Al2O3-TiCp复相陶瓷激光定向能量沉积直接增材制造

doi:10.15541/jim20230013

无机材料学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 1183-1192.DOI: 10.15541/jim20230013 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20230013

所属专题：【制备方法】3D打印(202409)

Al₂O₃-TiC_p复相陶瓷激光定向能量沉积直接增材制造

吴东江¹(), 赵紫渊¹, 于学鑫¹, 马广义¹, 由竹琳², 任冠辉³^,⁴, 牛方勇¹()

1.大连理工大学高性能精密制造全国重点实验室, 大连 116024
2.中国人民解放军95939部队, 沧州 061736
3.深圳市鑫金泉精密技术股份有限公司研发部, 深圳 518055
4.山东大学机械工程学院, 济南 250061

收稿日期:2023-01-09 修回日期:2023-03-06 出版日期:2023-10-20 网络出版日期:2023-03-09
通讯作者: 牛方勇, 副教授. E-mail: niufangyong@dlut.edu.cn
作者简介:吴东江(1964-), 男, 教授. E-mail: djwudut@dlut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52175291);医工交叉联合基金(DUT22YG210);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(DUT22LAB117);深圳市技术攻关重点项目(JSGG20210420091802007)

Direct Additive Manufacturing of Al₂O₃-TiC_p Composite Ceramics by Laser Directed Energy Deposition

WU Dongjiang¹(), ZHAO Ziyuan¹, YU Xuexin¹, MA Guangyi¹, YOU Zhulin², REN Guanhui³^,⁴, NIU Fangyong¹()

1. State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2. Unit 95939 of PLA, Cangzhou 061736, China
3. R&D Department, Shenzhen Xinjinquan Precision Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, China
4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China

Received:2023-01-09 Revised:2023-03-06 Published:2023-10-20 Online:2023-03-09
Contact: NIU Fangyong, associate professor. E-mail: niufangyong@dlut.edu.cn
About author:WU Dongjiang (1964-), male, professor. E-mail: djwudut@dlut.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175291);Medical and Industrial Cross Joint Fund(DUT22YG210);Basic Research Funds for Central Universities(DUT22LAB117);Shenzhen Technology Key Project(JSGG20210420091802007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Al₂O₃-TiC_p(AT)复相陶瓷材料以其优异的综合力学性能而被广泛用作金属切削刀具材料。针对AT材料传统烧结方法在能耗及周期方面的局限, 本工作利用激光定向能量沉积技术开展了AT复相陶瓷材料直接增材制造的研究, 系统探讨了不同TiC_p比例对复相陶瓷材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明TiC_p颗粒均匀分布在成型样件的基体中, 掺杂TiC_p细化了Al₂O₃晶粒。同时, 由于TiC_p与Al₂O₃基体的热膨胀失配引起裂纹出现偏转、贯穿颗粒等现象, 消耗了裂纹扩展能量, 进而有效抑制了AT材料直接增材过程中的裂纹扩展行为。掺杂TiC_p颗粒对熔池形成冲击, 在一定程度上加快了气体的逸出速率, 进而提高了材料的相对密度。但TiC_p含量过高将加剧其与Al₂O₃基体在高温时的化学反应, 生成的气体使复合材料中出现较大气孔并降低了材料部分力学性能。TiC_p质量分数为30%的复合材料的相对密度达到96.64%、平均显微硬度达到21.07 GPa和断裂韧性达到4.29 MPa·m^1/2。

关键词: 复相陶瓷, 增材制造, 激光定向能量沉积, 微观结构, 力学性能

Abstract:

Al₂O₃-TiC_p (AT) composites are frequently used as materials for metal cutting tools due to their superior mechanical properties. However, conventional sintering methods for AT materials have limitations in terms of energy consumption and cycle time. Therefore, in this study, direct additive manufacturing of AT composite ceramic materials was investigated using laser directed energy deposition technology. Effects of different TiC_pratios on the microstructure and mechanical properties of composite ceramic materials were explored. The results demonstrate that TiC_p particles are uniformly distributed throughout the matrix of the fabricated samples, leading to refinement of Al₂O₃ grains. Stress induced by mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficients of TiC_p and the Al₂O₃ matrix causes cracks to deflect and penetrates the particles, which consumes the crack extension energy and effectively suppresses the cracks in AT materials. Additionally, doping TiC_p particles affects the molten pool by increasing the gas escape rate and improving the material density. However, high TiC_p content aggravates the reaction with Al₂O₃ at high temperature, resulting in generation of gas and large pores in the composite material, which reduces the mechanical properties. Composites with TiC_p mass fraction of 30% exhibit the best mechanical properties, with a relative density of 96.64%, microhardness and fracture toughness of 21.07 GPa and 4.29 MPa·m^1/2.

Key words: composite ceramic, additive manufacturing, laser directed energy deposition, microstructure, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TQ174

吴东江, 赵紫渊, 于学鑫, 马广义, 由竹琳, 任冠辉, 牛方勇. Al₂O₃-TiC_p复相陶瓷激光定向能量沉积直接增材制造[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(10): 1183-1192.

WU Dongjiang, ZHAO Ziyuan, YU Xuexin, MA Guangyi, YOU Zhulin, REN Guanhui, NIU Fangyong. Direct Additive Manufacturing of Al₂O₃-TiC_p Composite Ceramics by Laser Directed Energy Deposition[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(10): 1183-1192.

图/表 16

图1 不同样件原材料的SEM形貌

Fig. 1 SEM morphologies of raw materials for different samples (a) AT10; (b) AT30; (c) AT50

表1 两种原材料粉末的成分及质量分数

Table 1 Composition and mass fraction of two raw materials powder

Al₂O₃	Composition	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	Na₂O	CaO
Al₂O₃	Content/%	>99.9	0.0041	0.0021	0.0014	<0.001
TiC_p	Composition	TiC_p	Si/Ca	K/Na	Fe	Al
TiC_p	Content/%	>99.1	<0.01	<0.005	<0.09	<0.01

图2 气孔率统计示意图

Fig. 2 Statistical diagram of stomatal rate

图3 维氏压痕以及断裂韧性计算示意图

Fig. 3 Vickers indentation and fracture toughness calculation diagram

图4 样件外观及放大照片

Fig. 4 Appearances and enlarged images of the samples (a) AT10; (b) AT30; (c) AT50

图5 样件横截面全貌以及颗粒分布图

Fig. 5 Full cross-sections and particle distributions of samples (a-c) Full views of (a) AT10, (b) AT30 and (c) AT50;(d-f) Particle distributions of (d) AT10, (e) AT30 and (f) AT50

图6 马兰戈尼对流以及二次流示意图

Fig. 6 Marangoni convection and secondary flow diagram

图7 样件微观组织特征

Fig. 7 Microstructures of the sample (a-c) Cross-sectional images of (a) AT10, (b) AT30 and (c) AT50; (d-f) Longitudinal section images of (d) AT10, (e) AT30 and (f)AT50

图8 样件横截面EDS分析

Fig. 8 EDS analysis of cross section of sample (a) Schematic diagram of EDS test area; (b) EDS surface scan; (c) Point scan results

图9 三种样件XRD图谱

Fig. 9 XRD patterns of three kinds of samples

图10 裂纹扩展及基体应力情况示意图

Fig. 10 Diagram of crack growth and matrix stress

图11 TiCp颗粒对裂纹扩展的偏转和阻碍作用

Fig. 11 Deflection and obstruction effects of TiC particles on crack growth (a) Pinning and micro crack; (b) Through particles and crack deflection

图12 样件的致密性

Fig. 12 Compactness of the samples (a) Relative density; (b) Porosity

图13 不同比例AT样件的力学性能

Fig. 13 Mechanical properties of AT-samples of different proportions (a) Microhardness of particles; (b) Matrix microhardness; (c) Fracture toughness

