Effects of Surface Wettability of Titanium Oxide Coatings on Osteoimmunomodulatory Properties

doi:10.15541/jim20230242

Abstract

Abstract:

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used as hard tissue implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibilities. However, the lack of biological activity on its surface and the inflammatory reaction after implantation can easily lead to unsatisfactory osseointegration. In this work, the wettability of titanium oxide coatings was modulated by annealing in different atmospheres, and the effects of surface wettability on polarization of macrophages and osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs were studied. The results showed that, compared to the hydrophilic titanium oxide coating (~10º, PEO-A), the titanium oxide coating with contact angle about 90º (PEO-A-V) inhibited the polarization of macrophages towards M1 pro-inflammatory direction under the mono-culture condition. However, under the co-culture condition, the titanium oxide coating with contact angle about 90º promoted macrophage polarization towards M2 and significantly upregulated gene expressions of osteogenic markers related to mBMSCs, indicating better immunomodulatory effects on osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs.

Key words: surface wettability, titanium oxide coating, annealing, osteoimmunomodulatory effect

CLC Number:

R318

SHANGGUAN Li, NIE Xiaoshuang, YE Kuicai, CUI Yuanyuan, QIAO Yuqin. Effects of Surface Wettability of Titanium Oxide Coatings on Osteoimmunomodulatory Properties[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(12): 1457-1565.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1 Primers for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)

Gene	Primer sequence (F: forward; R: Reverse; 5ʹ-3ʹ)
Arg1	F: GCC AGG GAC TGA CTA CCT TAA R: AGT TCT GTC TGC TTT GCT GTG
IL4	F: TCA TCC TGC TCT TCT TTC TCG R: CTT CTC CTG TGA CCT CGT TCA
CD206	F: AGG GAA GAG AAG AAG ATC CAG R: TGG GAG AAG ATG AAG TCA AAC
TNF-α	F: TAG CCA GGA GGG AGA ACA GA R: CCA GTG AGT GAA AGG GAC AGA
IL6	F: ACC AAG ACC ATC CAA TTC ATC R: CTG ACC ACA GTG AGG AAT GTC
CD86	F: TCT CCA ACA GCC TCT CTC TTT R: ATC TTC ATT GAC TCC GTT TCC
OCN	F: ACC GCC TAC AAA CGC ATC TA R: AGA GGA CAG GGA GGA TCA AGT
OPN	F: CTT GAG CAT TCC AAA GAG AGC R: CTT GTG GCT GTG AAA CTT GTG
BMP2	F: TAA GTT CTG TCC CCA GTG ACG R: TTC GGT GCT GGA AAC TAC TGT
TGF-β1	F: AAC CAA GGA GAC GGA ATA CA R: CGT GGA GTT TGT TAT CTT TGC
Runx2	F: GCA GCA CGC TAT TAA ATC CAA R: GCC AAA CAG ACT CAT CCA TTC

Fig. 1 (a) Surface morphologies, (b) element compositions, (c) phase compositions, (d) electrochemical polarization curves, and (e) water contact angles of the samples Coloful figures are available on website

Fig. 2 Proliferation of Raw264.7 incubated on different samples for 1 and 4 d Data are presented as the mean±SD, n = 3. ****: p < 0.0001 Coloful figures are available on website

Fig. 3 Morphologies of Raw264.7 cultured on different samples for 4 h, 1 d and 4 d

Fig. 4 Relative mRNA levels of inflammatory genes of Raw264.7 incubated on different samples for 4 d (a) Arg-1; (b) IL-4; (c) CD206; (d) TNF-α; (e) IL-6; (f) CD86 Data are presented as the mean±SD, n = 3. ****: p <0.0001; ***: p <0.001; **: 0.05< p <0.01 Coloful figures areavailable on website

Fig. 5 Cell proliferation of mBMSCs incubated on different samples for different time Data are presented as the mean±SD, n = 3. ****: p <0.0001; **: 0.05< p <0.01; *: p<0.05 Coloful figures areavailable on website

Fig. 6 Cytoskeleton staining of mBMSCs incubated on different samples for 4, 12 and 24 h

Fig. 7 Relative mRNA levels of osteogenic genes of mBMSCs cultured on different samples for 10 d (a) OPN; (b) Runx2; (c) OCN; (d) BMP2 Data are presented as the mean±SD, n = 3. ****: p <0.0001; ***: p <0.001; **: 0.05< p <0.01; *: p <0.05

Fig. 8 Relative mRNA levels of inflammatory genes of Raw264.7 co-cultured with mBMSCs on different samples for 3 d (a) Arg-1; (b) IL-4; (c) CD206; (d) TNF-α; (e) IL-6; (f) CD86 Data are presented as mean±SD, n = 3. ****: p <0.0001; ***: p <0.001; **: 0.05< p <0.01; *: p <0.05

Fig. 9 Relative mRNA levels of osteogenic genes of mBMSCs co-cultured with Raw264.7 on different samples for 3 d (a) OPN; (b) TGF-β1; (c) OCN; (d) BMP2 Data are presented as the mean±SD, n = 3. ****: p <0.0001; ***: p <0.001; **: 0.05< p <0.01; *: p <0.05

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