The progress of research on crystal morphology stability since 1980 s was reviewed. It included the relation between morphology stability and growth mechanism, the application of in-situ observation, the study on morphology stability under the diffusion-controlled condition and the effect of convection on morphology stability.

Recently overseas and domestic general situation and developing tendence about dielec- tric materials and the processings for MLCIs were reviewed. Different low-temperature sintering materials should be selected for MLCIs in different frequency ranges. The research on the low dielectric constants materials for high frequency MLCIs particularly was introduced. While the specially and typically producing processings of MLCIs were summarized

The low temperature oxidation of MoSi₂ was reviewed. The simultaneous oxidation of Mo and Si occurs at low temperature (<1000℃) with the
formation of MoO₃ and SiO₂, and this nonselective oxidation often leads to structural disintegration of MoSi₂ (Pesting). Several models of the pesting
reaction were summarized as follows:(1) Grain boundary hardening mechanism; (2) Pore-and-crack oxidation mechanism; (3) Grain boundary diffusion and oxidation
mechanism. On these bases, some methods that prevent the occurrence of Pesting were proposed and elucidated, and some proposals for the low temperature
oxidation research of MoSi₂ were suggested.

Several preparation methods of ceramic ink for jet printing forming are reviewed and the related research work is reported. Although the dispersion
method is simple, its dispersiveness and stability are not good enough for jet-printing forming. Fine particle size in ceramic ink can be obtained by
sol methods and its dispersiveness is much better. Unfortunately, its stability still requires to be improved further to match the needs of forming. The
reverse microemulsion has excellent dispersiveness and stability, and can easily achieve the dispersion in nanometer level. However, the problem of
low solid content in reverse microemulsion should be solved by taking effective measures.

Pulse electric current sintering (PECS) is a new rapid sintering approach. A variety of materials such as metal, ceramics, composite and functionally graded
materials have been prepared. PECS apparatus is somewhat like a conventional hot-press apparatus. It is characterized by the application of a pulse electric current
and/or a direct current as the power and by the graphite mold and punches acting as heating elements. Much attention has been paid to investigate the sintering
process of PECS from different standpoints. In the sintering of metallic (copper) powder, pulse current is effective in promoting the densification of copper powder
compacts because pulse current passes through both the graphite mold and the powder compact. In the sintering of non-metallic (Al₂O₃) powder, the densification
of Al₂O₃ powder is due to heat transfer from the graphite mold and punches. Heating rate of PECS is high by the application of a large electric current and
heat transfer is efficient by using the graphite mold and punches as heating elements. Therefore, rapid sintering is made possible.

The tetraphosphate glass with various Nd³⁺ dopant was prepared. The absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were measured, and the emission cross section for ⁴F_3/2 →⁴ I_11/2 transition of Nd³⁺ was calculated. Spectroscopic properties, concentration quenching, and the effect of -OH groups on the emission at 1.054μm in these kinds of the glass were investigated with diode laser at 800nm. The optimization of Nd³⁺ ion concentrations was 4.1×l0²⁰ ions/cm³. A room-temperature LiNd_0.1La_0.9P₄O₁₂ microchip laser operating at 1.054μm pumped by an AlGaAs diode laser operating at 800nm was realized.

BaFe₁₂O₁₉/SiO₂ microcrystallite glass ceramics were prepared by citrate so1-gel pro- cess; The complex dielectric constant and complex permeability dispersion were investigated in 100MHz-6GHz range. The results obtained show those conditions such as Ba/Fe, sintering tem- perature have a close effect on the synthesis of BaFe₁₂O₁₉/SiO₂ microcrystallite glass ceramics; the complex dielectric constant and complex permeability will decrease as the measuring frequency increasing, and maximum dielectric loss is 0.40, but magnetic loss nearoy zero.

The electric and mechanical properties of PMN-PT (67/33) ferroelectric relaxor crystal were measured. The piezoelectric and dielectric properties of PMN-PT crystal was discussed in comparison with the generally used piezoelectric ceramics and polymer. The performances of the unturned PMN-PT ultrasonic transducer with longitudinal vibration mode was evaluated. The influence of the PMN-PT dielectric and mechanical loss on impedance and transducer loss were discussed.

