The research and development of laser-nonlinear multi-functional crystals (self-frequency doubling crystals) were reviewed. The structures, growth and self-frequency doubling properties of the several primary self-frequency doubling crystal involved Nd:Mg:LiNbO3(NMLN), Nd_xY_1-x Al₃ (BO₃)₄(NYAB),Cr:KTP, LaBGeO₅:Nd³⁺, β-Gd₂(MoO₄)₃:Nd³⁺(GMO:Nd³⁺), Nd:GdCa₄O (BO₃)₃, Yb:GdCa₄O(BO₃)₃, Nd:YCa₄O(BO₃)₃, Yb:YCa₄O(BO₃)₃, Yb:BaCaBO3F were system- atically summarized. The future development of the self-frequency doubling crystal was also suggested.

This paper reviewed the history of ultrahigh-temperature structural ceramics derived from organosilicon-polymer. The advances of processes and material properties were included. The fibers of SiC, Si₃N₄ and the films of SiC, SiO₂, Si₃N₄ were industrialized. Some materials which could be used at 2000℃ were discovered. The development trends were proposed

The crystallization process of MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass containing TiO₂ and ZrO₂ was studied by means of DTA, thermal expansion curve and XRD. Magnesium
aluminium titanate appearing at 780℃ promotes the crystallization ofMg-petalite at 800℃, and then those crystal phases transform to sapphirine,
rutile and Zr/Ti solid solution at 930℃. β-quartz solid solution appears at 1030℃ and transforms at temperature higher than 1125℃ to α-cordierite,
cristobalite and enstatite, while rutile and Zr/Ti solid solution transform to zircon and magnesium titanate. According to the crystallization process, a glass-ceramic with sapphirine
as the main phase can be prepared at the temperature between 930℃ and 1050℃. The glass-ceramic with a fine-grained structure has large elastic modulus (120GPa) and
good surface properties, and is an excellent material for substrate of hard disks.

The structure, excitation and emission spectra of photoluminescence of γ-Bi₂WO₆:Pr₃₊ prepared by solid state reaction
were studied, the diffusion reflection spectrum of γ-Bi2WO6 was recorded. The density D_x=9.53 g/cm3 and crystal parameters
a=5.45A, b=16.42A, and c=5.43A of γ-Bi₂WO₆:Pr³⁺ were measured. The main peaks of its photoluminescence spectrum are 600, 608 and 611, 629nm, which are from ¹D₂→³H₄, ³P₀→³H₆, ³P₀→³H₆ and ³P₀→³F₂ transitions of Pr³⁺, respectively. The excitation spectrum of γ-Bi₂WO₆:Pr³⁺ consists
of the main excitation band with maximum 372nm and 450nm peak. The diffusion reflection spectrum indicates that there has strong
absorption in the range of 225-430nm, at the same time, the main excitation bands of excitation spectra of γ-Bi₂WO₆:Pr³⁺
and γ-Bi₂WO₆ are similar, which indicates that the main excitation band of γ-Bi₂WO₆:Pr³⁺ is from the host possibly due to the transition absorption of band-to-band, charge
transfer transition of W-O and defect level transitions. The 450nm peak is from characteristic absorption ³H₄→³P₂ of Pr³⁺. The
favorite dosage of Pr³⁺ in BWO:Pr³⁺ is about 0.8mol%.

LSGM+NiO anode substrates for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells were fabricated and the
relationships between porosity, pore radii distribution, electrical conductivity of the substrate and its composition were studied. Effects
of the substrate composition, microstructure, fabrication process on the formation process, quality and structure stability of the supported
LSGM thin films were investigated. Based on these works, we successfully made a dense supported LSGM thin film with a thickness of 20-50μm
using a costly effective wet chemical-physics method. Anode substrate with 60% NiO possesses preferable sintering-shrinkage rate, porosity and pore
radii distribution. Its specific pore surface area and specific pore volume are also larger. Electrical conductivity of reduced anode substrates
increases with NiO content in the substrates. Electrical conductivity of reduced anode substrates with low NiO content increases rapidly with ac
impedance measuring time and changes from electronic conduction to ionic conduction. Electrical conductivity of substrates with high NiO content
changes very slow with measuring time, showing metal conducting property and very high electrical conductivity from the beginning. On the surfaces
of supported LSGM thin films fabricated by non-restraint sintering method, large flat grains can be seen and cracks appear along grain boundaries after
reduction in H₂. On the surfaces of supported LSGM thin films fabricated by isostatic-pressure sintering method, just small grains with even crystal
sizes which contact with each other tightly can be seen and after reduction in H₂, no cracks appear on grain boundaries.

