Current Status and Prospect of Additive Manufacturing Piezoceramics

doi:10.15541/jim20210599

Journal of Inorganic Materials ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 278-288.DOI: 10.15541/jim20210599

Special Issue: 2022年度中国知网高下载论文

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Current Status and Prospect of Additive Manufacturing Piezoceramics

LIU Kai¹^,²(), SUN Ce², SHI Yusheng³, HU Jiaming², ZHANG Qingqing², SUN Yunfei², ZHANG Song⁴, TU Rong⁴, YAN Chunze³, CHEN Zhangwei⁵, HUANG Shangyu², SUN Huajun¹()

1. State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
5. Additive Manufacturing Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Received:2021-09-28 Revised:2021-11-21 Published:2022-03-20 Online:2021-12-24
Contact: SUN Huajun, professor. E-mail: huajunsun@whut.edu.cn
About author:LIU Kai (1987-), male, associate professor. E-mail: victor_liu@whut.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Plan(2021YFB3703100);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672198);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1806221);Instruction & Development Project for National Funding Innovation Demonstration Zone of Shandong Province(2017-41-1);Instruction & Development Project for National Funding Innovation Demonstration Zone of Shandong Province(2017-41-3);Instruction & Development Project for National Funding Innovation Demonstration Zone of Shandong Province(2018ZCQZB01);Instruction & Development Project for National Funding Innovation Demonstration Zone of Shandong Province(2019ZCQZB03);Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(2060503);Key Research & Design Program of Shandong Province(2019GGX102011)

Abstract

Abstract:

As an important functional material, piezoelectric ceramics not only have the characteristics of high strength, high hardness, corrosion resistance, etc., but also can realize the mutual conversion between mechanical energy and electrical energy. Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in sensors, drivers, capacitors and other piezoelectric parts, playing an important role in high-end equipment such as marine exploration, biomedicine, and electronic communications. The development requirements of intelligent, integrated, and lightweight piezoelectric functional devices in advanced technology fields have pushed their shape more and more complex. However, traditional fabricating processes, such as slip casting, injection molding, mould pressing, and machining, depend on molds or grinding tools. It is difficult to design and fabricate complex shape piezoelectric ceramics, especially with hollows and overhangs. Additive manufacturing technology can rapidly fabricate any complex structure parts based on the layer-by-layer fabricating principle with advantages of high molding efficiency and without molds. It can meet the needs of individualized, integration and complex manufacturing. In recent years, it has received extensive attention from researchers in the field of piezoelectric ceramics in both domestic and abroad. This article summarizes the main types of current additive manufacturing piezoelectric ceramics and their development status from the perspective of three raw material forms: powder, slurry and bulk materials, then comprehensively compares the characteristics of various processes. Application of additive manufacturing of piezoelectric ceramics in different fields has also been introduced. Finally, the challenges faced by additive manufacturing piezoelectric ceramics and the possible future development trends are summarized and prospected.

Key words: piezoceramic, additive manufacturing, process types, structure, application, review

CLC Number:

TB321

LIU Kai, SUN Ce, SHI Yusheng, HU Jiaming, ZHANG Qingqing, SUN Yunfei, ZHANG Song, TU Rong, YAN Chunze, CHEN Zhangwei, HUANG Shangyu, SUN Huajun. Current Status and Prospect of Additive Manufacturing Piezoceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(3): 278-288.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Papers published on additive manufacturing of piezoceramics (data from Web of Science) (a) Proportion of published literature of each process; (b) Number of papers published at each stage SLS: Selective laser sintering; BJ: Binder jetting; SLA: Stereolithography apparatus; IJP: Ink-jet printing; DLP: Digital light processing; DIW: Direct ink writing; FDM: Fused deposition modeling; LOM: Laminated object manufacturing

Fig. 2 Piezoceramic with lattice structure formed by Binder Jetting[18] Left: Green body; Right: Sintering part

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of layered exposure strategy (a) and micro-topography photo of sintered part[32] (b), photo of precursor body fabricated by Digital Light Processing (c), photos of BTO sample after sintering[35] (d), photos of PZT ceramic microarrays fabricated by Binder Jetting[37] (e)

Fig. 4 Micro-morphology photos of the PZT ceramics sintered at different temperatures (a) and photos of sintered PZT ceramics fabricated by Direct Ink Writing (b)[41], and cross-section photo of gradient piezoelectric ceramics fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling (c)[51,52]

Table 1 Comparison of properties of piezoceramics formed by additive manufacturing

Materials	Process	Density/(g·cm^-3)	Relative density/%	d₃₃/(pC·N^-1)	Relative dielectric constant (ε_r)	Dielectric loss (tan δ)	Ref.
BTO	SLS	-	97	-	1800	-	[7]
PZT	SLS	4	50.6	-	-	-	[12]
PZT	LENS	-	90	-	430	0.05	[14]
BTO	BJ	-	93-94	183	-	-	[18]
BTO	SLA	5.69	95	163	2762	0.016	[23]
BTO	DIW	5.13	85.24	204.61	2551	-	[44]
PZT	DIW	(7.21±0.06)	94.9	678	(4132±575)	(3.4±1%)	[45]
BTO	DIW	5.42	90	200	2200	-	[46]
BTO	DIW	-	89.97	350	2576	-	[47]
PLZT	DIW	-	98	481	1986	-	[48]
BCZT	DIW	-	93	100	1046	0.021	[49]
BTO	DIW	-	96	159	1900	-	[50]
BTO	BJ	2.21	37	113(Horizontal) 152.7(Vertical)	581.6(Horizontal) 698(Vertical)	-	[56]
KNN	SLA	4.32	96	-	1800-1900	0.2-0.3	[57]
PMN-PT	DLP	7.98	97.8	620	-	-	[58]
PZT	DLP	7	-	345	1390	0.021	[59]
KNN	DLP	4.09	92	170	2150	0.058	[60]
PZT-5H	DLP	7.35	96	600	2875	0.029	[61]
BTO	DLP	5.44	90	200	1965	0.017	[62]
PZT	IJP	-	(86±3)	-	190	0.05	[63]
BTO	DIW	3.93	65.3	200	4730	0.033	[64]
BTO	DIW	-	98	195	-	-	[65]
BTO	DIW	-	97.8	-	533	-	[66]
BTO	DIW	5.66	94	420	4380	0.02	[67]
PZT	FDM	7.7	-	664	3340	0.023	[68]

Fig. 5 Photos of BTO/HA piezoelectric ceramics fabricated by Binder Jetting (a) and SEM images of the sample after 24 h MC3T3-E1 cells incubation (b)[70], piezoelectric ceramics and piezoelectric composite materials fabricated by Digital Light Processing (c), the underwater acoustic testing device and the output voltage of the hydrophone under different acoustic excitation frequencies (d) [32], the photo of CPE sample (e) and the packaged ultrasound scanning equipment (f), and pig eye ultrasound imaging results (g)[74]

Fig. 6 Schematic (a) and picture (b) of piezoelectric sensor device[31]

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