | 25.3 |
表2 化学掺杂对g-C3N4光催化性能的影响
Table 2 Influence of chemical binding modification on photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4
Introduced<br/>component | Application | Photocatalytic performance of unmodified g-C3N4[a]<br/>/(μmol•h-1, min-1 or %) | Photocatalytic performance<br/>of modified g-C3N4[a]/<br/>(μmol•h-1, min-1 or %) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
PMDA<br/> | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 7.0 | 20.6 | [44] |
Oxygen generation by hydrolysis | 0.8 | 7.7 | ||
Degradation of MO | 0.0050 | 0.0557 | ||
ABN<br/> | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 18[b] | 147[b] | [83] |
127[c] | 229[c] | |||
BA<br/> | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 148.2[d] | 253.1[d] | [84] |
6.5[e] | 29.4[e] | |||
B, F | Oxidation of cyclohexane | 1.6[f] | 5.3[f] | [91] |
F | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 4.9 | 13.0 | [87] |
Oxidation of benzene | 0.0001 | 0.0021 | ||
S | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 20[d] | 160[d] | [29] |
10[e] | 75[e] | |||
B | Degradation of RhB | 0.055 | 0.199 | [86] |
C | Degradation of RhB | 0.0081 | 0.0362 | [90] |
Reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) | 0.0010 | 0.0017 | ||
Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 17.8 | 25.3 |
Microstructure | Application | Photocatalytic performance of bulk g-C3N4[a] <br/>/(μmol•h-1, min-1 or %) | Photocatalytic performance<br/>of modified g-C3N4[a]/<br/>(μmol•h-1, min-1 or %) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Porous structure | Degradation of RhB | 0.014 | 0.131 | [94] |
Porous structure | Oxidation of toluene | 24[b] | >99[b] | [47] |
Porous structure | Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene | 0[c] | 90[c] | [53] |
Nanosheet | Degradation of RhB | 0.0012 | 0.0163 | [20] |
Nanorod | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 28 | 84 | [23] |
Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 3.9 | 7 | ||
Nanorod | Degradation of MB | 0.0017[d] | 0.0025[d] | [97] |
0.0021[e] | 0.0029[e] | |||
Nanosheet | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 31.0[f] | 169.7[f] | [51] |
10.7[g] | 31.8[g] | |||
Nanosheet | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 10.4 | 93.1 | [39] |
表3 微观结构对g-C3N4光催化性能的影响
Table 3 Influence of microstructure on the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4
Microstructure | Application | Photocatalytic performance of bulk g-C3N4[a] <br/>/(μmol•h-1, min-1 or %) | Photocatalytic performance<br/>of modified g-C3N4[a]/<br/>(μmol•h-1, min-1 or %) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Porous structure | Degradation of RhB | 0.014 | 0.131 | [94] |
Porous structure | Oxidation of toluene | 24[b] | >99[b] | [47] |
Porous structure | Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene | 0[c] | 90[c] | [53] |
Nanosheet | Degradation of RhB | 0.0012 | 0.0163 | [20] |
Nanorod | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 28 | 84 | [23] |
Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 3.9 | 7 | ||
Nanorod | Degradation of MB | 0.0017[d] | 0.0025[d] | [97] |
0.0021[e] | 0.0029[e] | |||
Nanosheet | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 31.0[f] | 169.7[f] | [51] |
10.7[g] | 31.8[g] | |||
Nanosheet | Hydrogen generation by hydrolysis | 10.4 | 93.1 | [39] |
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