炭/炭复合材料微观结构对热电性能的影响

doi:10.15541/jim20140335

无机材料学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 357-362.DOI: 10.15541/jim20140335 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20140335

炭/炭复合材料微观结构对热电性能的影响

胡钢, 曾燮榕, 马俊, 邹继兆, 彭彪林

(深圳大学材料学院, 深圳市特种功能材料重点实验室, 深圳市陶瓷先进技术工程实验室, 深圳 518060)

收稿日期:2014-06-26 修回日期:2014-08-25 出版日期:2015-04-29 网络出版日期:2015-03-26
作者简介:胡钢(1989–), 男, 硕士研究生. E-mail:hugangshijie@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51272161, 51202150);深圳市科技计划项目(CXB201005240010A);深圳市战略新兴产业发展专项资金知识创新计划(JCYJ20130326113728218)

Dependence of the Texture on the Thermoelectric Properties of C/C Composites

HU Gang, ZENG Xie-Rong, MA Jun, ZOU Ji-Zhao, PENG Biao-Lin

(Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Laboratory of Ceramic Technology and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China)

Received:2014-06-26 Revised:2014-08-25 Published:2015-04-29 Online:2015-03-26
About author:HU Gang. E-mail:hugangshijie@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation(51272161, 51202150);Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan (CXB201005240010A);Shenzhen Strategic Emerging Industry Development Special Fund of Knowledge Innovation Program (JCYJ20130326113728218)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用微波化学气相渗透工艺, 以炭毡为预制体, 甲烷为前驱气体, 氮气为载气, 制备了具有不同微观组织结构的炭/炭复合材料。通过偏光显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪表征了复合材料的结构, 通过热电性能测试仪和激光热导仪测试了其热电性能。结果表明, 炭/炭复合材料具有正的热电效应, 且复合材料的热电性能与热解炭的取向性有很大的关系: 从各向同性、低织构、中织构到高织构, 其Seebeck系数、电导率和热导率逐渐增加, 同时织构化的增强对载流子的影响大于对声子的影响, 进而使热电优值ZT随着织构化的增强逐渐增大。

关键词: C/C复合材料, 热电性能, 织构, 取向性

Abstract:

C/C composites with different microstructures were fabricated by microwave chemical vapor infiltration (MCVI) using carbon felt as fiber preform, CH₄ as precursor gas and N₂as diluent gas. The different microstructures of C/C composites were characterized by polarizing microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra. Thermoelectric properties were systematically investigated via thermoelectric performance testing instrument (ZEM-2) and laser thermal conductivity instrument (TC-9000H). The results reveal that positive Seebeck coefficient is obtained from C/C composites with different microstructures and an important relationship is existed between thermoelectric property and orientation of pyrocarbon. Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are increased gradually with the texture of pyrocarbon evolved from isotropy, low texture and middle texture to high texture. With the texture being reinforced, it has a more important influence on carriers than on phonons. As a result, the merit ZT is increased with the reinforce of the texture.

Key words: C/C composites, thermoelectric properties, texture, preferred orientation

中图分类号:

TB33

胡钢, 曾燮榕, 马俊, 邹继兆, 彭彪林. 炭/炭复合材料微观结构对热电性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2015, 30(4): 357-362.

HU Gang, ZENG Xie-Rong, MA Jun, ZOU Ji-Zhao, PENG Biao-Lin. Dependence of the Texture on the Thermoelectric Properties of C/C Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(4): 357-362.

图/表 8

表1 C/C复合材料的MCVI工艺参数

Table 1 MCVI process parameters of C/C composites

Sample	N₂:CH₄	Pressure/kPa	Temperature/℃	Residence time/s
ISO	4:1	20	1200	0.02
LT	4:1	20	1200	0.04
MT	4:1	20	1200	0.06
HT	4:1	20	1200	0.08

图1 不同组织结构的C/C复合材料偏光显微和扫描电镜照片

Fig. 1 PLM and SEM images of C/C composites with various microstructures (a) ISO; (b) LT; (c) MT; (d) HT

图2 不同微观结构的C/C复合材料高分辨透射电镜照片和选区电子衍射图

Fig. 2 HRTEM images and selected area electron diffraction of C/C composites (a) LT; (b) HT

图3 不同微观结构的C/C复合材料XRD图谱

Fig. 3 XRD patterns of C/C composites with different microstructures

表2 炭/炭复合材料特征衍射峰参数

Table 2 Diffraction parameters of C/C composites

Sample	2θ/(°)	d₀₀₂/nm	L_c/nm	g
ISO	25.847	0.3444	4.59	-4.8%
LT	25.924	0.3434	4.85	6.8%
MT	25.947	0.3431	4.92	10.3%
HT	25.962	0.3429	7.56	12.6%

图4 不同微观结构的C/C复合材料拉曼光谱图

Fig. 4 Raman spectra of C/C composites with different microstructures

图5 C/C复合材料微观结构对热电性能参数的影响

Fig. 5 Influence of microstructure of C/C composites on thermoelectric parameters (a) Seebeck coefficient; (b) Electrical conductivity; (c) Thermal conductivity; (d)ZT

图6 活性位随芳香碳平面的变化

Fig. 6 Evolution of active sites with the change of aromatic- carbon (+indicates peripheral sites)

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炭/炭复合材料微观结构对热电性能的影响

Dependence of the Texture on the Thermoelectric Properties of C/C Composites

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