Ni₂MnGa crystal is a new kind of functional material, which exhibits ferromagnetic, magnetostrictive, thermal and magnetically
controlled shape memory properties. The nonstoichiometric Ni₂MnGa crystal can show a strain of 0.31% along [001] direction in a magnetic field of 6kOe
at room temperature; a [001]-directed stress of only 2MPa gives rise to a recoverable strain of 5%. As a kind of future actuator and sensor material, it will
possibly be used in many fields, such as sonar, microactuator, linear motor, microwave device, vibration and noise control, robot and functional structure etc. This paper
presents the properties of Ni₂MnGa crystal, the essential and mechanism of the magnetic-induced martensitic transformation and magnetically controlled shape memory
effect. Some factors which may influence the properties of Ni₂MnGa are also discussed.

The observed growth habit of TiO₂, α-Al₂O₃ crystals observed under hydrothermal conditions were successfully explained by the coordination polyhedron rule concerning
growth habit. It is concluded that the habit of α-Al₂O₃ crystal is the hexagonal platy {0001}, and the relationship of growth rate of various faces is:
V_{0001}<V_{1123}<V_{0112}<V_{1120}<V_{1010}; the growth habit of rutile (TiO₂) crystal is elongated prismatic form, and the relationship
of growth rate of various faces is: V_<110><V_<100><V_<101><V_<001><V_<111>; the growth habit of anatase (TiO₂) crystal is
a tetrahedron, and the relationship of growth rate of various faces is: V_<010>=V_<001>>V_<010>>V_<111>. These results were compared with previous studies based on PBC theory.

A sol-gel process was used to synthesize borophosphosilicate ultrafine powders by using boric acid, phosphoric acid and TEOS as starting precursors. The powder can be sintered at 900℃ in air. The dielectric properties of the sintered glass-ceramics were measured. The results show that the sintered glass-ceramics possess dielectric constants less than 5 and dielectric loss less than 3×10^-3 at the frequency of 1MHz. The glass-ceramics are potential for using as dielectric materials in a super high frequency multi-layer chip inductor field.

SrAl₂O₄:Eu,Dy long afterglow luminescence powders and low melting point B-Si glass were employed as the sources, and synthesized the long afterglow
luminescence glass at suitable conditions. The results of experiments indicate that sintering temperature and soaking time have great influence on the properties of
the glass, and the luminescence effect will decrease as sintering temperature and soaking time increase. In this experiment, sintering temperatures were chosen at 750～800℃ and soaking time was maintained about 10min. Under those
conditions, a serious of luminescence glass with good properties was prepared. The decay curves indicate that the luminescent properties of the luminescence glass
decrease compared with its original phosphor powders. The analytical results of SEM indicate that the glass prepared at low temperature containes more luminescent
powders for long afterglow than that of prepared at relatively high temperature.

A controlled-release phosphate glass scale inhibitor was prepared successfully, and its rate of scale inhibition reached 90% at 30℃. The concentration of orthophosphate and polyphosphate ions was very important for determining the rate of scale inhibition, some properties of the glass acted as a scale inhibitor were also discussed. The results show that the dissolution mechanism of the glass in water is controlled by hydrolysis and hydration reaction.

Effects of sulfate ions and hydrolytic temperature on the TiCl₄-derived TiO₂ powders properties were investigated in detail. At 20℃, as-prepared
powder is amorphous and with huge specific surface area, its average pore diameter is in the mesoporous range. In the presence of a small amount of SO₄^2-,
pore diameter distribution is in more narrow range from 2nm to 5nm. Nanocrystalline TiO₂ powders can be prepared by raising the hydrolytic temperature, at 70℃
and in the presence of SO₄^2-, the as-prepared powder is pure anatase, however, in the absence of SO₄^2-, as-prepared powder is a mixture in both phases.
These nanocrystalline TiO₂ powders have high specific surface area (as high as 380 m²/g) and also are in ultrafine size (3.5nm) compared with alkoxide-derived TiO₂
powders. The properties of these powders were characterized by XRD,TEM, DRS and BET techniques.