图14 沿着晶间析出物出现裂纹

Fig. 14 Cracks along the intergranular precipitates

图15 不同TiCp比例AT样件弯曲强度

Fig. 15 Fracture strength of different TiCp proportions AT samples

参考文献 51

[1]	申仲琳, 苏海军, 刘海方, 等. 超高温氧化物陶瓷激光增材制造技术与缺陷控制研究进展. 复合材料学报, 2021, 38(3): 668.
[2]	GOLDSTEIN A, SINGURINDI A. Al₂O₃/TiC based metal cutting tools by microwave sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2010, 83(6): 1530. DOI URL
[3]	赵喆, 龚江宏, 苗赫濯, 等. TiC颗粒弥散Al₂O₃复合材料的阻力曲线行为. 硅酸盐学报, 2000, 28(4): 371.
[4]	EVANS A G, CANNON R M. Toughening of brittle solids by martensitic transformations. Acta Metallurgica, 1986, 34(5): 761. DOI URL
[5]	CAI K F, MCLACHLAN D S, AXEN N, et al. Preparation, microstructures and properties of Al₂O₃-TiC composites. Ceramics International, 2002, 28(2): 217. DOI URL
[6]	GEVORKYAN E, RUCKI M, PANCHENKO S, et al. Effect of SiC addition to Al₂O₃ ceramics used in cutting tools. Materials, 2020, 13(22): 5195. DOI URL
[7]	程寓, 孙士帅. 一种氧化铝-碳化钛微米复合陶瓷刀具材料及其微波烧结方法. CN104131208A. 2014-11-05.
[8]	高纪明, 陈松年. 氧化铝/碳化钛复合材料的无压烧结. 湖南大学学报:自然科学版, 1996, 23(4): 46.
[9]	XIA T, MUNIR Z, TANG Y, et al. Structure formation in the combustion synthesis of Al₂O₃/TiC composites. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2000, 83(3): 507. DOI URL
[10]	苏海军, 王恩缘, 任群, 等. 超高温氧化物共晶复合陶瓷研究进展. 中国材料进展, 2018, 37(6): 437.
[11]	吴甲民. 方兴未艾的陶瓷增材制造. 硅酸盐学报, 2021, 49(09): 1785.
[12]	刘雨, 陈张伟. 陶瓷光固化3D打印技术研究进展. 材料工程, 2020, 48(9): 1.
[13]	WU D, YU X, ZHAO Z. Direct additive manufacturing of TiC_p reinforced Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ eutectic functionally graded ceramics by laser directed energy deposition. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2023, 43(6): 2718. DOI URL
[14]	LIU H, SU H, SHEN Z, et al. Research progress on ultrahigh temperature oxide eutectic ceramics by laser additive manufacturing. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(3): 255. DOI
[15]	WU D, YU C, WANG Q, et al. Synchronous-hammer-forging- assisted laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing of high-performance 316L samples. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2022, 307: 117695.
[16]	苏海军, 尉凯晨, 郭伟, 等. 激光快速成形技术新进展及其在高性能材料加工中的应用. 中国有色金属学报, 2013, 23(6): 1567.
[17]	吴甲民, 陈敬炎, 陈安南, 等. 陶瓷零件增材制造技术及在航空航天领域的潜在应用. 航空制造技术, 2017, 11(10): 40.
[18]	WU D, SHI J, NIU F, et al. Direct additive manufacturing of melt growth Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ functionally graded ceramics by laser directed energy deposition. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42(6): 2957. DOI URL
[19]	HUANG Y, WU D, ZHAO D, et al. Process optimization of melt growth alumina/aluminum titanate composites directed energy deposition: effects of scanning speed. Additive Manufacturing, 2020, 35: 101210.
[20]	WU D, ZHAO D, HUANG Y, et al. Shaping quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties of melt-grown mullite ceramics by directed laser deposition. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 871: 159609.
[21]	SU H, ZHANG J, LIU L, et al. Rapid growth and formation mechanism of ultrafine structural oxide eutectic ceramics by laser direct forming. Applied Physics Letters, 2011, 99(22): 1174.
[22]	ZHAO D, WU D, NIU F, et al. Heat treatment of melt-grown alumina ceramics with trace glass fabricated by laser directed energy deposition. Materials Characterization, 2023, 196: 112639.
[23]	HUANG Y, WU D, ZHAO D, et al. Investigation of melt-growth alumina/aluminum titanate composite ceramics prepared by directed energy deposition. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2021, 3: 035101.
[24]	WEI X, JIN M, YANG H, et al. Advances in 3D printing of magnetic materials: fabrication, properties, and their applications. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2022, 11(5): 665. DOI
[25]	刘安丽, 隋长有, 李发智, 等. 陶瓷激光增材制造等离子体特征与成形缺陷的相关性研究. 中国激光, 2020, 47(6): 146.
[26]	中国建筑材料工业协会. 精细陶瓷弯曲强度试验方法: GB/T 6569-2006. 中国标准出版社, 2006.
[27]	龚江宏. 陶瓷材料断裂力学. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2001: 101- 117.
[28]	VOIGT W. Ueber die beziehung zwischen den beiden elasticitätsconstanten isotroper körper. Annalen Der Physik, 1889, 274(12): 573. DOI URL
