Electrophoretic Coating of Magnesium Oxide on Microarc-oxidized Titanium and Its Biological Properties

doi:10.15541/jim20230198

Abstract

Abstract:

Titanium orthopaedic implants present a risk of infection and require the development of antibacterial, but still biocompatible and non-resistant coatings. Magnesium oxide (MgO) coatings were prepared on micro-arc oxidized titanium by electrophoretic deposition for 15, 30, 45, or 60 s. Nano-sized MgO particles agglomerated to form homogeneous coatings with surface coverage increasing with the duration of deposition. The four groups produced antibacterial rates of 1%, 69%, 83%, and 84% after co-cultured with S. aureus for 6 h, and 81%, 86%, 89%, and 98% after co-cultured for 24 h. Electron and fluorescence microscopies showed decreasing density of bacterial cells and proportion of living cells with increasing time of deposition. Mouse osteoblasts seeded on the four groups had survival rates of 108%, 89%, 53%, and 27% on day 1, and 139%, 117%, 112%, and 66% on day 5. Proportion of dead cells on the coated samples increased with increasing time of deposition but less than 5% on day 5. These results indicate that MgO coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition for 30 s is reasonable in vitro antibacterial activities and cytocompatibility.

Key words: titanium, implant, antibacterial, micro-arc oxidation, magnesium oxide, electrophoretic deposition

CLC Number:

R318

DU Jiaheng, FAN Xinli, XIAO Dongqin, YIN Yiran, LI Zhong, HE Kui, DUAN Ke. Electrophoretic Coating of Magnesium Oxide on Microarc-oxidized Titanium and Its Biological Properties[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(12): 1441-1448.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 (a, b) Low and high-power SEM images of nano-MgO powder used and (c) variation of turbidity of nano-MgO/acetone suspension with time

Fig. 2 SEM images of samples MAO at low (a) and high (b) magnification ratios; (c) MAO-MgO15; (d) MAO-MgO30; (e) MAO-MgO45; (f) MAO-MgO60

Fig. 3 (a) EDS spectra and (b) Mg mappings of samples All scale bars: 40 μm

Fig. 4 Sectional SEM images and Mg mappings of samples (a, e) MAO-MgO15; (b, f) MAO-MgO30; (c, g) MAO-MgO45; (d, h) MAO-MgO60

Fig. 5 XRD patterns of samples

Fig. 6 Cumulative release of Mg2+ from samples (a) MAO-MgO15; (b) MAO-MgO30; (c) MAO-MgO45; (d) MAO-MgO60

Fig. 7 (a) Representative photographs of colonies formed on samples after co-cultured with S. aureus for 24 h, and (b) antibacterial rates Numbers 2, 3 and 4 indicating MAO vs. MAO-MgO30, MAO-MgO45, MAO-MgO60, respectively (p<0.05)

Fig. 8 Micrographs of samples after Live/Dead fluorescent staining on co-cultured S. aureus for 24 h Red pixels: Dead S. aureus cells; Green pixels: Alive S. aureus cells; All scale bars: 100 μm

Fig. 9 SEM micrographs of samples (a) MAO and (b-e) MAO-MgO15 to MAO-MgO60 after co-culture with S. aureus for 24 h; Red arrows pointing to S. aureus cells

Fig. 10 Viability of rat osteoblasts after co-culture on samples for 1, 3 and 5 d Numbers 3, 4 and 5 indicating MAO vs. MAO-MgO30, MAO-MgO45, MAO-MgO60, respectively (p<0.05)

Fig. 11 Images of samples after Live/Dead fluorescent staining on co-cultured rat osteoblasts for 5 d Red pixels: Dead cells; Green pixels: Alive cells; All scale bars: 100 μm

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