The green compact properties of ZrO₂ spray-dried powders were studied by means of pressure-density compaction
curves of the powder and SEM photographs．The results show found that the granule size distribution of the spray-dried powder has a smaller effect on the green compact density．
Granule yield strength, which depends on the dimension of granules and the relative humidity in the environment, is a critical factor influencing the
uniformity of green compact microstructures．Therefore, plasticizing granules and eliminating larger granules can improve the microstructure
of the green compact．

The preparation of Y-TZP nano-ceramics by the superhigh pressure compaction was investigated.
By applying superhigh pressure of about 3GPa, a green compact with a relative density of about 60% can be obtained, 13% higher than that by a normal cold isostatic press of 450MPa. The
sintering ability of this green compact is so good that it can be sintered to 99% dense at a very low temperature of 1050℃. The relative
high density of the green compact rather than the small pore size makes the sintering ability excellent . Y-TZP nano-ceramics having the grain
size of about 80nm were obtained when sintered at 1050℃ for 5h after CIP of 3GPa.

The paper discussed the influence of Nb₂O₅ on the mechanical properties of ZTM Al₂O₃ and the toughening mechanisms of ZrO₂ in the material. The results show that Nb₂O₅ can remarkably increase the m-ZrO₂ content in the ceramics while decreasing the t-ZrO₂ content, The mechanical properties can be greatly improved by Nb₂O₅ addition, and the square of the toughness is in proportion to m-ZrO₂ content. Microcrack toughening enhanced by increasing m-ZrO₂ content is the main factor contributing to the improvement

The modification of the inner surface walls of mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieves with γ-aminopropyl yielded amine groups functional MCM-41. Iron(Ⅲ)
2’2-bipyridine complex grafted onto the functional MCM-41 via the coordination of iron ion with grafted amine group. The complex functionalized MCM-41 was
characterized by XRD, N₂ sorption at 77K, and solid state diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry (CV). It has low crystalline
and the BET surface areas, pore volume and main pore diameters decreased shapely compared to MCM-41 because of the introduction of γ-aminopropyl and [Fe(bipy)₂]³⁺.
Furthermore, the spectra of UV-vis and CV studies suggested the nature and electroactivity of iron ion complex functionalized MCM-41 differed from iron ion complex impregnated MCM-41.

In view of the pyroelectric performance of PZT95/5 ceramics during the F_RL-F_RH transition, an analytic formula of spontaneous polarization varying with the temperature during
the phase transition was established. According to Leibniz theorem of stagger progression, a sum can be extracted from the progression function in the formula
in accordance with actually required accuracy. The curves of spontaneous polarization vs temperature for PZT95/5 ceramics during the F_RL-F_RH transition
were simulated by means of the computer. The simulated curves fitted well with the experimentally measured curves. The result testified that the variation of
spontaneous polarization during the phase transition can be described quantitatively and gives the theoretical significance to investigate deeply the phase transition
performance of ferroelectric materials.

The electrostrictive strain, hysterestic (S～ E) nature and remanent strain effect were investigated in their diffuse phase transition temperature
rang for two kinds of La-doping PMN-based ceramics with the diffuse phase transition center temperature 40℃ and 65℃ respectively.
The experimental results show that for the material with diffuse phase transition center temperature 40℃, its strain and hysteresis decrease as temperature
increases in the range of --10℃ to 60℃ driving by 0～1kV/mm one direction field, and for the other material whether driving by ±1kV/mm AC field or 0～1kV/mm one direction field the strains exhibit a
peak value with temperature change from 13℃ to 41℃, the remanent strain and hysteresis decrease monotonically with temperature increase. Above
experimental results were also explained in detail.

AlN/PE composite substrate was made by mould pressing. The influences of AlN percentage and morphology on the thermal conductivity were studied and the model for predicting thermal conductivity was discussed. The results demonstrate that with the increasing of AlN percentage, the thermal conductivity remains the same initially, after that it increases sharply, and then the rate slows down. The AlN whisker increases the thermal conductivity most efficiently, the second is that AlN fiber and AlN powder are of less efficiency.

