二维C/SiC-ZrC复合材料的低速冲击损伤研究

doi:10.15541/jim20200138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过二维C/SiC-ZrC复合材料的低速冲击、冲击后拉伸试验以及CT扫描方法, 研究了不同冲击能量对材料冲击损伤特征及拉伸性能的影响。结果表明C/SiC-ZrC复合材料具有较高的冲击损伤容限, 在15~24 J能量范围内的损伤状态主要表现为穿透损伤。随着冲击能量的增大, 材料名义拉伸强度的下降趋于平缓, 最大降幅约为25%。冲击主要造成冲击区域附近的复合材料发生分层和纤维断裂损伤, 冲击区域以外未发生明显的损伤和破坏。

关键词: C/SiC-ZrC, 复合材料, 冲击, 剩余拉伸强度

Abstract:

The effects of impact energy on damage characteristics and tensile properties of 2D C/SiC-ZrC composites were studied by low-speed impact, post-impact tensile tests and the CT scanning methods. The results indicated that C/SiC-ZrC composites had a high impact damage tolerance. The damage state of the composites in the energy range of 15-24 J was mainly shown as penetrating damage. When the impact energy increased within the range of 15-24 J, the nominal tensile strength of C/SiC-ZrC composites reduced slowly, with a maximum decrease of around 25%. The impact mainly caused lamination and fiber fracture damage near the impact areas. However, the impact damage was not observed out of the impact areas.

Key words: C/SiC-ZrC, ceramic matrix composites, impact, residual tensile strength

中图分类号:

TB332

皮慧龙, 张宝鹏, 于新民, 刘伟, 金鑫. 二维C/SiC-ZrC复合材料的低速冲击损伤研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(12): 1327-1332.

PI Huilong, ZHANG Baopeng, YU Xinmin, LIU Wei, JIN Xin. Damage Characteristics of 2D C/SiC-ZrC Composites under Low Velocity Impact[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(12): 1327-1332.

图/表 12

图1 试样形状和尺寸示意图

Fig. 1 Shape and size of the specimen

图2 试样应力分布云图

Fig. 2 Stress distribution of the specimen

表1 低速冲击试验条件

Table 1 Experimental conditions of the low velocity impact

No.	Mass/kg	Height/cm	Impact energy/J	(Energy /Thickness) /(J·mm^-1)
1	3.5	0	0	0
2		43.7	15	2.5
3		52.5	18	3.0
4		61.2	21	3.5
5		70.0	24	4.0

图3 C/SiC-ZrC复合材料的截面微观形貌

Fig. 3 Cross-sectional microstructure of the C/SiC-ZrC composite

图4 冲击试验后C/SiC-ZrC复合材料正面(a,c,e,g)及背面(b,d,f,h)的宏观形貌

Fig. 4 Front and back macrographs of the C/SiC-ZrC composites after impact (a, b) 15 J, (c, d) 18 J, (e, f) 21 J, (g, h) 24 J

图5 冲击试验后材料正面的微观形貌

Fig. 5 Front micrographs of the composites after impact (a) 15 J; (b) 18 J; (c) 21 J; (d) 24 J

表2 冲击后复合材料的损伤尺寸及残余拉伸强度

Table 2 Damage sizes and residual tensile strength of the composites after impact

Impact energy/J	Front damage area/mm²	Front damage depth/mm	Back damage area/mm²	Back damage height/mm	Residual tensile strength /MPa
0	—	—	—	—	218.0
15	50.0	0.78	120.9	1.00	178.9
18	95.3	1.66	173.7	1.90	170.7
21	103.5	2.06	258.3	2.40	167.8
24	135.5	2.66	277.3	4.92	165.6

图6 不同能量冲击后材料的损伤面积

Fig. 6 Damage areas of the composites after impact under various energies levels

图7 不同能量冲击后材料的正面凹坑深度及背面凸起高度

Fig. 7 Depth and height of the damage areas for the composites after impact with different energies

图8 不同能量冲击后材料的拉伸强度

Fig. 8 Tensile strength of the composites after impact with different energies

图9 冲击能量为24 J时拉伸后试样的(a)表面及(b)截面形貌照片

Fig. 9 Surface (a) and cross-section (b) morphologies of the composite after impact (with energy of 24 J) and tensile tests

图10 冲击能量为24 J时拉伸后试样内部的(a) XY平面及(b) XZ平面CT扫描结果

Fig. 10 CT scanning results of (a) XY and (b) XZ planes of the composite afte impact (with energy of 24 J) and tensile tests

参考文献 17

[1]	YANG F Y, ZHANG X H, HAN J C, et al. Ablation mechanism of ZrB₂-SiC and C_f/ZrB₂-SiC ultra-high temperature ceramic composites. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2008,23(4):734-738. DOI URL
[2]	SUN T C, YU X M, WANG T, et al. Preparation and anti-ablation property of C/SiC composites modified by zirconium element. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2015,45(4):35-39.
[3]	NASLAIN R. Design, preparation and properties of non-oxide CMCs for application in engines and nuclear reactors: an overview. Compo. Sci. Technol., 2004,64(2):155-170. DOI URL
[4]	陈华辉, 邓海金, 李明, 等. 现代复合材料. 北京: 中国物资出版社, 1998.
[5]	BATRA R C, GOPINATH G, ZHENG J Q. Damage and failure in low energy impact of fiber-reinforced polymeric composite laminates. Compos. Struct., 2012,94:540-547. DOI URL
[6]	DONADON V M, IANNUCCI L, FALZON B G, et al. A progressive failure model for composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact damage. Comput. Struct., 2008,86(11/12):1232-1252. DOI URL
[7]	TIBERKAK R, BACHENE M, RECHAK S, et al. Damage prediction in composites plates subjected to low velocity impact. Compos. Struct., 2008,83:73-82. DOI URL
[8]	KIM E H, RIM M S, LEE I, et al. Composite damage model based on continuum damage mechanics and low velocity impact analysis of composite plates. Compos. Struct., 2013,95:123-134. DOI URL
[9]	TRABANDT U, ESSER B, KOCH D, et al. Ceramic matrix composites life cycle testing under reusable launcher environmental conditions. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2005,2(2):150-161. DOI URL
[10]	TRABANDT U, FISCHER W, GUELHAN A, et al. Improvement of Lifetime Performance of Removable TPS and Hot Structures. 9th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference, 2006: 1-10.
[11]	YAO L J, LI Z S, CHENG Q Y, et al. Damage behavior of 2D C/SiC composites under low velocity impact. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2010,25(3):311-314. DOI URL
[12]	YAO L J, WANG J S, ZHANG L, et al. Damage characteristics of 2D C/SiC composites under low velocity impact. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2013,35(2):148-151.
[13]	CHEN X, LI Y L, ZENG Z, et al. The compressive and tensile behavior of of a 0/90 fiber woven composite at high strain rates. Carbon, 2013,61(5):97-104. DOI URL
[14]	XUAN C, LI Y L, SHI C S, et al. The dynamic tensile properties of 2D-C/SiC composites at elevated temperatures. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015,79:75-82. DOI URL
[15]	LI Y L, SUO T, LIU M S. Influence of the strain rate on the mechanical behavior of the 3D needle-punched C/SiC composites. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2009,507(1):6-12.
[16]	TOU L X, WANG Q C, CHEN G Y. Analysis on low velocity impact performance and damage behavior of carbon fiber composite beam. Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, 2016,33(7):815-821.
[17]	CUI H P, WEN W D, CUI H T. Advances of study on low velocity impact damaged and residual strength of composite laminates. Journal of Materials Science & Engineering, 2005,23(3):466-472.