The character of dispersion of SiC whiskers in mullite slurry was studied. The relationship between pH value or/and dispersant and dispersion of SiC whisker was discussed via
the sedimentation experiment and rheology test. The results show that the rheological properties of the mullite slurry are affected by the addition
of the whisker. Well dispersed slurry can be obtained with pH value and dispersant content as 11wt% and 5wt%, respectively. The dispersion techniques
in the study can improve the character of dispersion of SiC whisker in mullite slurry, increasing the structure uniformity of the slurry.

Nanometer TiO₂ powders were prepared by four different methods. DSC and TG techniques were used to study the changes of TiO₂ compositions and phases from 25℃ to 900℃. The gels powders of TiO₂ were characterized by XRD and TEM. DSC and TG results show that the absorbed water and organism will be lost at 80～100℃, the organism discompose at 280～290℃, TiO_２ thus obtained will transform from amorphous phase to anatase phase, at 370～400℃, the structure water will be lost above 500℃, and anatase phase transform gradually to rutile phase between 650℃ and 900℃.

Alumina granules were prepared by spray-drying technique with alumina-sol as the binder. The granule morphology is influenced by inlet temperature and the granule
size. The decrease of inlet temperature and granule size benefits the granule morphology perfectible. Spray-dried granules were calcined at 800～1600℃,
respectively. XRD and TG-DTA were carried out to analyze the phases of alumina-sol and granules. SEM was used to observe the granules calcined at different temperatures. The strength
of granules was tested by the die pressing method. The results show that the alumina-sol not only acts as a common binder at room temperature but also improves the sintering behaviors of α-alumina, so as to
make granules get good strength for extrusion as low as 1200～1300℃.

Instant-solidifying forming process is a novel technology for ceramic parts production. Green body can be produced by the polymerization of monomers.
There are many benefits of this technology, such as optimized procedure, simple operation, low cost, and so on. In this paper, polymerizing mechanism was
discussed and influencing factors on dynamics of polymerization were studied. It was proved that polymerizing velocity is accelerated by the increase of the
concentration monomer solution and the amount of initiator and catalyst, but decelerated by the rise of pH value. Ceramic sheets can be produced successfully
by controlling these factors accurately.

The detailed electroacoustic behaviors for alumina in salt concentration of magnesium ions were determined as a function of metal ion concentration, pH, and volume content of solid. The charge reversal and the shifts of the isoelectric points were observed. The particle size distributions corresponded well to the zeta potential values. Atomic Force Microscope was used to verify the metal hydroxide coating, formed at the interface. The thickness of the coating layer was about 4nm, corresponding to 10～12 monolayers.

Four-point bending creep behaviour of a Y-α-β sialon composite with YAG as the intergranular phase and
with the theoretical α/β ratio of 65/35 was studied at 1250～1350℃ and stresses of 110～290MPa in air. The stress exponents at 1250, 1300 and 1350℃ were found to be 1.31, 1.49 and
1.62, respectively, and creep activation energy was 677kJ·mol^-1. Cavities were found mainly on multi grain junctions. Grain boundary
diffusion coupled with sliding was identified to be the dominant creep deformation mechanism. The creep rate exponent, p, in Monkman-Grant relation
was 1.6, and the nucleation/growth, coalescence and linkage of multi-grain-junction cavities were responsible for the creep rupture.

Based on their distinct resistivity and melting point, a new approach for fabricating graded B₄C/Cu composite by rapid self-resistance sintering under ultra-high
pressure was proposed in this paper and with which a near dense plasma facing material with 0-100% compositional distributions of B₄C was obtained
on conditions of 12kW electric power input, 2-4GPa pressure applied, 40s duration and properly consecutive heat treatment. Well-graded composition and
structure of that composite were demonstrated by SEM analysis. Tests on plasma relevant performances show that the chemical sputtering yield of B₄C/Cu graded
composite is 70% lower than that of SMF 800 nuclear graphite, and the surface of the composite is almost no damages after in-situ plasma irradiation in Tokamak apparatus.

The binary system of Pb(Fe_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃(PFN)--Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃(PMN) was investigated into the effects of different precursor process routes on the
microstructrure and dielectric properties by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy
dispersion spetrometer (EDS) and dielectric measurements. It is concluded that for the binary system (1-x)PFN-xPMN, the change of Curie temperature is
approximately linear with respect to PMN content in the range of interest (x=0-0.5). With the increase of x, the Curie points shift to lower temperatures. And the
dielectric maximum (ε_max) decreases with increasing x. Both calcining and sintering conditions have non-negligible influence on microstructure
and dielectric properties. Dielectric and other properties were compared for samples prepared by single-step and two-step precalcination route and the possible mechanisms
leading to the differences were discussed.