orous nickel oxides were prepared by hydrolysis and furtherheat treatment of nickel acetate in air at 300℃. An new type electrochemical capacitor system with
an asymmetric configuration was demonstrated. The nickel oxides prepared and active carbon wereapplied to the positive and negative electrodes respectively. These oxides can provide a specific capacitance of
240F/g, and maintain high utilization at high rates of discharge (i.e., high power density).The maximum operational voltage of the capacitor can be improved effectively and high power discharge attained.

LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ cathode material is a very promising candidate to replace LiCoO₂ for lithium secondary batteries.
Spherical α-Ni_0.8Co_0.2(OH)₂ powders were prepared via a “controlled crystallization” method. The LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ powders
were synthesized by sintering the α-Ni_0.8Co_0.2(OH)₂ precursor and LiOH·H2O in oxygen at 700℃ for 4h. XRD results show the powders
are highly crystallized LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 with order α-NaFeO_2 layer structure. SEM photographs show the powders are spherical dispersed particulate with
the particle size of approximately 8μm. The powders have good fluidity and high tap-density. Electrochemical test proves the LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ cathode material has excellent
electrochemical performance. The material shows a high initial charge capacity of 197mAh·g^-1 and discharge capacity of 174mAh·g^-1, and retention of more than 96.6% after 10 cycles.

The polarization curves of Pt/ZrO₂ electrode were measured with three electrode method . The multi-step reaction theory and reaction class analysis were applied in analyzing the electrode reaction mechanism, and it was found that the slow electron transportation between Pt and ZrO₂ became the rate determining step under the temperature between 400℃ and 600℃.

The effect of calcining temperatures on the particle size coarsening, the specific surface area lowering and band gap blue shifting of nanocrystalline TiO₂ in
the anatase, mixed-phases, and rutile phase was investigated. The rate of the particle size coarsening and the surface area lowering of TiO₂ in the rutile
phase are much higher than that in the anatase phase. This result means that it is hard to prepare nanocrystalline TiO₂ in the rutile by anatase-to-rutile
transformation or reactions at high temperature. When nanocrystalline TiO₂ in the rutile phase is heated under vacuum, it has higher surface area as well
as in finer size than that of one calcined in the air, however, heating under vacuum always results in nonstoichiometry and crystal defect, which is detrimental to its applications.

The carbon-doped TiO₂ particles via the route of synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ using dodecylamine (DDA) as a template and carbonization at different temperatures
in flowing N₂ were prepared. The structures of the carbon-doped TiO₂ were investigated by TEM, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements, XRD and
XPS. The TEM photographs of carbon-doped titania show disordered porous particles with size range from 130 to 200nm. The N_2 adsorption-desorption isotherm reveals
the existence of mesoporosity in these materials with a type IV isotherm. The XRD patterns indicate that carbon-doped titania particles carbonized both at 673K
and at 873K are anatase structures. The XPS analyses suggest that the carbon mainly distributed on the surface layer of the particle.
The anhydrous electrorheological (ER) fluid composed of carbon-doped titania powders dispersed in paraffin liquid shows an intrinsic ER effect. The elctrorheological results show that the carbon-doped TiO₂ particles synthesized with DDA/TiO₂ mole ratio around 0.046 to 0.092 and carbonized at temperature around 673 K exhibit higher ER activities due to their proper conductivity caused by the carbon on the surface of the particles.