Complex impedance spectra of BaTiO₃ with boron addition on the electrical characteristics of PTCR were studied. Cole-Cole plot shows a single semicircle
in room temperature (T<T_c) but shows a overlapping semicircle and skew circle above the Curie temperature (T_c<T<T_m), which may indicate
relaxational processes with multiple defects, such as V_Ba, V_o etc, from single defect such as V_Ba by thermal activation in the regions
of the grain boundary layer. The grain resistance, grain boundary resistance and relaxational time constant were calculated from the Cole-Cole plot and the barrier
height was calculated by the Heywang model. The results show that PTC effect originates from the grain boundary. The grain resistance exhibits NTC, but the grain boundary
resistance shows obviously PTC. Up to date, the Heywang model or Heywang-Jonker model is the most accepted model to explain the PTC mechanism by phenomenal explanation.

Fine-grained pure BaTiO₃ ceramics with homogeneous microstructures were obtained at 900℃
by means of a new sintering method---Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The result of HRTEM analysis shows that there are only 180℃ domains exiting in
the grains and the thickness of grain boundary is approximately two times of the crystal lattice constant. Meanwhile some twin grains can be found
in the micrographs, and an obvious dependence of dielectric constant on grain sizes obtained on the basis of measuring the dielectric properties of the
fine-grained ceramics. The existence of twins is one of the reasons that result in the dielectric constant of the fine-grained ceramics
decreasing not sharply. This effect cannot be accurately fitted by the common series-parallel model.

The decomposition of LiNiO₂ in the atmosphere was studied by DTA and XRD. The decomposition process was shown as following: LiNiO_2(s) →(650-720℃ )Li₂Ni₈O_10(s)+4Li₂O_(s)+O_2(g) →(850-950℃) Li₂O_(s)+8NiO_(s)+1/2O_2(g) →(1000-1150℃ )NiO_(s)+Li₂O_(g). The activation energies of the above three reaction stages were calculated by Doyle-Ozawa method and Kissinger method as 747.18±1.0 kJ·mol^-1, 932.46±1.0 kJ·mol^-1 and 1126.97±1.0 kJ·mol^-1. The reaction orders and frequency factors can be also determined by Kissinger method. The kinetics equations of each reaction were deduced as ｄα／ｄt＝１．７３６ｘ１０３９ｅ^{－９００００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{１．０５７}； ｄα／ｄｔ＝１８０６×１０^３９ｅ^{－１１１５００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{０．８４４}；ｄα／ｄｔ＝４．２６２×１０４２ｅ^{－１３５０００／Ｔ}（１－α）^{１．２７５.}

The open cell silicon carbide reticulated ceramics were prepared by impregnating a polyurethane sponge with aqueous ceramic slurry. TG-DTA
analysis of the polyurethane sponge was used to determine the global thermal cycle for the consolidation of the porous ceramic bodies.
A thixotropical slurry by adding effective rheological agents was optimized to uniformly coat the polyurethane sponge. The effect of
processing conditions on properties of the sintered was studied. The effect of binders on processing was discussed in detail and it
was found that colloidal silica is an effective binder. The structure of the sintered bodies were characterized by SEM and the phases of the
sintered bodies were determined by XRD. Some properties including bulk density, strut density, porosity and strength of the sintered bodies,
were characterized. The SiC reticulated ceramics, having 75%～85% porosity and bending strength as high as 2.5MPa, can be obtained under
firing temperature 1450℃ for 1h. The phases of the fired bodies are composed of α-SiC, α-Al₂O₃, cristobalite and mullite.

The nucleation and growth of diamond film under transverse bias was investigated in a hot-filament
chemical vapor deposition system. It was shown that the nucleation density of diamond is enhanced with the increasing of transverse bias
current. A nucleation density of 1.1×10⁸cm^-2 can be obtained, but transverse bias is harmful to the growth of diamond film. In situ
optical emission spectroscopy technology was used to study the diamond film deposition process. The results showed that the improvement of the
nucleation density and the harm of the growth may be caused by the abundance of atomic hydrogen and CH radical which is favorable to the formation
of thin amorphous carbon layers.

