Recent Advances in Carbon Nitride-based Nanomaterials for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution

doi:10.15541/jim20190436

Abstract

Abstract:

Graphitic-like carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), one of the most significant two-dimensional layered materials, has attracted worldwide attention in multidisciplinary areas such as photocatalysis, energy conversion and environmental pollution management. Its derivative compounds have also attracted multifarious attention owing to the intrinsic characters of their stable physicochemical properties, low cost and environmentally friendly features. This review focus on the design of high-performance g-C₃N₄-based nanomaterials and their potential for pollutant elimination in environmental pollution cleanup. Over the past few years, signi?cant advances have been achieved to synthesize g-C₃N₄ and g-C₃N₄-based nanomaterials, and their properties have been enhanced and characterized in detail. In this review, recent developments in the synthesis and modification of g-C₃N₄-based nanomaterials are summarized. The applications in heavy metal ions adsorption from wastewaters are gathered and their underlying reaction mechanisms are discussed. Finally, a summary and outlook are also briefly illustrated.

Key words: carbon nitride, adsorption, heavy metal ions, interaction mechanism, review

CLC Number:

X591

WANG Xiangxue, LI Xing, WANG Jiaqi, ZHU Hongtao. Recent Advances in Carbon Nitride-based Nanomaterials for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(3): 260-270.

Figures/Tables 5

References 61

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g-C₃N₄-based material	Adsorbate	(m/V)/(g·L^-1)	pH	C₀/(mg·L^-1)	Time/h	T/K	Q_max/(mg·g^-1)	Interaction mechanism	Ref.
g-C₃N₄	Pb(II)	3.0	3.5	20	1	298	282	Inner-sphere surface complexation	[46]
	Cu(II)						134
	Cd(II)						112
	Ni(II)						38
Coral reef-like g-C₃N₄	Pb(II)	0.2	5	10	2		720	Surface complexation	[31]
	Cd(II)		5				480
	As(V)		3				220
g-C₃N₄/β-CD	Pb(II)	0.3	5.5	10	20	298	101	Complexation and electrostatic interaction	[48]
S-g-C₃N₄	Pb(II)	0.2	4.5	10	2	298	53	Inner-sphere complexation	[52]
BCN NS	Pb(II)	0.4	7	108.0	0.7	298	211	Electrostatic interaction and molecular interaction	[53]
BCN NS	Hg(II)	0.4	7	307.8	0.7	298	625	Electrostatic interaction and molecular interaction	[53]
Fe₃O₄&g-C₃N₄	Pb(II)	1	6	200	1	298	424	Conjugation	[54]
GNS	Pb(II)	1	5.1		0.7		407	Ion exchange	[56]
GNS	Cd(II)	1	6.2		0.7		73	Ion exchange	[56]
2D-g-C₃N₄ nanosheets	Cd(II)	0.3	7	200	5	318.5	94	π-π conjugate interaction and electrostatic attraction	[57]
BCN	Cd(II)	2	5	11	0.2		159	Complexation	[59]
OM g-C₃N₄	U(VI)	0.2	4	10	1	298	150	Chemisorption	[32]
l-C₃N₄/PDA/PEI₃	U(VI)	0.5	5	40	10	298	101	Inner-sphere complexation and surface co-precipitation	[49]

g-C₃N₄-based material	Adsorbate	(m/V)/(g·L^-1)	pH	C₀/(mg·L^-1)	Time/h	T/K	Q_max/(mg·g^-1)	Interaction mechanism	Ref.
g-C₃N₄	Pb(II)	3.0	3.5	20	1	298	282	Inner-sphere surface complexation	[46]
	Cu(II)						134
	Cd(II)						112
	Ni(II)						38
Coral reef-like g-C₃N₄	Pb(II)	0.2	5	10	2		720	Surface complexation	[31]
	Cd(II)		5				480
	As(V)		3				220
g-C₃N₄/β-CD	Pb(II)	0.3	5.5	10	20	298	101	Complexation and electrostatic interaction	[48]
S-g-C₃N₄	Pb(II)	0.2	4.5	10	2	298	53	Inner-sphere complexation	[52]
BCN NS	Pb(II)	0.4	7	108.0	0.7	298	211	Electrostatic interaction and molecular interaction	[53]
BCN NS	Hg(II)	0.4	7	307.8	0.7	298	625	Electrostatic interaction and molecular interaction	[53]
Fe₃O₄&g-C₃N₄	Pb(II)	1	6	200	1	298	424	Conjugation	[54]
GNS	Pb(II)	1	5.1		0.7		407	Ion exchange	[56]
GNS	Cd(II)	1	6.2		0.7		73	Ion exchange	[56]
2D-g-C₃N₄ nanosheets	Cd(II)	0.3	7	200	5	318.5	94	π-π conjugate interaction and electrostatic attraction	[57]
BCN	Cd(II)	2	5	11	0.2		159	Complexation	[59]
OM g-C₃N₄	U(VI)	0.2	4	10	1	298	150	Chemisorption	[32]
l-C₃N₄/PDA/PEI₃	U(VI)	0.5	5	40	10	298	101	Inner-sphere complexation and surface co-precipitation	[49]