杂质对氧化锆热障涂层性能的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20200078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

降低热障涂层面层中的低熔点杂质含量, 可提高涂层的高温稳定性和延长服役寿命。SiO₂、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃是氧化钇稳定氧化锆(Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia, YSZ)热障涂层中几种常见的低熔点氧化物杂质, 均会对涂层的性能产生一定的影响。本研究采用大气等离子喷涂法, 制备SiO₂、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃的含量从小于0.01wt%增加至1.00wt%的YSZ热障涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了上述涂层的微观结构; 采用激光热导仪测试了涂层的热扩散系数和抗热震次数。研究结果表明, 低熔点氧化物杂质对YSZ涂层的导热性、热处理状态的孔隙率具有明显影响, 且更容易引起涂层的热震失效。当杂质氧化物含量在小于0.2wt%范围内变化时, 涂层的性能变化更为显著。

关键词: 热障涂层, 杂质, YSZ, 抗热震性能, 导热性

Abstract:

Reducing low-melting impurity content in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) can improve the high temperature stability and service life of coatings. But there is rare quantitative study on the relationship between the low-melting impurity content and coating properties. In the present work, the effect of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ impurities on the properties of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) TBCs prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying was investigated. The samples were prepared with the contents of these impurities being increased gradually from less than 0.01wt% to 1.00wt%. The results demonstrated that those low-melting oxide impurities exhibit a significant effect on thermal conductivity and porosity of the coatings, playing a key role on thermal shock failure. The performance of coatings deteriorated especially significantly when the impurity oxide content is less than 0.2wt%.

Key words: thermal barrier coating, impurity, YSZ, thermal shock resistance, thermal conductivity

中图分类号:

TG174

冀晓鹃,于月光,卢晓亮. 杂质对氧化锆热障涂层性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(6): 669-674.

JI Xiaojuan,YU Yueguang,LU Xiaoliang. Effects of Impurities on Properties of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(6): 669-674.

图/表 11

表1 YSZ原料的化学成分(wt%)

Table 1 Chemical composition of YSZ raw materials (wt%)

ZrO₂	HfO₂	TiO₂	SiO₂	MgO	Fe₂O₃
90.28	1.55	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Y₂O₃	Al₂O₃	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O
7.92	0.011	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

表2 YSZ喷涂粉末的设计成分(D)及涂层的实测成分(M)(wt%)

Table 2 Design composition (D) of YSZ powders and measured composition (M) of YSZ coatings (wt%)

No.	SiO₂		No.	Al₂O₃		No.	Fe₂O₃
No.	D	M	No.	D	M	No.	D	M
HP	<0.01	<0.01	—	<0.01	<0.01	—	<0.01	0.0049
S1	0.02	0.013	A1	0.02	0.014	F1	0.02	0.0140
S2	0.06	0.038	A2	0.06	0.030	F2	0.06	0.0390
S3	0.10	0.064	A3	0.10	0.051	F3	0.10	0.0800
S4	0.16	0.110	A4	0.15	0.079	F4	0.16	0.1100
S5	0.20	0.150	A5	0.20	0.120	F5	0.20	0.1400
S6	0.36	0.260	A6	0.35	0.230	F6	0.36	0.3000
S7	0.50	0.320	A7	0.50	0.300	F7	0.50	0.3400
S8	0.66	0.430	A8	0.65	0.380	F8	0.66	0.4600
S9	0.80	0.550	A9	0.80	0.450	F9	0.80	0.5700
S10	1.00	0.620	A10	1.00	0.640	F10	1.00	0.5900

表3 HVOF喷涂工艺参数

Table 3 Parameters of HVOF process

Coal oil /(L·h^-1)	O₂/(L·min^-1)	Ar (Carrier gas) /(L·min^-1)	Powder feeding rate/(g·min^-1)	Distance/ mm
26	900	8	75	380

表4 APS喷涂工艺参数

Table 4 Parameters of APS process

Current/A	Voltage/V	Power/kW	Distance/mm
620	76	47	100
Ar/(L·min^-1)	H₂/(L·min^-1)	Ar(Carrier gas)/ (L·min^-1)	Powder feeding rate/(g·min^-1)
38	13	4.5	30

图1 S1双层热障涂层的显微形貌

Fig. 1 Microstructure of S1 two-layer thermal barrier coaing

图2 1400 ℃热处理100 h后YSZ涂层的孔隙率

Fig. 2 Porosities of YSZ coatings heat-treated at 1400 ℃ for 100 h

图3 不同热处理条件下含1wt%氧化物YSZ涂层的孔隙率

Fig. 3 Porosities of YSZ coatings doped with 1wt% oxides after heat treatment

图4 YSZ涂层的热扩散系数

Fig. 4 Thermal diffusivity of YSZ coatings

图5 YSZ涂层的热震寿命

Fig. 5 Thermal shock lifetime of YSZ coatings

图6 含1wt% SiO2YSZ涂层的(a)喷涂态及(b)经1400 ℃热处理10 h后的TEM照片及衍射斑点

Fig. 6 TEM microstructures and diffraction spots of YSZ coatings doped with 1wt% SiO2 (a) As-sprayed; (b) After heat- treatment at 1400 ℃ for 10 h

图7 含1wt% Al2O3的YSZ涂层的(a)喷涂态及(b)经1400 ℃热处理10 h后的TEM照片及衍射斑点

Fig. 7 TEM microstructure and diffraction spots of YSZ coatings doped with 1wt% Al2O3 (a) As-sprayed; (b) After heat- treatment at 1400 ℃ for 10 h

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