Sintering Behavior and Electrical Conductivity of Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 with Li2O Additives

doi:10.15541/jim20140452

Abstract

Abstract:

Cerium oxide-based materials are the most widely used electrolyte material for low-intermediate temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). In this study, the interaction between Li₂O and CeO₂ was calculated based on density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that the sintering of CeO₂ was positively affected by Li₂O. Based on this result, the actual sintering process of Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.95(GDC) with different concentration (0-5mol%) of Li₂O additive was characterized through the sintering behavior and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The electrochemical performance was also being investigated simultaneously. The results show that the initial shrinkage temperature shifted to lower temperature significantly, and the temperature of the highest shrinkage rate also decreased with the increasing of the Li₂O additive content. The shrinking of GDC with 2.5mol% Li₂O started at 650 ℃, and the GDC electrolyte with higher than 99% relative density was obtained at a low sintering temperature of 900 ℃. The total electrical conductivity of GDC was improved with Li₂O additive. Meanwhile, the open circuit voltage of the corresponding single cell maintained nearly the same with pure GDC. These preliminary results indicate that Li₂O is a very effective sintering aid for cerium oxide-based electrolyte in SOFC.

Key words: cerium oxide-based electrolyte, sintering aid, solid oxide fuel cell

CLC Number:

TQ174

YANG Zhi-Bin, ZHU Teng-Long, XIANG Wen-Long, YU Li-An, HAN Min-Fang. Sintering Behavior and Electrical Conductivity of Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.95 with Li₂O Additives[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(4): 345-350.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Calculation results optimized by BP86/TZVPP and TPSS/TZVPP (in brackets)

Fig. 2 Possible structures included 2CeO2+3Li2O and 2CeO2+ 4Li2O optimized by BP86/TZVPP and TPSS/TZVPP (in brackets)

Fig. 3 Sintering property of nmol% (n=0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0) Li2O-GDC

Fig. 4 Relationship between relative density and sintering temperatures of nmol% (n=0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0) Li2O-GDC

Table 1 The temperature of initial shrinkage and the highest shrink rate of Li2O-GDC

Temperature/℃	GDC	0.5mol%Li₂O-GDC	1.5mol%Li₂O-GDC	2.5mol%Li₂O-GDC	5mol%Li₂O-GDC
Initial shrinkage	1000	700	670	650	600
Highest shrink rate	1175	1170	920	800	750

Table 2 The lowest densification temperature of nmol% (n=0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0) Li2O-GDC

	GDC	0.5mol%Li₂O-GDC	1.5mol%Li₂O-GDC	2.5mol%Li₂O-GDC	5mol%Li₂O-GDC
Densification temperature/℃	1400	1400	1250	900	850

Fig. 5 Microstructure of nmol% (n=1.5, 2.5, 5.0) Li2O-GDC sintered at the lowest densification transition temperature Surface and cross section of 5mol%Li2O-GDC (a, b), 2.5mol%Li2O-GDC (c, d), 1.5mol%Li2O-GDC(e, f)

Fig. 6 Relationship of electrical conductivity with temperature of nmol% (n=0, 2.5, 5.0) Li2O-GDC samples

Table 3 OCV of NiO-GDC/2.5mol%Li2O-GDC/LSCF cell

Temperature/℃	2.5mol%Li₂O-GDC-900 ℃/V	GDC-1400℃/V
550	0.883	0.889
600	0.879	0.877
650	0.866	0.857
700	0.843	0.841

References 20

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Sintering Behavior and Electrical Conductivity of Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.95 with Li₂O Additives

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