Monolithic TiO₂ aerogels were prepared by the process of hydrolysis and condensation of tetrabutyl titanate as precursor, and following by supercritical
drying. The effect of the preparing conditions and gelation process on macroscopic properties of monolithic TiO₂ aerogels was studied. The results indicate
that the final aerogels, which consist of amorphous TiO₂ with particle sizes of about 4-6nm, are uniform continuous network structural superlight monolithic materials with high porosity. The monolithic TiO₂ aerogels with different densities
and properties can be prepared by controlling the conditions of gelation process vigorously.

This paper investigated the preparation of ultrafine barium titanate powders by using titanium tetrachloride and barium chloride as starting materials and
NH₄HCO₃+NH₃·H₂O as the precipitant. First of all, a thermodynamic analysis was made in detail to find out optimum synthesis
conditions. Experiment results show that the Ba/Ti ratio of starting materials, calcination temperature, pH value of solution, have a close effect
to the physical and chemical performances of the obtained powders. The best conditions are NH₄HCO₃/BaCl₂·2H₂O=1.2; TiCl₄/BaCl₂·2H₂O=1～1.01; reaction time=1h; calacination temperature=920℃ and calcination time 2h. The addition of some
dispersants into the reactant system can obviously reduce particle sizes of the product.

metal magnetic recording powders was prepared in fluidized bed reactor. The results of characterizing with XRD, TEM, VSM etc show that the coercivity of metal powders can be improved by
the H₂+H₂O reduction process. At 460℃ the coercivity of the metal powders is 1520Oe, being 5.6% higher than that of the metal
powder produced by the traditional H₂ reduction process. The fluidized bed reactor is suitable for this process of industry production. It has a number of
advantages such as uniform reaction temperature, good gas-solids contacting, and freedom from sintering of the particles.

Zirconia with average crystalline size of 20nm, regular spherical particle and agglomera-tion free was successfully fabricated by surface modification of polymer
and heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process. The space obstruct of polymer limits the growth of precursor. The distillation effectively dehydrates hydrous
zirconia, which makes butanol molecular substituting water surround the precursor particle. The process prevents the formation of hard agglomerates between zirconia
moleculars. When nanoparticles zirconia added, the antifriction properties of 932 lubricating oil can be improved.

There exist two Pa peaks of vacuum pressure when TiB2 is consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering. The second Pa peak was investigated in this paper. The results indicate that it is caused by vapor deposition from chemical reaction in sintering. The state of original pow- der and sintering technology have influence on the second Pa peak which also has effect on the microstructure of the sintering materials.

Direct coagulation casting (DCC) is a novel in-situ shape-forming method for ceramic green bodies, especially for fabricating parts with complex shapes. On
the basis of a series of studies, such as surface modification of silicon nitride powder, adjustment of pH in dispersing medium and introduction of efficient dispersant,
silicon nitride suspension with low viscosity and high solid loading was prepared. After optimizing the forming parameters, silicon nitride green body with 60% of
the theoretical density and sufficient strength for demoulding was produced. The green body has homogeneous microstructure and smooth fractured surface. The pore
size distribution of the green body is uniform, narrow and unimodal. At a lower sintered temperature (1750℃), bulk density of the material by pressless
sintered is 98% of the theoretical value. The specimen sintered at 1800℃ for 2h has a homogeneity microstructure, flexure strength of 758.4MPa and a fracture toughness of 6.3 MPa·m^1/2.

High performance SiC(f)/SiC composites were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) processing. The effects of pre-coating of SiC fiber on the mechanical properties
and microstructures of SiC(f)/SiC composites were investigated. It was found that the introduction of C or BN pre-coating on SiC fiber surface could promote the pull-out
of fiber and interfacial debonding in the course of fracture markedly, coupled by great increases of fracture toughness and work of fracture. SEM micrographs indicated
that strong interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix was changed, suggesting that the brittle fracture mode of SiC(f)/SiC composite without any pre-coating was
improved. HREM observation showed that in the initial period of CVI processing, graphite interphase with obvious layered configuration with better crystallization degree was first deposited
on the surface of fiber, whereas the C pre-coating on SiC fiber was amorphous.