The liquid mixing method by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a chelating agent to prepare Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀ was reported. The resin precursors were prepared and heated at 700℃ to 1200℃ in air. XRD was used to determine the phase transformations as a function of temperature. Single-phase Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀ was obtained at l200℃, without the prolonged heat treatment time. DTA, TG and Raman spectra were used to characterize the precursors and derived oxide powders, respectively

Commercial polyurethane sponges with three dimensional network and open cells, were used as the templates to produce SiC based reticulated porous ceramics (RPCs)
from ceramic slurries by the replication process. Surface modification of polyurethane sponges was carried out by a surfactant with hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value>12.
This pretreatment is beneficial to increase the adhesion of the slurry to the sponge. Effects of slurry solids content, pore diameter of sponge, distance between the
rolls and the number of passes on the loading of slurry on the sponges and macrostructure of RPCs, were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the macrostructure
of RPCs depends strongly on the slurry solids content and relative distance. The relative density of RPCs has a good linear relationship with the relative distance,
which is very important to predict and optimize the permeability and mechanical properties of RPCs.

The characteristics of (Ni_0.4Zn_0.6)Fe₂O₄ spinel ferrites doped with various amount of (Ni_0.8Zn_0.2)O halite additives were investigated.
The permeability frequency spectra of the doped ferrites (1-x)(Ni_0.4Zn_0.6)Fe₂O₄+x(Ni_0.8Zn_0.2)O exhibit an anomalous transition at x=0.05, which can
be well described by the magnetic circuit model developed by Johnson and Visser. From the experimental data of X-ray diffraction, bulk density, dc electrical
resistivity, and permeability temperature spectra, the crystallographic structure of the doped ferrite for x≤0.05 is a pure spinel phase,
the presence of a small amount of oxygen vacancies in spinel lattice favors the grain growth and promotes the densification. For x>0.05, the crystallographic
structure is a diphasic mixture. The segregation of nonmagnetic y<0.8 (Ni_yZn_1-y)O halite second phase on grain boundary hinders the spinel grain growth and lowers the densification.

Lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃, PZT) ferroelectric films 2-60μm in thickness were successfully fabricated on Pt-coated oxidized
Si substrates(Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si) by a new sol gel processing. The microstructure and morphology of the prepared PZT thick films were
investigated via X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy techniques. X-ray diffraction patterns taken on these films show
single-phase perovskite-type structure, and no pyrochlore phase exists in thick films, and SEM micrographs suggest that the PZT thick films
are of high density, crack-free, and uniformity. Dielectric constant of 860, loss tangent of 0.03, remanent polarization of 25μC/cm², a coercive field of 40kV/cm were measured on 50μm thick films.

The preferential orientation intensity of AlN films depends on several deposition parameters. For the
first time, the function relation formulae between the intensity of preferential orientation of the films and experimental parameters
(such as sputtering pressure, target power and the distance) were found. It is common practice to perform a number of deposition experiments by varying
the controllable parameters to determine the optimal films growth conditions. The comparison of the experimental results and computational results obtained
by using the function relation formula indicates that two results have a good agreement with each other. The foundation of these function relation formulae
is of great signification for furthermore designing of a new experimental scheme, validating an old experimental result, or preparing the good
preferential orientation films.

Fluorine and carbon-doped silicon oxide films (SiCOF) were deposited from tetraoxethylsilane (TEOS)
and octafluorocyclobutane (C₄F₈) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The study of X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and
Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) of the film reveals that there are Si-F, Si-O, C-F, C-CF_x, CF₂, etc., configurations co-existing in the
film. The refractive index of the as-deposited film is about 1.40. The refractive index of the film was measured as a function of the time of
exposure to the atmosphere and annealing temperatures, and the mechanism of the change in the refractive index was discussed. The results show that
an ideal deposition temperature is about 300℃.

The nanocomposite silica-titania thin films were deposited with a dip-coating method on silicon wafers,
fused quartz and K9 glass substrates from a sol made by a two-step hydrolysis method. A high-pressure mercury lamp was used to act as irradiation treatment.
AFM, ellipsometry, FTIR, UV-Vis spectrophotometer and XRD were used to characterize the structure and optical properties of the as-grown and UV
irradiated films. The results show that the UV-irradiation is one of the effective methods to densify the sol-gel thin films at a relative low
temperature. The densification mechanism is different from that of the conventional thermal treatment. Electron excitation is induced directly
by the UV light irradiation ,which is able to cause the bond cleavage in gel network and make gel films densify through the rearrangement of
the gel structure eventually.

