Silicate Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Regeneration

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2013.12241

Abstract

Abstract:

Silicate bioceramics have received significant attention in the past several years. The main reason is that silicate bioceramics can efficiently stimulate the proliferation, differentiation and gene expression of tissue cells as well as the regeneration of bone tissue by release of Si-containing ionic products. Due to this significant advantage, silicate bioceramics, as a novel bioceramic system, have great potential to be widely used for repairing and regenerating bone tissues. In this paper, our researches in the past ten years are combined and the research advancements of silicate bioceramics are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of silicate bioceramics are summarized by comparing with conventional calcium phosphate bioceramics. Finally, a forward-looking perspective for silicate bioceramics on the applications of bone regeneration is also discussed.

Key words: silicate bioceramics, bone repair, calcium phosphate bioceramics, review

CLC Number:

TQ174

WU Cheng-Tie, CHANG Jiang. Silicate Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Regeneration[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2013, 28(1): 29-39.

Figures/Tables 10

References 105

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System	Names	Compositions	Synthesis methods	References
Binary oxides	CaO-SiO₂	Wollastonite Dicalcium silicate Tricalcium silicate	CaSiO₃ Ca₂SiO₄ Ca₃SiO₅	Eutectic Precipitation Sol-Gel	[8,14,18-24] [25-30] [31-35]
	MgO-SiO₂	Dimagnesium silicate Magnesium silicate	Mg₂SiO₄ MgSiO₃	Sol-Gel Precipitation	[36-43] [44]
	ZnO-SiO₂	Zinc silicate	Zn₂SiO₄	Solid reaction	[45]
	SrO-SiO₂	Strontium silicate	SrSiO₃	Precipitation	[46]
Ternary oxides	MgO-CaO-SiO₂	Akermanite Bredigite Diopside Merwinite Monticellite	Ca₂MgSi₂O₇ Ca₇MgSi₄O₁₆ CaMgSi₂O₆ Ca₃MgSi₂O₈ CaMgSiO₄	Sol-Gel Sol-Gel Precipitation Sol-Gel Sol-Gel	[47-57] [58-61] [51,62-65] [66-67] [68]
	ZnO-CaO-SiO₂	Hardystonite	Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ Zn_xCaSiO₃₊_x	Sol-Gel Sol-Gel	[69-71] [72]
	SrO-CaO-SiO₂	-	(Sr,Ca)SiO₃	Precipitation	[73-74]
	TiO₂-CaO-SiO₂	Sphene	CaTiSiO₅	Sol-Gel	[75-78]
	ZrO₂-CaO-SiO₂	Baghdadite	Ca₃ZrSi₂O₉	Sol-Gel	[79]
	P₂O₅-CaO-SiO₂	Silicocarnotite	Ca₅P₂SiO₁₂	Sol-Gel	[80]
	SrO-MgO-SiO₂	Strontium-akermanite	Sr₂MgSi₂O₇	Solid reaction
	SrO-ZnO-SiO₂	Strontium- hardystonite	Sr₂ZnSi₂O₇	Solid reaction
	Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂	-	CaNa₂SiO₄ Ca₂Na₂Si₃O₉	Sol-Gel Sol-Gel	[81] [82]
Multicompositions	SrO-ZnO-CaO-SiO₂	-	(Sr,Ca)₂ZnSi₂O₇	Sol-Gel	[83]

System	Names	Compositions	Synthesis methods	References
Binary oxides	CaO-SiO₂	Wollastonite Dicalcium silicate Tricalcium silicate	CaSiO₃ Ca₂SiO₄ Ca₃SiO₅	Eutectic Precipitation Sol-Gel	[8,14,18-24] [25-30] [31-35]
	MgO-SiO₂	Dimagnesium silicate Magnesium silicate	Mg₂SiO₄ MgSiO₃	Sol-Gel Precipitation	[36-43] [44]
	ZnO-SiO₂	Zinc silicate	Zn₂SiO₄	Solid reaction	[45]
	SrO-SiO₂	Strontium silicate	SrSiO₃	Precipitation	[46]
Ternary oxides	MgO-CaO-SiO₂	Akermanite Bredigite Diopside Merwinite Monticellite	Ca₂MgSi₂O₇ Ca₇MgSi₄O₁₆ CaMgSi₂O₆ Ca₃MgSi₂O₈ CaMgSiO₄	Sol-Gel Sol-Gel Precipitation Sol-Gel Sol-Gel	[47-57] [58-61] [51,62-65] [66-67] [68]
	ZnO-CaO-SiO₂	Hardystonite	Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ Zn_xCaSiO₃₊_x	Sol-Gel Sol-Gel	[69-71] [72]
	SrO-CaO-SiO₂	-	(Sr,Ca)SiO₃	Precipitation	[73-74]
	TiO₂-CaO-SiO₂	Sphene	CaTiSiO₅	Sol-Gel	[75-78]
	ZrO₂-CaO-SiO₂	Baghdadite	Ca₃ZrSi₂O₉	Sol-Gel	[79]
	P₂O₅-CaO-SiO₂	Silicocarnotite	Ca₅P₂SiO₁₂	Sol-Gel	[80]
	SrO-MgO-SiO₂	Strontium-akermanite	Sr₂MgSi₂O₇	Solid reaction
	SrO-ZnO-SiO₂	Strontium- hardystonite	Sr₂ZnSi₂O₇	Solid reaction
	Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂	-	CaNa₂SiO₄ Ca₂Na₂Si₃O₉	Sol-Gel Sol-Gel	[81] [82]
Multicompositions	SrO-ZnO-CaO-SiO₂	-	(Sr,Ca)₂ZnSi₂O₇	Sol-Gel	[83]