SiC based reticulated porous ceramics (RPCs) were fabricated from ceramic slurries by the replication
process with polyurethane sponges as the templates. Effect of degassing on the rheological behavior of the slurry and mechanical property of RPCs
was investigated in detail. The rheological behavior of the slurry was improved by degassing, which improved the loading of the slurry on the sponge and
large-scale uniformity of RPCs. The number of pores of approximately 100μm in the struts was reduced significantly by degassing, which
was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and Hg porosimetry. Flexural strength of RPCs increases from 2.34 to 3.18MPa
after degassing. Improvement in the strength of RPCs by degassing is mainly due to the improvement of the strut strength, resulting from the
significant decrease of the large defects in the struts. In addition, a slight increase in the relative density has a contribution to the
increase of the strength. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical model of the mechanical behavior of open cell ceramics.

The monodisperse SiO₂/TiO₂/SiO₂ multiply coated submicrospheres with uniform size, high refractive index and easily assembling
property for constructing photonic crystals were prepared. The multilayer complex submicrosphere consisted of a colloidal silica sphere as core, a thick titania coating, and a outermost, thin coating of silica. Monodisperse colloidal silica spheres with 200nm in diameter were
synthesized through the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) in aqueous ethanol solutions with ammonia as catalyst. The titania coating about 40nm thick on silica cores was formed by the
hydrolysis of titanium n-butoxide(TBOT). The hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was still used to get the outermost silica coating about 10nm thick on titania coated silica submicrospheres. The SiO₂, TiO₂/SiO₂
and SiO₂/TiO₂/SiO₂ submicrospheres were characterized with transmission electron microscopy(TEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(EDS), and the method of gravity sedimentation separately.

TiC/Fe Composite was produced by In-Situ Carbothermic Reduction and Synthesis methods. Ilmenite, a
natural mineral was used as the main raw material. Synthesis and sintering were accomplished unifiedly in vacuum resistance furnace. The main purpose of the
study was to explore a new method to synthesize the advanced TiC/Fe composites with relatively lower cost. The whole thermodynamics process
was analyzed and investigated not only in theory but also through experiments. The synthesis conditions of the product were also discussed.
The study shows that the reaction formation principles of TiC are as following: firstly, FeTiO_3 is reduced by carbon and it forms into Ti_xO^_y
and Fe; secondly, Ti_xO_y continuously reacts with carbon, and oxygen can be reduced out step by step, until the formation of TiC; the growth process of
TiC---firstly TiC_x with enough Ti and short C can be formed, then TiC^_x and C formed into TiC which is approximate the chemical meter
mount proportion. The sintering temperature zone is between 1500-1600℃, with the increase of temperature, the hardness and the relative density are also enhanced. Adding Mo can improve the
interfacial bonding between the metal and TiC. Some residual carbon exists in the reaction product.

The nano Si/C/N composite powders were synthesized from hexamethyldisilazane ((Me₃Si)₂NH) (Me:CH₃) by a laser-induced gas-phase reaction. The powders
are spherical, loosely agglomerate with sizes in range of 20～30nm. The laser synthesis reactor consists of two reaction zones, which can efficiently increase
laser efficiency and production yield. The microwave permittivities of nano Si/C/N composite powders suspended in different matrixes were studied at the frequency range of
8.2～12.4GHz. The ε’ and ε’’ of the nano Si/C/N composite powder decrease with frequency at the frequency range of 8.2～12.4GHz.
The difference being the microwave resonance is not sharply peaked but rather smeared out over a large frequency range. The dissipation factors tgδ(ε"/ε’)
of the nano Si/C/N composite powders are high at the microwave frequencies. The SiC microcrystallines in the nano composite powders can dissolve a great deal of nitrogen,
so charged defects and quasi-free electrons move in response to the electric field, diffusion or polarization current resulted from the field propagation.
The high ε’’ and tgδ of nano Si/C/N composite powders are due to the dielectric relaxation. The unusual ε’, ε’’ and tgδ of the nano Si/C/N composite powders suspended
in different matrixes are attributed to the interface effects between nano Si/C/N composite powders and matrixes.