SnO₂ thin film with good resistance-gas sensitivity was prepared by a novel sol-gel method
using inorganic salts as starting materials. The sensitivity of the thin film to 600ppm CO was up to 500 at the optimal working temperature of
200℃, white the respondence time and recovery time were 13s and 20s respectively. The transmittance gas sensitivity was investigated
and it was found that the transmittance of the thin film decreased in CO atmosphere. The best working temperature of the transmittance gas sensitivity
is the same as that of the resistance gas sensitivity. Both resistance gas sensitivity and transimittance gas sensitivity decrease when the annealing
temperature of the thin film increases. The reason of abouve phenomenon was discussed.

The nanometer HS zeolite was synthesized from the clear solution methed. The product was charactered by XRD and HRTEM, and the growth mechanism was discussed. The results obtained show that nanoparticles of HS zeolite consist of decades of same-size nanocrystals and the growth mechanism is u growth by aggregation".

The magnetization intensity and magnetic susceptibility of CuCl₂-NiCl₂-EGICs, synthesized with expanded graphite were measured with MODEL-155 vibration magnetometer under
the magnetic field intensity (0～7.958×10⁵A/m). The result showed that after CuCl₂ and NiCl₂ were intercalated into graphite layers, the magnetic properties of
GICs were increased. The magnetic susceptibility of GICs was as about 10-100 times as that of pristine expanded graphite. GICs were paramagnetic.
It was different from diamagnetic graphite. The slope of magnetization curve changed from negative number to positive. The magnetic property of
GICs can change with the stage structure and the molar ratio of CuCl₂ and NiCl₂.Below 50% volume of NiCl2, GICs had a strong paramagnetic
property; when it was 50%, GICs was ferromagnetic. When the ratio of NiCl₂ was higher than 50% (60%、80% particularly), there was a maximum in their
magnetization curve. It indicates that GIC is ferromagnetic. The higher the stage of GICs, the lower its ferromagnetic property is.

SBF test and cell culture in vitro were carried out to evaluate the biological properties of plasma sprayed HA/Ti composite coatings.
Results obtained show that the coating surfaces will be covered by carbonate-apatite layer after being immersed in SBF for 1 day, which indicate that the composite coatings possess good bioactivity.
Carbonate-apatite layer is inclined to form on the rougher coating surface. Low concentration and high pH value of SBF are harmful to
the formation of carbonate-apatite layer. Excellent biocompatibility of the composite coatings can be confirmed by osteoblasts attaching firmly
and growing well on the coating surface.

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂(15vol%) nanometer composite powder was prepared by surface-induced precipitation under the condition of pH=5. Zeta potential and TEM were applied for characterizing the specimen. The results show that the structure of the composite powder calcined at 800℃ is tightness and uniform and the average size of ZrO₂ particles combined on the surface of Al₂O₃ particle is about 30urn.

The hydrolysis mechanism of Fe(III) solution is rather complicated when small amounts of phosphate ions are present. The process may be divided into two
stage, namely, before and after precipitation. The former was studied by Ferron-complex ion timed spectrophotometric method in this paper. The
method was used to classify the aqueous species of Fe(III) into three categories, i.e., Fe(a), Fe(b) and Fe(c), which represent their different exents of
hydrolysis and polymerization, respectively. The site of phosphate was indirectly defined by the shape of Fe(III) recovery curve. The
reason why the presence of phosphate can restrain the hydyolysis of Fe(III) solution is expounded. The result obtained has a specific signifitance
for guiding the synthesis of uniform and ellipsoidal hematite(α-Fe₂O₃) particles.

Nanoscale alumina powders were successfully prepared by an improved sol-gel method. Effects of different drying methods on prepared grain properties
were studied. The results show that heterogeneous azeotropic distillation processing can dehydrate effectively during gel drying, and prevent the
formations of agglomeration. The products were identified by TEM, XRD, BET, TG and DTA. Al₂O₃ powders with nanoscale sizes (about 68nm), homogeneous
disperse, better sphere and low impurity content were obtained, meanwhile, the dried gel powders can be converted to α-phase completely at lower
temperature (1150℃) and shorter time (30 min).