[29]	REUSS A. Berechnung der fleissgrenze von mischkristallen auf grund der plastizitats bedingung für einkrisalle. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 1929, 9(1): 49. DOI URL
[30]	YUAN P, GU D. Molten pool behaviour and its physical mechanism during selective laser melting of TiC/AlSi₁₀Mg nanocomposites: simulation and experiments. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2015, 48(3): 035303. DOI URL
[31]	YUAN P, GU D, DAI D. Particulate migration behavior and its mechanism during selective laser melting of TiC reinforced Al matrix nanocomposites. Materials and Design, 2015, 82(5): 46. DOI URL
[32]	张进, 黄云涛, 岳新艳, 等. TiC含量对无压烧结TiC-Al₂O₃导电陶瓷复合材料微观结构与性能的影响. 机械工程材料, 2023, 47(1): 70. DOI
[33]	GOINS P E, FRAZIER W E. A model of grain boundary complexion transitions and grain growth in yttria-doped alumina. Acta Materialia, 2020, 188: 79.
[34]	胡晓清, 曾照强. Al₂O₃/TiC陶瓷中Al₂O₃与TiC化学反应抑制的研究. 硅酸盐通报, 1998, 17(5): 45.
[35]	KIM Y W, LEE J G. Pressureless sintering of alumina-titanium carbide composites. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1989, 72(8): 1333. DOI URL
[36]	ISHIDA K. Effect of grain size on grain boundary segregation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1996, 235(2): 244. DOI URL
[37]	TERWILLIGER C D, CHIANG Y M. Size-dependent solute segregation and total solubility in ultrafine polycrystals: Ca in TiO₂. Acta Metallurgica Et Materialia, 1995, 43(1): 319. DOI URL
[38]	NIU F, WU D, YAN S, et al. Process optimization for suppressing cracks in laser engineered net shaping of Al₂O₃ ceramics. The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2016, 69(3): 557.
[39]	LAWN B R, WILSHAW T R. Fracture of brittle solids. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975: 47.
[40]	WU D, YU X, ZHAO Z, et al. One-step additive manufacturing of TiC_p reinforced Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ eutectic ceramics composites by laser directed energy deposition. Ceramics International, 49(8): 12758. DOI URL
[41]	LANGE F F, Fracture mechanics of ceramics. Ceramurgia International, 1978, 4(3): 142.
[42]	GUO J K. The Exploration on new approach of strengthening and toughening of ceramic materials. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 1998, 13(1): 23.
[43]	AHSAN M N, BRADLEY R, PINKERTON A J. Microcomputed tomography analysis of intralayer porosity generation in laser direct metal deposition and its causes. Journal of Laser Applications, 2011, 23(2): 807.
[44]	KOBRYN P A, MOORE E H. The effect of laser power and traverse speed on microstructure, porosity, and build height in laser-deposited Ti₆A1₄V. Scripta materialia, 2000. 43(4): 299. DOI URL
[45]	SUSAN D F, PUSKAR J D, BROOKS J A, et al. Quantitative characterization of porosity in stainless steel LENS powders and deposits. Materials Characterization, 2006. 57(1): 36. DOI URL
[46]	NIU F, WU D, LU F, et al. Microstructure and macro properties of Al₂O₃ ceramics prepared by laser engineered net shaping. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(12): 14303. DOI URL
[47]	FRANCISCO I D, MERINO R I, ORERA V M, et al. Growth of Al₂O₃/ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) eutectic rods by the laser floating zone technique: effect of the rotation. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2005, 25(8): 1341. DOI URL
[48]	WU D, HUANG Y, NIU F, et al. Effects of TiO₂ doping on microstructure and properties of directed laser deposition alumina/ aluminum titanate composites. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2019, 14(4): 371. DOI URL
[49]	ZHAO D, WU D, SHI J, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of melt-grown alumina-mullite/glass composites fabricated by directed laser deposition. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2022, 11(1): 75. DOI
[50]	PETCH N J. The cleavage strength of polycrystals. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 1953, 174(1): 25.
[51]	HALL E O. The deformation and ageing of mild steel: III discussion of results. Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, 1951, 64(381): 747.