The composition and structure of the polished cross section of 25mm-diameter PDC were investigated by SEM,
Raman spectrum and XRD. The interface structure and the distribution of bonding phases of the polished vertical section of the PDC were analyzed by
EDW, EDX, and the properties of the combined-interface of the PDC were measured by shear, quenching and compression test. The test results show
that the 25mm-diameter PDC possesses properties as follows: transverse rapture strength σ_b 1160MPa; heat-resistance temperature
742℃; bonding strength τ2.67GPa; average wear-resistance Q 12.3×10⁴ with only 19.2% decrease from the peripheral point to the central point.

The microstructure of the reaction zone and the reaction kinetics of sintered α-SiC/Fe-20Cr alloy
annealed at 900℃ to 1150℃ were studied by using XRD, EMPA, SEM. The reaction zone can be divided into two sections of the SiC
reaction zone and the metal reaction zone, according to the morphology and element distributions of the reaction zone of SiC/Fe-20Cr. The SiC reaction zone has
high Fe and Si, but low Cr concentration, and it is composed of the bright matrix of Fe₃Si, Cr₇C₃ and Cr₃Si, and randomly distributed graphite
precipitates. The metal reaction zone is a uniform region of (Cr,Fe)₇C₃, possessing very high Cr content. It is believed that the interface reaction is
controlled by the atom diffusion through the reaction zone, and the reaction rate constant K is equal to 1.9×10^-4exp((-235×10³)/RT)m²·s^-1. The metal reaction zone hinders the interface reaction
by inhibiting the diffusion of Fe atoms from the alloy towards the SiC reaction zone. The effect of the metal reaction zone can be improved with the increase of
Cr content of the Fe-Cr alloys.

Imprint failure is one of the important failure mechanisms for PZT nonvolatile memo- ries. The imprint properties of Y-dopped PZT(40/60) thin films at bias voltages and a temperature of 120℃ were investigated. The results obtained show that the imprint-resistant properties of the PZT thin films are enhanced by a suitable Y dopant concentration.

The effects of the contents of different regulators including D-sorbital, mannose, galactose, glucose, and fructors on the growth of
hydroxyapaptite crystal seeds were studied, and the crystal seeds obtained were then applied to the in-situ reinforcement of calcium phosphate
cement. The experimental results show that the discrepancies of the surface energy and structure of the crystal of different orientations lead to
different growth rates, and this is the thermodynamic foundation of its in situ reinforcement. The compressive strength of the hardening
body is up to 76.1 MPa, the diamentral tensile strength is up to 24.5 MPa.

According to the fundamental concept of mesoscopic physics, semi-classical electronic transport theory and the electronic structure of carbon nanotube, the conductance property of undoping metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) was studied theoretically. Calculations show that the conductance of SWNT is quantized.

Carbon nanotubes were systhesized at 1100℃ by using ferrocene as the source of catalyst, benzene as source of carbon, hydrogen and argon as the
carrying and diluting gas, respectively, and their structures were analyzed by SEM, TEM and XRD. The inner core of the carbon
nanotube was observed in thinner nanotubes. The formation of carbon nanotubes consists of two steps: the catalysis growth of nanotubes and the deposition
of amorphous carbon. The carbon nanotubes obtained have a hollow diameter of 3～6nm, and are as long as tens of microns. The outer diameter of the
carbon nanotubes is in the range of 20～70nm and uniform along their longitude, and decreases with the increasing of the flow rate of gases. The tips of
the as-grown nanotubes are typically round, though other types of tips existing.