Mullite-zirconia composites were prepared by reaction-sintering of zircon and α-Al₂O₃ mixed powders. Densification process as well as formation
mechanism of mullite was studied and discussed, and special attention was paid to the effect of mullite seeding on the reaction-sintering mechanisms. It is
shown that the viscous flow of the non-crystalline may be a dominant densification mechanism prior to the formation of mullite. Mullite seeding has an obvious influence
on the forming way of mullite, and a higher relative density of 97% can be obtained when a small amount of mullite seeds (3wt%) are added.

25vol%YAG-Al₂O₃ nanocomposite powders were prepared by the co-precipitaion method from ytrium nitrate and aluminium nitrate as starting materials.
The XRD pattern for the prepared powder calcined at 1300℃ for 1h shows well-defined peaks whose positions are almost identical
to those of stoichometic YAG and α-Al₂O₃. The powder compacts by hot-press sintering for 0.5 h at 1400℃ and 300MPa reached
a density close to the thoretical, while the normally reported hot-press sintering temperature for YAG-Al₂O₃ composites is 1600℃.
The bending strength and fracture toughness of prepared 25vol%YAG-Al₂O₃ nanocomposite were 612 MPa and 4.54 MP·m^-1/2, respectively,
which are much higher than those of monolithic Al₂O₃ and monolithic YAG, as well as higher than those reported in other studies for YAG-Al₂O₃
composites. Microstructure studies found that the nano-YAG particles were mainly located within the Al₂O₃ grains.

With 1K PAN-based carbon fibers as reinforcements and modulated middle-temperature coal-tar pitch as matrix precursor, pitch-based
carbon-carbon composites were fabricated under low pressure and high pressure respectively. It was found that there was both domains and mosaics in the carbon
matrix, through the examination of the microstructures under polarized light microscope. There were mainly fine-grained mosaics in the green coke. The SEM micrographs of the
etched surfaces of samples show that it appears the characteristic of flows in the anisotropic field. The grains of the flow structure had relations with the pressure under which coal-tar pitch carbonized. The higher the carbonization pressure was, the
denser and neater the grains were, which indicates a higher degree of orientation of basal planes of the carbon.

The low-sintering composite multilayer ceramic capacitors (CMLCCs) having K-value higher than 7200 with X7R characteristics (-55-+125℃, ±15%) were successfully developed. The CMLCCs incorporate four PMN-PNN-PT or PMN-PT based ceramics with different Curie temperature as the principal components. The green tapes are stacked according to a certain order and cofired. The CMLCCs have good microstructures. The research results show that it is feasible to produce chip components with high performance by cofiring multi-phases materials.

Many researches have been focused on the synthesis of ordered porous zirconium oxide in the world. In this paper, well ordered porous zirconium oxide with high stability(>550℃) and high surface area(>350m²/g) was successfully synthesized by the surfactant templating method. FT-IR, X-ray powder diffraction, HRTEM, and nitrogen sorption were adopted for the characterization of the synthesized material.

The ZnS film was grown on HgCdTe surface by using the low-temperature ion beam sputtering technique. Zn and S elements in the sputtering ZnS film sample were studied and compared with those in the evaporating ZnS film by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. It is proved that the constituent elements are homogeneous, and the deposition of element Zn, S cannot be detected in the sputtering ZnS film.

The pure and Li-doped MoO₃ thin films were successfully fabricated by the hydrogen peroxide sol-gel process at room temperature. The structural transformation
in process of the film formation was studied by using TG-DTA and FTIR. The electrochemical and electrochromic properties of the films were studied by cylic
voltammetry and optical spectra. The results show that Li-doped MoO₃ sol possesses an excellent stability and the Li-doped MoO₃ films exhibit an
improved electrochemical cyclic stability with a pronounced electrochromic performance.