The end products were synthesized with the starting reactors lithium acetate and manganese acetate (in different
mole ratio) dissolved in de-ionic water to form homogeneous solutions, which were evaporated by heating to form solid state mixtures precursors. The
calcination of the precursors in air produces uniformly sized, fine particles of spinel Li_1+xMn₂O₄ as the final active materials. Prepared
from starting reactors lithium acetate and manganese acetate in Li:Mn=1.1:2 and under 850℃, the resultant materials have better electrochemical
characterizations. The reaction mechanism was investigated by TGA and IR spectroscopy. The investigation of the XRD patterns, the analysis of the
morphology and the determination of the electrochemical properties show the resultant particles are fine, narrowly distributed, well crystallized and
honeycomb-like. The charge-discharge data indicate that the resultant material with spinel structure has an initial capacity of 128 mAh/g and a good cycling
performance.

The active material of secondary zinc electrode (zinc oxide) was synthesized by the complexation-precitation method, and characterized by XRD, SEM and BET. The
electrochemical activity of the product was determined by the charge-discharge method. The effects of some important preparative conditions such as the pH value
of reaction solution and the content of aqueous ammonia in the tank on the performance of the product were studied by experimental investigation and theoretical analysis.
The SEM photographs and BET data show that the samples consist of the aggregates of many tiny crystals and have larger specific surface area, therefore, their
electrochemical capacities are higher. The zinc oxide sample obtained under the optimum preparative conditions possesses a tapping density higher than 1.70g·cm^-3
and an electrochemical discharge capacity higher than 420mAh·g^-1.

The preparation and properties of porous glass ceramic (PGC) carrier materials made from the base glass composition CaO-P₂O₅ were investigated. Rifapin (R) was used as a model drug, in vitro drug delivery anylyses of R-PGC were performed. Based on this results, the drug carrier can gradually re1ease rifapin with effective drug concentration in 1ong time. Through the adjustment of aspect ratios of calcium phosphate fiber, the porosity can be effeictely changed. So it is helpful to make the durg delivery system (DDS), and further study should be engaged.

The growth of Ca₄RO(BO₃)₃(R=Gd, Y) crystals with high optical quality was in- troduced. The method for determining the spatial direction of these two crystals was reported. The authors work is helpful for the further research and application of Ca₄RO(BO₃)₃(R=Gd, Y) crystals, as well as other low-symmetric nonlinear optical crystals.

A precursor Co₂ (OH)₂CO₃, was prepared by solid state reaction with Co(NO₃)2.6H₂O and NH4HCO3 at ambient temperature. Nanophase Co₃O₄ with the average of 13nm was obtained by decomposed the precursor about 3h at 250°C. The composition, size, appearance and properties of the product were studied by XRD, TG-DTA, TEM and SEM.

Nanophase CuO powders were made from Cu(NO₃)₂ by the complexing-precipitate method, and the effects of complexing agent on particle sizes studied. The results show that CuO powders are smaller in size and slightly aggregate. The sample particles thus obtained are spherical and their average particle sizes are between 40～60nm. With NH₃·H₂O as the complexing agent, the best reaction conditions for preparing nanophase CuO are that the reaction temperature is 30℃ and the molar ratio of Cu(NO₃)₂ to NaOH is 1:3.

TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by the hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide. The properties of the particles were characterized by XRD, SPS, XPS and ESR techniques.
The particle size of the TiO₂ increased as the calcining temperature increased and the structure of the TiO₂ changed from anatase to rutile. The photocatalytic
oxidation of heptane was used as model reaction to measure the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ particles. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ particles
washed with ethanol is higher than that of TiO₂ particles washed with water. The lower calcining temperature induces the blue-shift of photovoltage, the
threshold higher, and the content of Ti³⁺ higher, which help to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ particles.

Nanometer titania needle-shaped agglomeration was directly prepared by aging TiOCl₂ aqueous solution from room temperature to 60°C. The effect of reaction temperature and stirring on TiO₂ crystalline size and morphology were discussed. The results show the morphology of product is pseudo-sphere in the stirring condition. The aging temperatures have no effect on the morphology of product. The TiO₂ particles were characterized by TEM and XRD. The result shows the product is nanometer titania needle-shaped agglomeration with rutile structure.