Titanium dioxide films containing Ca and P on titanium alloy were prepared by micro-arc oxidation. The effect of electrolyte composition and micro-arc voltage
on the phase construction, Ca/P atomic ratio, and morphology of the films were explored. The results show that the films are composed of anatase TiO₂ and
rutile TiO₂, which appear dense for inner layer and porous for outer layer in morphology. And Ca/P atomic ratios in the films tend to increase from the film/titanium
alloy interface to the surface. The content of amorphous TiO₂, size of pores, and Ca/P atomic ratio in the films are increased with increasing micro-arc voltage.
However, the films exhibit micro-cracks at higher micro-arc voltage. Increasing Ca/P ratio of the electrolyte can improve the Ca/P atomic ratio in the films.

Nanophase α-Fe₂O₃ particles were systhesized by a solid-phase method. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, Mossbauer spectroscopy and TEM. The results show that the prepared samples are α-Fe₂O₃. The particle sizes of the samples are about 20-40nm and their shapes are peanut-like.

α-FeOOH was prepared by alkaline methods with an organic phosphine complex additive center. γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic powders were made from α-FeOOH by releasing water, reducing, and oxidizing. It was found that the effects of the additives on the rate of oxidation and the topography of α-FeOOH are obvious. When the amount of the complex additive is 1.0×10^-3g/L and R=5.0, magnetic-recording powders with high properties can be obtained.

Ag/AgI hollow glass waveguides are an attractive and flexible fiber for the delivery systems of IR radiation. By the liquid-phase chemistry deposition technique Ag/AgI
hollow glass waveguides with a length of 1.5m and an inner diameter of 1.0, 0.53, 0.32mm, respectively, were successfully fabricated. With the cutback method the attenuation
of waveguides was measured by using Infrared Fourier Translation Spectrometer (FTS--65A) and LTL--35A CO₂ laser. The results show that the attenuation (α) of Ag/AgI
hollow glass waveguides is low within 2.5-20μm wavelength and decreases with the increment of the inner diameter(a) as α∝１／α^３ .
Due to the heat on the insert end of waveguides the attenuation increases as the input power enlarges.

Nanosized β-PbO samples were prepared by solid state coordinations of Lead acetate with 8-hydroxyquinoline, citric acid and oxalic acid respectively. The resulted complex precursors were thermally decomposed to obtain nanosized β-PbO powders. Their physical properties were characterized and discussed by elemental analysis, TG-DTA, XRD and TEM tests.

A novel B₂O₃-P₂O₅-SiO₂ ceramic was synthesized by the conventional mixed-solid method using PbF2 as a low melting point additive. The low dielectric ceramic can be sintered below 900℃ in air. The typical dielectric properties of the sintered ceramics derived from the mixed-solid method show as: dielectric constants below 5, and dielectric loss less than 3×10^-3 at the frequency of 1MHz. The ceramics are potential for using as dielectric material in super high frequency multi-layer chip inductors.

By using pressureless sintering technique, the samples of Al₂O₃ with anisotropic grains through the doping of small amount of TiO₂ and MgO were prepared. The effects of quantity of TiO₂ and MgO and sintering temperature on the microstructure of Al₂O₃ were also investigated. The doping of MgO makes the grains of Al₂O₃ smaller in contrast to the ones in Al₂O₃ doped with pure TiO₂. It is possible to adjust the aspect ratio of Al₂O₃ grains and gain a homogeneous microstructure in Al₂O₃ by means of changing the amount of MgO additions in the material.

The preparation process of nanometer calcium carbonate(CaCO₃) by multistage spray carbonation was studied. The effects of the conditions of spray carbonation and additive dosage on the average particle size of nanometer CaCO₃ were discussed systematically. The primary particle size of carbonated sediment was about 30nm by vacuum desiccation. Then the active nanometer CaCO₃ particles ranged from 30nm to 40nm were obtained by means of surfaction.

