高储能密度聚合物基多层复合电介质的研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20220343

无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 137-147.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220343

高储能密度聚合物基多层复合电介质的研究进展

谢兵¹(), 蔡金峡¹, 王铜铜¹, 刘智勇¹, 姜胜林², 张海波³

1.南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院, 南昌 330063
2.华中科技大学光学与电子信息学院, 武汉 430074
3.华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院, 武汉 430074

收稿日期:2022-06-19 修回日期:2022-09-21 出版日期:2023-02-20 网络出版日期:2022-10-28
作者简介:谢兵(1983-), 男, 博士, 副教授. E-mail: xieb@nchu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52162018);中国航空科学基金(2020Z056056001);江西省杰出青年基金(20224ACB214007);南昌航空大学研究生创新专项基金(YC2022-s703)

Research Progress of Polymer-based Multilayer Composite Dielectrics with High Energy Storage Density

XIE Bing¹(), CAI Jinxia¹, WANG Tongtong¹, LIU Zhiyong¹, JIANG Shenglin², ZHANG Haibo³

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
2. School of Optics and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2022-06-19 Revised:2022-09-21 Published:2023-02-20 Online:2022-10-28
About author:XIE Bing (1983-), male, PhD, associate professor. E-mail: xieb@nchu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52162018);Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2020Z056056001);Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224ACB214007);Innovation Special Foundation for Graduate Students of Nanchang Hangkong University(YC2022-s703)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

薄膜电容器是现代电力装置与电子设备的核心电子元件, 受限于薄膜介质材料的介电常数偏低, 当前薄膜电容器难以获得高储能密度(指有效储能密度, 即可释放电能密度), 从而导致薄膜电容器体积偏大, 应用成本过高。将具有高击穿场强的聚合物与高介电常数的纳米陶瓷颗粒复合, 制备聚合物/陶瓷复合电介质, 是实现薄膜电容器高储能密度的有效策略。对于单层结构的0-3型聚合物/陶瓷复合电介质, 其介电常数与击穿场强难以同时获得有效提升, 限制了储能密度的进一步提高。为了解决此矛盾, 研究者们叠加组合高介电常数的复合膜与高击穿场强的复合膜, 制备了2-2型多层复合电介质, 能够协同调控极化强度与击穿场强来获取高储能密度。研究表明, 调控多层复合电介质的介观结构与微观结构, 可以实现优化电场分布、协同调控介电常数与击穿场强等目标。本文综述了近年来包括陶瓷/聚合物和全有机聚合物在内的多层聚合物基复合电介质的研究进展，重点阐述了多层结构调控策略对储能性能的提升作用，总结了聚合物基多层复合电介质的储能性能增强机制, 并讨论了当前多层复合电介质面临的挑战和发展方向。

关键词: 薄膜电容器, 多层聚合物基复合电介质, 介电常数, 击穿场强, 储能密度, 综述

Abstract:

Film capacitors are the core electronic components of modern power devices and electronic equipment. However, due to the low dielectric constant, it is difficult to obtain high energy storage density (effective energy storage density or discharged energy density) for present film capacitors, leading to a large device size and high application cost. To improve the energy storage density of film capacitors, a nanocomposite approach is an effective strategy via combining high dielectric constant of the ceramic nanoparticles with high breakdown strength of the polymer matrix. Nevertheless, for single-layer structure of 0-3 polymer/ceramic composites, the dielectric constant and breakdown strength are difficult to be effectively enhanced at the same time, which limits the further improvement of energy storage density. To solve this contradiction, researchers have combined the composite film with high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength in a superposition to prepare 2-2 type multilayer composite dielectrics, which can achieve synergistic regulation of polarization strength and breakdown strength to obtain high energy storage density. The optimization of electric field distribution and the synergistic regulation of dielectric constant and breakdown strength can be achieved through mesoscopic and microstructural modulation of multilayer composite dielectrics. In this paper, the research progress of multilayer polymer-based composite dielectrics including ceramic/polymer multilayer structure and all-organic polymer multilayer structure in recent years is reviewed. Effect of multi-layer structure control strategy on the improvement of energy storage performance is emphasized. Moreover, enhancement mechanism of energy storage performance of polymer-based multilayer structure composite dielectric is summarized. Finally, challenges and development directions of multilayer composite dielectrics are discussed.

