MXene在锌离子电池中的应用: 研究进展与展望

doi:10.15541/jim20230503

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

可充电锌离子电池(ZIBs)以其低成本、固有安全性、高比能量和环保特性而在大规模储能领域中引起了极大的关注。尽管对ZIBs的正极、负极以及电解质的研究不断取得突破, ZIBs的实际性能仍难以达到实用化的要求, 关键在于缺少先进材料的开发。MXene作为一种新型的二维材料, 具有各种优异的特性包括丰富的原料、可定制的结构和独特的理化特性。二维(2D)MXene在ZIBs中的应用已经取得了重大进展。本文简要总结了用于ZIBs的MXene的多种合成路线、MXene的环境稳定性、形态和结构特征以及化学性质的进展; 详细阐述了MXene基阴极、阳极和电解质/隔膜的最新发展, 丰富的成果表明MXene材料具有实现高性能ZIBs的巨大潜力; 归纳探讨了增强基于MXene的 ZIBs性能的策略, 包括离子插层调控、表面接枝修饰、杂原子掺杂、层间距拓宽等; 最后, 提出了基于MXene的ZIBs面临的挑战, 展望了未来前景, 旨在为开发实用化MXene基储能器件指明方向。

关键词: MXene, 锌离子电池, 储能器件, 水系电池, 准固态电池, 专题评述

Abstract:

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have captured significant attention as promising solutions for large-scale energy storage. They offer advantages such as low cost, inherent safety, high specific energy, and eco-friendliness. Though numerous breakthroughs have been achieved in the development of cathodes, anodes and electrolytes, ZIBs are still far behind for practical application due to the lack of advanced materials. In the realm of ZIBs, two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have emerged as a fascinating candidate, leveraging their exceptional properties such as high richness, customizability, and unique physiochemical attributes. This review aims to provide a concise overview of advancements in MXene application for ZIBs, encompassing multiple synthesis routes, properties, morphological and structural characteristics, as well as various chemistries employed. Furthermore, detailed elucidation is provided on the recent progress in MXene-based cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes/separators for ZIBs, indicating the great potential of MXenes for achieving high-performance ZIBs. Strategies to enhance the performance of MXene-based ZIBs are also highlighted, including ion-intercalation adjustment, surface modification, heteroatoms doping, and layer spacing widening. Lastly, the review discusses the current challenges and future prospects for MXene-based ZIBs, paving the way for further research and development in this exciting field.

Key words: MXene, zinc ion battery, energy storage device, aqueous battery, quasi solid battery, perspective

中图分类号:

TM911

陈泽, 支春义. MXene在锌离子电池中的应用: 研究进展与展望[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(2): 204-214.

CHEN Ze, ZHI Chunyi. MXene Based Zinc Ion Batteries: Recent Development and Prospects[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(2): 204-214.

图/表 6

图1 MXene的制备示意图以及典型的熔融盐合成法

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of preparing MXene (a) Process of chemical etching[22]; (b) Molten salt method for TiN-based MXene preparation[29]; (c) CuCl2 Lewis molten salt for MXene preparation[32]

表1 ZIBs中典型的正极和负极材料的电化学性能汇总

Table 1 Summary of the typical cathodes and anodes materials in ZIBs

	Material	Capacity/(mAh·g^-1)	Voltage/V(vs. Zn²⁺/Zn)	Capacity retention	Ref.
Cathode	MnO₂	258	1.3	94%(2000 cycles)	[48]
	V₂O₅	470	0.75	91%(4000 cycles)	[49]
	ZnHCF	65	1.75	81%(100 cycles)	[50]
	I₂	174	1.15	90%(3000 cycles)	[51]
	S	1105	0.5	85%(50 cycles)	[52]
	Se	611	1.2	80%(1000 cycles)	[53]
	Te	420	0.6	82%(500 cycles)	[13]
Anode	TiS₂	140	0.3	74%(100 cycles)	[54]
	Zn₂Mo₆S₈	62.3	0.35	81%(10 cycles)	[55]
	Cu_2-_xSe	230	0.45	96%(20000 cycles)	[56]

图2 MXene基正极在ZIBs中的应用

Fig. 2 Application of MXene-based cathodes for ZIBs (a) Schematic picture of the composite of MXene/H2V3O8 and the corresponding (b) rate performance and (c) charging/discharging curves[58]; (d) Preparative mechanism of I2 cathode with Nb2CTx as host; (e, f) CV curves, (g) corresponding capacity contribution and (h) charging/discharging curves of V2CTx[61]; (i) Surface oxidation of V2CTx based on the electrochemical activation[63]

图3 MXene基负极在ZIBs中的应用

Fig. 3 Application of MXene-based anodes for ZIBs (a) Schematic illustration of the composite of MXene/chitosan for smooth Zn deposition[72]; (b) Schematic picture of the preparation of MXene/Zn paper and (c) corresponding Coulombic efficiency of Zn deposition/dissolution[74]; (d) Schematic and (e, f) SEM images of MXene@Zn powder; (g) Nucleation and cycling performance of Zn deposition/dissolution based on the MXene@Zn powder anode; (i) Cycling performance and (j) charging/discharging curves of full cell[75]

图4 MXene基电解质在ZIBs中的应用

Fig. 4 Application of MXene-based electrolytes for ZIBs (a) Schematic illustration of the MXene additive for smooth Zn deposition, (b) corresponding formed morphology after electrodeposition, and (c) cycling performance of Zn//Zn symmetry battery[78]; (d) Schematic illustration of preparing MXene incorporated solid polymer electrolytes, (e) cycling performance of Zn//Zn symmetry battery at high temperature and (f) thermal conductivity of various solid polymer electrolyte membranes[79]

图5 基于MXene组分的ZIBs的性能优化策略

Fig. 5 Strategies for improving performance of MXene incorporated ZIBs (a) Preparative shematic, (b) corresponding SEM image with elemental mappings and (c) rate performance of Mn2+ pre-intercalated V2CTx MXene [88]; (d) Schematic picture of the preparation of S-Ti3C2Tx/PANI[95]; (e) Preparation process, and (f) XRD pattern, (g, h) SEM images, and (i) merits of diamine-intercalated MXene[110]

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