Contrastive Study on in Vitro Antibacterial Property and Biocompatibility of Three Clinical Pulp Capping Agents

doi:10.15541/jim20220465

Abstract

Abstract:

Pulp capping agents are effective materials which can preserve dental pulp and treat caries in different ways. It is urgently demanded to establish a guidance to select the appropriate pulp capping agents according to the conditions of pulp and cary requirements. In this work, morphology, composition, physical, and chemical properties of three commonly used clinical pulp capping agents, namely dental zinc oxide eugenol cement (ZnO), self-curing calcium hydroxide (Dycal), and light-curing calcium hydroxide (Calcimol), were studied. Their antibacterial, cytocompatibility and blood compatibility were evaluated. The results showed that ZnO was hydrophobic and its effective component, crystallized ZnO, could consistently release zinc ions, giving its alkaline environment to inhibit bacteria. Structure, morphology and components in Dycal were similar to those in Calcimol. However, its surface was more hydrophobic and its release amount of calcium ions was larger than that of Calcimol. It formed an alkaline micro-environment, thereby possessed good antibacterial ability and biocompatibility. Meanwhile, Calcimol was hydrophilic and convenient to operate, and released less metal ions. Due to its safe composition, Calciomol exhibited excellent biocompatibility but slightly weaker antibacterial property. Our results suggested that these comparative results might be a useful clinical guidance for selecting appropriate pulp capping agents according to the degree of caries and the health status of dental pulp to treat the caries.

Key words: pulp capping agent, microstructure characterization, antibacterial property, biocompatibility

CLC Number:

TQ174

XIE Jiaye, LI Liwen, ZHU Qiang. Contrastive Study on in Vitro Antibacterial Property and Biocompatibility of Three Clinical Pulp Capping Agents[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(12): 1449-1456.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 Content of the three samples

Sample		Components
ZnO		Zinc oxide powder Eugenol solution
Dycal	Paste A (13 g)	1,3-butanediol bis(salicylic acid) vinegar Zinc oxide Calcium phosphate Calcium tungstate Iron oxide pigment
Dycal	Paste B (11 g, with catalyst)	Calcium hydroxide N-ethyl-o/p-toluenesulfonamide Zinc oxide Iron dioxide Zinc stearate Iron oxide pigment
Calcimol		Urethane dimethacrylate Barium aluminosilicate Barium sulfonate; Silica Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate Calcium hydroxide

Fig. 1 SEM images (a) and EDS results (b) of three samples

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of (a) ZnO, (b) Dycal and (c) Calcimol

Fig. 3 (a) Surface contact angles and (b) pH of surface solution of the samples

Fig. 4 Immersion time dependence of (a) Ca and (b) Zn ion amounts in pure water containing ZnO, Dycal and Calcimol

Fig. 5 Antibacterial ability of all samples on E.coli and S.aureus (a) Cell viability; (b) Photos of bacterial colony; (c) Photos of antibacterial ring

Table 2 Comparisons on physicochemical and biological properties of clinical three common pulp capping agents

Property	ZnO	Dycal	Calcimol
Morphology	Smooth surface	Smooth surface	Porous
Element	C, O, Zn	C, O, Ca, Zn	C, O, Ca
Water contact angle	90°	75°	22°
pH	6.66	9.16	7.90
Antibacteria effect/%	92.6	84.5	82.7
HDPSCs activity/%	6.82	44.54	137.87
Hemolysis ratio/%	8.14	0.99	1.42

Fig. 6 Biocompatibility of ZnO, Dycal and Calcimol samples (a) HDPSCs viability; (b) Hemolysis ratio

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