Key words: film capacitor, multilayer polymer-based composite dielectric, dielectric constant, breakdown strength, energy storage density, review

中图分类号:

TQ174

谢兵, 蔡金峡, 王铜铜, 刘智勇, 姜胜林, 张海波. 高储能密度聚合物基多层复合电介质的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(2): 137-147.

XIE Bing, CAI Jinxia, WANG Tongtong, LIU Zhiyong, JIANG Shenglin, ZHANG Haibo. Research Progress of Polymer-based Multilayer Composite Dielectrics with High Energy Storage Density[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(2): 137-147.

图/表 7

图1 PVDF基复合材料及三明治结构BT/PVDF复合材料[28]

Fig. 1 PVDF-based composites and sandwich-structured BT/PVDF composites[28] (a) Electric field distribution simulation diagram; (b) Breakdown field strength; (c) COMSOL multi-physics field simulation; (d, e) Energy density

图2 BT@HPC/PVDF复合材料[27]

Fig. 2 BT@HPC/PVDF composite[27] (a, b1) Schematic diagram of preparation and space charge polarization distribution of BT@HPC/PVDF composites; (b2) Microcapacitor networks constructed by BT@HPC; (b3) Generated space charge region (SCR) surrounding BT@HPC in the PVDF matrix; (b4) Space charge regions in single-layer structural composites; (b5) Three-layer structural composites; (c) Weibull breakdown distribution; (d) Discharged energy density Colorful figures are available on website

图3 全有机PMMA/P(VDF-HFP)复合膜的制备示意图、SEM截面图以及放电能量密度和充放电效率[35]

Fig. 3 Schematic preparation of all-organic PMMA/P(VDF-HFP) films, cross-sectional SEM image, discharged energy density, and charge-discharge efficiency[35] (a) Schematic illustration of PMMA/P(VDF-HFP) films; (b) SEM cross-sectional image; (c) Discharged energy density; (d) Charge-discharge efficiency

图4 以PVDF/BNNS为外层, PVDF/BST为中间层的三层复合薄膜[26]

Fig. 4 Three-layer composite film with PVDF/BNNS as the outer layer and PVDF/BST as the middle layer[26] (a) Structure schematic; (b) Weibull plots for the trilayer-structured nanocomposites indicating the failure distribution; (c) The development of electrical trees in the trilayer-structured nanocomposites with different BST NW contents at 550 MV·m−1; (d) Weibull breakdown strength and maximum electrical displacement; (e) Discharged energy density

图5 非对称LTN结构多层复合材料的介电储能性能[45]

Fig. 5 Dielectric energy storage properties of multilayer composites with asymmetric LTN structure[45] (a) Dielectric energy storage properties of multilayer composites with asymmetric LTN structure; (b) Weibull breakdown distribution; (c) Derived breakdown strength; (d) Discharged energy density; (e) Charge-discharge efficiency (b, d, e) E/F in volume fraction

图6 梯度结构BaTiO3/PVDF纳米复合材料(GLN)[46]

Fig. 6 Gradient-structured BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites (GLN)[46] (a) Electric field distribution and growth of breakdown channels; (b) Average electric field in each layer of GLNs; (c) Electric field gap at different interfaces and average electric field in the GLN sample; (d, e) Discharged energy density and charge-discharge efficiency

图7 P(VDF-HFP)/BT纳米复合材料以及P(VDF-HFP)-P(VDF-HFP)/BT多层纳米复合材料[48]

Fig. 7 P(VDF-HFP)/BT nanocomposites and P(VDF-HFP)-P(VDF-HFP)/BT multilayer nanocomposites[48] (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation; (b) SEM image of P(VDF-HFP)-10% BTO; (c, d) Polarization interface ions and induced depolarization and phase field simulation of multilayer nanocomposites; (e) Breakdown strength of multilayer composites and control group; (f) Discharged energy density of different types of composites

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高储能密度聚合物基多层复合电介质的研究进展

Research Progress of Polymer-based Multilayer Composite Dielectrics with High Energy Storage Density

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