A distinct diversification of dielectric character of Ba(Ti_1-yZr_y)O₃ ceramics doped with Yb₂O₃ in different doping style was observed.
When adapted content of Yb₂O₃ is added after synthesis of Ba(Ti_1-yZr_y)O₃, the ferroelectric phase transition points of the ceramics are shifted distinctly,
and the dielectric constants at these points increase greatly. This doping method at 1250℃ results in the sample with a high dielectric constant over
25000 at room temperature and according with Y5V specifications. The enhancement of dielectric constant of Ba(Ti_1-yZr_y)O₃ caused by the doping of Yb₂O₃
after synthesis is associated with the localization of electrons produced by donor doping. Doping by Yb₂O₃ before synthesis results in the sample with a relative
low dielectric constant and a weak efficiency of Curie point shifting. This is due to the compensation of localized-electrons by acceptors that introduced by
the doping of Yb³⁺ replacing Ti site in perovskite lattice.

The HAP dispersing bioglass-Ti6Al4V composite was made by the enameling method. Since the intermediate layer of bioactive glass has no effect on hydroxyapatite
particles, the particles in the coating remain their apatite structure. The sintering temperature greatly effects the microstructure of as obtained intermediate
layer. The bonding strength between bioglass layer and underlined substrates is not less than 29.73 MPa, much higher than that by plasma spraying. XPS results
show that after the coating being soaked in the simulated body fluid for a certain time, new hydroxyapatite particles will separate
out on the surface of the composite coating, showing the composite coating having a good bioactivity.

The thermal stresses in a functionally graded ceramic tool were calculated by using the finite element method. Results show that the thermal stresses in the functionally graded ceramic tool are smaller than in the common ceramic tools in high cutting speed conditions, which was confirmed by the cutting experiment. This phenomenon indicates that functionally graded ceramic tools are more suitable for high- speed cutting than conventional cutting tools.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared on Ti alloy substrate with an rf-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (rf PECVD), their nano-mechanical
properties were evaluated by using a Nano Indenter system with attachments of Continues Stiffness Measurement (CSM) and lateral force measurement (LFM).
The results show that the hardness of those films increases with film thickness, but their increment is small; during scratching, three processes containing fully
elastic recovery, asynchronous recovery of films and substrate, and delaminating of films, successively occur as the increase of load; at the first regime, no
damage could be found on the surface of films, in the second regime, the trace like fish bone formed; as the thickness of films increases, the critical load increases,
but the delamination of films is more severe, which may be attributed to the increase of internal stress in the films.

The low firing temperature glass-ceramics of B₂O₃-P₂O₅-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system were investigated. The dependence of heat-treatment on crystallizing phases and the properties of crystallizing phases were analyzed. This material with low dielectric constant and low loss tangent can be co-fired with Au, Ag/Pb, Cu paste under 1000℃, it can be a promising material for high frequency MLCIs.

Aluminium nitride(AlN) thin films were deposited by RF reactive sputtering and characterized with XPS and XRD. The influence of thermal
annealing on the electron field emission characteristics of the AlN coating on Si substrate was investigated. The results show that the
annealing treatment of the films is a prefer approach to improve the emission stability and has a remarkable effect on the turn-on voltage
and hysteresis of the emission. It is suggested that the mechanism of these effects could be attributed to that the variation of emission properties of the films may arise from the change of surface electron
affinity and conductivity due to the change of impurities and defects density in the films during annealing treatment at various temperatures.

The technical conditions of preparation of molybdenum nitride film electrode by dip-calcination method and the
electrochemical behaviors of the electrode were studied. The results show that the optimum technical conditions to prepare the electrode are as
follows: the dipping drying temperature is 513～473K, the heating rate for calcinator is 1K·min^-1, the calcination time at 990K is 2h,
and then the reaction system cools down along with the furnace which is protected by ammonia gas. The formed film electrode is of uniformity and has
good adhesiveness with Ti substrate. The curve of cyclic voltammetry of the film electrode shows basically rectangle. The film electrode of molybdenum
nitride exhibits a characteristic of capacitor and the reversibility of the kinetics, and shows remarkable stability and reproducibility of
discharge/recharge behavior. The potential range of reversible capacitative behavior is --0.22～0.36V (vs SCE). When the sweep-rate of potential is
less than or equals 100mV·s^-1, the response current density increases with the sweep-rate.