无机材料学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 853-864.DOI: 10.15541/jim20220019 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20220019
收稿日期:2022-01-13
修回日期:2022-04-12
出版日期:2022-08-20
网络出版日期:2022-04-26
通讯作者:
曾宇平, 研究员. E-mail: yuping-zeng@mail.sic.ac.cn作者简介:张 叶(1994-),男,博士研究生. E-mail: zhangyezn@student.sic.ac.cn
基金资助:Received:2022-01-13
Revised:2022-04-12
Published:2022-08-20
Online:2022-04-26
Contact:
ZENG Yuping, professor. E-mail: yuping-zeng@mail.sic.ac.cnAbout author:ZHANG Ye (1994-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: zhangyezn@student.sic.ac.cn
Supported by:摘要:
多孔氮化硅陶瓷兼具有高气孔率和陶瓷的优异性能, 在吸声减震、过滤等领域具有非常广泛的应用。然而, 目前常规的制备方法如气压/常压烧结、反应烧结-重烧结以及碳热还原烧结存在烧结时间长、能耗高、设备要求高等不足, 导致多孔Si3N4陶瓷的制备成本居高不下。因此, 探索新的快速、低成本的制备方法具有重要意义。近年来, 采用自蔓延高温合成法直接制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷展现出巨大潜力, 其可以利用Si粉氮化的剧烈放热同时完成多孔氮化硅陶瓷的烧结。本文综述了自蔓延反应的引发以及所制备多孔氮化硅陶瓷的微观形貌、力学性能和可靠性。通过组分设计和工艺优化, 可以制备得到氮化完全、晶粒发育良好、力学性能与可靠性优异的多孔氮化硅陶瓷。此外还综述了自蔓延合成多孔Si3N4陶瓷晶界相性质与高温力学性能之间的关系, 最后展望了自蔓延高温合成多孔Si3N4陶瓷的发展方向。
中图分类号:
张叶, 曾宇平. 自蔓延高温合成氮化硅多孔陶瓷的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(8): 853-864.
ZHANG Ye, ZENG Yuping. Progress of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics Prepared via Self-propagating High Temperature Synthesis[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(8): 853-864.
图1 溶胶-凝胶结合自蔓延合成多孔Si3N4陶瓷光学的照片(a)及放大微观结构图(b~d)[32]
Fig. 1 Optical picture (a) and amplified microstructures (b-d) of the porous Si3N4 ceramics prepared by gel-casting and SHS[32]
| Si/g | Si3N4/g | Y2O3/g | Combustion temperature/℃ | Reaction time/s | Open porosity/% | Shrinkage/% | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-45 | 70-55 | 2 | 1870-2050 | 30-13 | 40.5-45.8 | / | [ |
| 30-70 | 70-30 | 5 | 1820-1982 | / | 50.0-60.0 | 2.8-3.4 | [ |
表1 样品配方、自蔓延反应参数及样品性能汇总
Table 1 Composition of raw materials, parameters of SHS process and properties of the fabricated samples
| Si/g | Si3N4/g | Y2O3/g | Combustion temperature/℃ | Reaction time/s | Open porosity/% | Shrinkage/% | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-45 | 70-55 | 2 | 1870-2050 | 30-13 | 40.5-45.8 | / | [ |
| 30-70 | 70-30 | 5 | 1820-1982 | / | 50.0-60.0 | 2.8-3.4 | [ |
图3 不同工艺参数制备多孔Si3N4陶瓷的微观形貌(p为N2气压力, d50为Si粉粒度)[46]
Fig 3 Microstructures of the porous Si3N4 ceramics fabricated by different (p) pressures of N2 gas (p) and average particle sizes of Si powder (d50)[46] (a) p=3 MPa, d50=2.7 μm; (b) p=5 MPa, d50=2.7 μm; (c) p=7 MPa, d50=2.7μm; (d) p=9 MPa, d50=2.7 μm; (e) p=5 MPa, d50=1.3 μm; (f) p=5 MPa, d50=2.7 μm; (g) p=5 MPa, d50=4.5 μm; (h) p=5 MPa, d50=8.7 μm
图6 不同种类稀释剂和成型压力制备样品弯曲强度的韦伯分布拟合[59]
Fig. 6 Weibull plots of flexural strength for samples prepared with different types of Si3N4 diluent and shaping pressures[59] (Sample ST uses Si3N4 diluent with coarse particle size and high β phase while sample SA uses Si3N4 diluent with fine particle size and high α phase, -X represents the shaping pressure)
| SA-50 | SA-100 | SA-150 | SA-200 | ST-50 | ST-100 | ST-150 | ST-200 | Ref.[ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.99 | - |
| m | 11.4 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 5.7 | 11.4 | 16.0 | 17.2 | 11.0 | 10.6-20.9 |
表2 使用两种不同Si3N4稀释剂和不同成型压力制备样品的相关系数和Weibull模量[59]
Table 2 Correlation coefficient and Weibull modulus of samples obtained with two different Si3N4 powders and varied shaping pressures[59]
| SA-50 | SA-100 | SA-150 | SA-200 | ST-50 | ST-100 | ST-150 | ST-200 | Ref.[ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.99 | - |
| m | 11.4 | 9.3 | 8.8 | 5.7 | 11.4 | 16.0 | 17.2 | 11.0 | 10.6-20.9 |
图7 不同烧结方法制备Si3N4陶瓷的弯曲强度与孔隙率之间的关系
Fig. 7 Relationship between flexural strength and porosity of ceramics prepared by different methods SSN represents sintering Si3N4 by pressureless or gas pressure sintering[10,65⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-74]; SRBSN represents sintering reaction-bonded Si3N4 [75⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-83]; CRS represents Si3N4 fabricated by carbothermal reduction sintering[16,84⇓-86]; SHS represents Si3N4 fabricated by self-propagating high temperature synthesis[46⇓-48,56,59-60]
图8 不同烧结助剂制备的多孔Si3N4陶瓷的室温和高温弯曲强度[56]
Fig. 8 Room-temperature and high-temperature flexural strength of the fabricated porous Si3N4 ceramics with different sintering additives[56]
图10 采用不同质量分数Y2O3作为烧结助剂自蔓延合成Si3N4陶瓷的显微结构和平均晶粒尺寸[62]
Fig. 10 Microstructures and average grain sizes of the SHS-fabricated Si3N4 ceramics prepared with different Y2O3 mass content as sintering additive[62] (a) 0; (b) 0.4%; (c) 0.8%; (d) 1.2%; (e) 1.6%. L, D, AR represents average grain length, average grain diameter, and average aspect ratio respectively
图11 多孔Si3N4陶瓷室温和高温弯曲强度与烧结助剂添加量的关系[62]
Fig. 11 Room-temperature and high-temperature flexural strength of the fabricated porous Si3N4 ceramics as function of sintering additives addition[62]
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