Names	Compositions	Bending strength /MPa	Fracture toughness /(MPa·m^1/2)	Elastic modulus /GPa	References
Human cortical bone	-	50-150	2-12	7-30	[3]
Hydroxyapatite	Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂	80-195	0.7-1.30	75-103	[84]
Wollastonite Dicalcium silicate Tricalcium silicate Calcium-Silicate/Zirconia	CaSiO₃ Ca₂SiO₄ Ca₃SiO₅ CaSiO₃/ZrO₂	95 294* 26-97 293* 93.4 395*	- 2.0* 1.1-1.8 3.0* 1.93 4.08*	- 46.5* 10-40 - 36.7 81*	[85] [86] [87] [30] [32] [88]
Dimagnesium silicate Magnesium silicate	Mg₂SiO₄ MgSiO₃	203 32	2.4 -	- 8.5	[36] [44]
Zinc silicate	Zn₂SiO₄	91	-	37.5	[45]
Akermanite Bredigite Diopside Merwinite Monticellite	Ca₂MgSi₂O₇ Ca₇MgSi₄O₁₆ CaMgSi₂O₆ Ca₃MgSi₂O₈ CaMgSiO₄	176 156 300 151 159	1.83 1.57 3.50 1.72 1.63	42 43 - 31 51	[48] [58] [63] [66] [68]
Hardystonite	Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇	136	1.37	37	[69]
Silicocarnotite	Ca₅P₂SiO₁₂	65	-	80	[80]

Names	Compositions	Bending strength /MPa	Fracture toughness /(MPa·m^1/2)	Elastic modulus /GPa	References
Human cortical bone	-	50-150	2-12	7-30	[3]
Hydroxyapatite	Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂	80-195	0.7-1.30	75-103	[84]
Wollastonite Dicalcium silicate Tricalcium silicate Calcium-Silicate/Zirconia	CaSiO₃ Ca₂SiO₄ Ca₃SiO₅ CaSiO₃/ZrO₂	95 294* 26-97 293* 93.4 395*	- 2.0* 1.1-1.8 3.0* 1.93 4.08*	- 46.5* 10-40 - 36.7 81*	[85] [86] [87] [30] [32] [88]
Dimagnesium silicate Magnesium silicate	Mg₂SiO₄ MgSiO₃	203 32	2.4 -	- 8.5	[36] [44]
Zinc silicate	Zn₂SiO₄	91	-	37.5	[45]
Akermanite Bredigite Diopside Merwinite Monticellite	Ca₂MgSi₂O₇ Ca₇MgSi₄O₁₆ CaMgSi₂O₆ Ca₃MgSi₂O₈ CaMgSiO₄	176 156 300 151 159	1.83 1.57 3.50 1.72 1.63	42 43 - 31 51	[48] [58] [63] [66] [68]
Hardystonite	Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇	136	1.37	37	[69]
Silicocarnotite	Ca₅P₂SiO₁₂	65	-	80	[80]

Names	Compositions	Mineralization ability
Wollastonite Dicalcium Silicate Tricalcium Silicate Bredigite	CaSiO₃ Ca₂SiO₄ Ca₃SiO₅ Ca₇MgSi₄O₁₆	★★★★★
Akermanite Merwinite Silicocarnotite	Ca₂MgSi₂O₇ Ca₃MgSi₂O₈ Ca₅P₂SiO₁₂	★★★★
Diopside Monticellite Baghdadite	CaMgSi₂O₆ CaMgSiO₄ Ca₃ZrSi₂O₉ (Sr,Ca)₂ZnSi₂O₇	★★★
Dimagnesium Silicate Magnesium Silicate Zinc Silicate Hardystonite Sphene Strontium-akermanite Strontium-hardystonite	Mg₂SiO₄ MgSiO₃ Zn₂SiO₄ Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇ CaTiSiO₅ Sr₂MgSi₂O₇ Sr₂ZnSi₂O₇	★