Magnesium lanthanum titanate ceramics were prepared.The influence of Al₂O₃ on the dielectric properties of magnesium lanthanum titanate ceramics was studied by XRD, SEM. The study shows that with the increase of the content of Al₂O₃, the εr decreases, and the quality factor Q(Q=1/tgδ) values can be up to 14430 at 10GHz. The main crystal phase of the sample without Al₂O₃ is MgTiO₃ with small amount of La_0.66TiO_2.99; with Al₂O₃ added, new crystal phases MgAl₂O₄ and Mg₄Al₂Ti₉O₂₅ s.s appeare, meanwhile, the grain size of materials reduces obviously.

MnO₂ was introduced to NiCuZn ferrite. The effects of Mn substitution on the magnetic properties and microstructure of the (Ni_0.2 Cu_0.2 Zn_0.6)_1.03 (Fe₂O₃)_0.97+0.97xMnO₂ ferrite (x=0.1～0.5) were investigated. Mn content increases the initial permeability, but excess Mn content will result in the formation of a secondary phase. And the initial permeability depending on temperatures is strongly affected by Mn content too. When x≥ 0.4, the temperature coefficient of initial permeability increases quickly, which just like the relaxant phenomenon in ferroelectrics.

By applying improved fast electric heating techniques, the ultra-high temperature condition of carbon felt-carbon composites (CFCCs) in practice was simulated.
Then its tensile and compressive mechanical properties were measured by Gleebe-1500. The thermal stress resistance (TSR) was afterwards derived from modulus and strength.
The results show that both strength and modulus increase with increasing temperature in a certain range. Further more, tensile properties in XY-direction are better
than that in Z-direction, while compressive properties in Z-direction is better. The TSRs have a little change with temperature, and which in XY-direction are
larger than that in Z-direction.

Pt clusters deposited on titania-modified MCM-41 were synthesized by a photodeposition method through PtCl₆^2- and titania-modified MCM-41.
The structure and optical properties of the samples were investigated by XRD, XPS, N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms and diffuse reflectance
UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results of XPS showed that the deposited Pt was in metal state. Although the BET surface areas and pore volume
decreased because of the introduction of Pt, the pore diameter distribution was almost not affected. The curve of Pt deposited titania modified MCM-41
in UV-Vis absorption spectrum was different from that of titania modified MCM-41.

The bulk SiC/C FGM was fabricated by powder metallurgy processing. It mixes the high erosion-resistance of SiC and high thermal-shock of graphite, and has high thermal fatigue. This work opens an application prospective for SiC ceramic.

The rod-like phases TiB₂ were formed by the reaction of B₄C and Ti under 1800℃×35MPa×1h
sintering condition, the length of particle TiB₂ was 10～30μm, some over 40μm; and the aspect ratio was 2～8. These rod-like phases
endowed the composites with high mechanical properties. The bending strength and the fracture toughness of the composites were 680MPa and 12MPa·m^1/2,
respectively. The phases were examined by XRD; the microstructure of the composites was observed by SEM and TEM. The influence of sintering
temperature and Ti content on the growth and development of rod-like phases TiB₂ was discussed.

The preparation of Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃(BST) ferroelectric thin films was studied. A dry chemical control additive(DCCA) was added to the sol in order to avoid producing cracks. Metal- alkoxide and partial acetate methods influencing on the quality of BST thin film were also studied. The grain size, microstructure and electric properties of the films were characterized by XRD spectra, C - V characteristic, IR spectra, I - V curve, etc. The results indicate that the quality of the material synthesised by the metal-alkoxide method is better.

The effects of sintering temperature and film thickness on the gas-sensing properties of SnO₂ thick film sensors were researched by measuring the ethanol gas sensitivity of the samples with different thickness films prepared by screen printing technology and sintered at different temperatures. The results show that different thickness films and different sintering temperatures greatly effect the gas-sensing properties of the samples.

A new method for the preparation of nanocrystalline ceramic films was proposed, and α-Al₂O₃ films were deposited On a Ni-Al alloy substrate and then heat-treated, the films with nanocrystalline structure were characterized by SEM and TEM. The process of the new method is as follows: an initial liquid is atomized and travels through a high temperature flame, chemical reactions taking place, and deposited on a substrate, then the film obtained is heat-treated.