Hydroxyapatite Whisker-reinforced Composite Scaffolds Through 3D Printing for Bone Repair

doi:10.15541/jim20160628

Abstract

Abstract:

Development of bioactive scaffolds with controllable architecture and high osteogenic capability is essential for bone tissue engineering. In this study, hydroxyapatite whiskers (HAPw) were added into polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix materials to fabricate scaffolds through 3D printing technique. The HAPw could distribute homogeneously in PCL and in alignment with 3D printing directions by adjusting squeeze parameters. The mechanical strength of PCL-HAPw composite scaffolds increased along with the increase of HAPw content. Adding 33wt% of HAPw remarkably enhanced the compressive strength of PCL scaffolds to 3 times, which can also lower the surface contact angles from 100° of PCL to 50° and thus enhance the surface hydrophilicity. In vitro culturing experiments of human bone marrow mesenchymal cells (hBMSCs) demonstrated that the incorporation of HAPw promoted their bioactive and osteogenic properties, including better cytocompatibility, cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-related gene expressions (OCN, RUNX2). Therefore, 3D-printed HAPw-PCL composite scaffolds showed improved mechanical strength and osteogenesis properties compared to pure PCL scaffolds, and suggest promising applications in bone regeneration.

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Key words: 3D printing, hydroxyapatite whiskers, scaffolds, bone regeneration

CLC Number:

TQ174

XIN Chen, QI Xin, ZHU Min, ZHAO Shi-Chang, ZHU Yu-Fang. Hydroxyapatite Whisker-reinforced Composite Scaffolds Through 3D Printing for Bone Repair[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2017, 32(8): 837-844.

Figures/Tables 11

Table1 Composite scaffold number and composition of printing paste

Samples	HAPw /g	HAPnp /g	PCL /g	CHCl₃ /mL	DMSO /mL
HAPnp-2PCL	0	0.5	1	3.8	0.2
HAPw-2PCL	0.5	0	1	3.8	0.2
HAPw-5PCL	0.2	0	1	3.8	0.2
HAPw-10PCL	0.1	0	1	3.8	0.2
PCL	0	0	1	3.8	0.2

Fig. 1 SEM images of HAPw at different magnifications

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of HAPw, PCL and HAPw-PCL scaffolds

Fig. 3 SEM images of 3D-printed PCL(A1,A2), HAPw-10PCL (B1,B2), HAPw-5PCL (C1,C2), HAPw-2PCL (D1,D2) and HAPnp-2PCL scaffolds

Fig. 4 Porosity of PLC, HAPw-PCL and HAPnp-PCL scaffold(*p<0.05 if compared with the PCL scaffold control)

Fig. 5 Compressive strength of the PCL, HAPw-PCL and HAPnp-PCL scaffold(*p<0.05 if compared with the PCL scaffold control)

Fig. 6 (A) Water contact angle of PCL scaffolds (first panel), HAPw-10PCL scaffolds (second panel), HAPw-5PCL scaffolds (third panel), HAPw-2PCL scaffolds (fourth panel), and HAPnp-2PCL. Ascending contact angles measured at varying times (0, 10, and 20 min), and (B) quantification of the contact angle with time

Fig. 7 Proliferation of hBMSCs on the PCL and HAPw-PCL scaffolds for 1, 3 and 7 d (*p<0.05 if compared with the PCL scaffold control)

Fig. 8 ALP activity of hBMSCs cultured on PCL and HAPw-PCL scaffolds for 7 and 14 d (*p<0.05 if compared with the PCL scaffold control)

Fig. 9 Osteogenic expression of ALP (A), OCN (B), RUNX2 (C) for hBMSCs cultured on the PCL and HAPw-PCL scaffolds by qRT-PCR analysis after 7 d and 14 d (*p < 0.05 if compared with the PCL scaffold control)

Fig. 10 ECM mineralization of hBMSCs on the PCL(A), HAPw-10PCL (B), HAPw-5PCL (C) and HAPw-2PCL (D) scaffolds after culturing for 21 d

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