Al₂O₃-TiC_p复相陶瓷激光定向能量沉积直接增材制造

Direct Additive Manufacturing of Al₂O₃-TiC_p Composite Ceramics by Laser Directed Energy Deposition

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 16

参考文献 51

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	魏相霞, 张晓飞, 徐凯龙, 陈张伟. 增材制造柔性压电材料的现状与展望[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(9): 965-978.
[2]	范武刚, 曹雄, 周响, 李玲, 赵冠楠, 张兆泉. 8YSZ陶瓷在模拟压水堆水环境中的耐腐蚀性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(7): 803-809.
[3]	陈乾, 苏海军, 姜浩, 申仲琳, 余明辉, 张卓. 超高温氧化物陶瓷激光增材制造及组织性能调控研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(7): 741-753.
[4]	姜灵毅, 庞生洋, 杨超, 张悦, 胡成龙, 汤素芳. C/SiC-BN复合材料的制备及氧化行为[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(7): 779-786.
[5]	王伟明, 王为得, 粟毅, 马青松, 姚冬旭, 曾宇平. 以非氧化物为烧结助剂制备高导热氮化硅陶瓷的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(6): 634-646.
[6]	孙海洋, 季伟, 王为民, 傅正义. TiB-Ti周期序构复合材料设计、制备及性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(6): 662-670.
[7]	蔡飞燕, 倪德伟, 董绍明. 高熵碳化物超高温陶瓷的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(6): 591-608.
[8]	刘国昂, 王海龙, 方成, 黄飞龙, 杨欢. B₄C含量对(Ti_0.25Zr_0.25Hf_0.25Ta_0.25)B₂-B₄C陶瓷力学性能及抗氧化性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(6): 697-706.
[9]	粟毅, 史扬帆, 贾成兰, 迟蓬涛, 高扬, 马青松, 陈思安. 浆料浸渍辅助PIP工艺制备C/HfC-SiC复合材料的微观结构及性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(6): 726-732.
[10]	薛轶凡, 李玮洁, 张中伟, 庞旭, 刘愚. 碳纤维布表面PyC界面相微观结构及均匀性的工艺调控[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(4): 399-408.
[11]	李雷, 程群峰. 高性能MXenes纳米复合材料研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(2): 153-161.
[12]	刘艳艳, 谢曦, 刘增乾, 张哲峰. MAX相陶瓷增强金属基复合材料: 制备、性能与仿生设计[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(2): 145-152.
[13]	邓顺桂, 张传芳. 多功能MXene油墨：面向印刷能源及电子器件的新视角[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(2): 195-203.
[14]	王博, 蔡德龙, 朱启帅, 李达鑫, 杨治华, 段小明, 李雅楠, 王轩, 贾德昌, 周玉. SrAl₂Si₂O₈增强BN陶瓷的力学性能及抗热震性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(10): 1182-1188.
[15]	倪晓诗, 林子扬, 秦沐严, 叶松, 王德平. 硅烷化介孔硼硅酸盐生物玻璃微球对PMMA骨水泥生物活性和力学性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(8): 971-977.