The most recent progress of long afterglow phosphorescent materials on new material design, new application and luminescence mechanism were reviewed.
The development of red and blue materials, the key factor to obtain long afterglow-structure defects and the effect of doped rare earth ions were
introduced. For promoting new material research, the progress of mechanism research was emphasized. Besides carrier transport and tunneling
effect models, two new models-two photons absorption and V_K center were introduced. Long afterglow materials are widely used to illuminate and
display in weak light environment and their application is being expanded to optoelectronic material area, especially as two dimensions of image storage and
detector of high energy ray.

HfO₂ nano powders were prepared by the chemical precipitant method. The influence of different preparation
parameters on the agglomeration was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), BET surface area techniques and laser particle analyzer. Non-agglomerated orthorhombic, HfO₂ powders with a size of about 25nm
can be obtained by controlling starting concentration and pH values of solution, adding surfactants, washing gels with alcohol and calcining
at 700℃. Orthorhombic HfO₂ ceramics of 96% theoretical density can be prepared by sintering at 1800℃ for 2h in hydrogen. The results
show that there are both o-HfO₂ and m-HfO₂ in the sample, mainly o-HfO₂.

The acicular nanocrystalline Mg, Al-hydrotalcite flame-retardant agent, its length being about 100nm and its
diameter being about 10nm, was prepared by the liquid method at normal atmosphere. The effect of preparation technology, which includes the raw
material choice, adding raw material sequence, NaOH concentration, and nucleation temperature, on its phase composition was discussed. And it is
found that the sufficient condition of obtaining nanocrystalline Mg, Al-hydrotalcite is as follows: (1) raw materials must be solubility; (2)
pH value of the reaction solution must be greater than 12; (3) the nucleation temperature must be higher than 45℃; and (4) the adding raw
material sequence must be that adding raw material MgCl₂ follows the other three raw materials. Moreover, it is put forward that the nucleation
process of nanocrystalline Mg,Al-hydrotalcite is as follows: firstly, Al₁₃(OH)₃₂⁷⁺ ions are attracted on the surface of amorphous
Mg(OH)₂ and Al³⁺ ions diffuse in the Mg(OH)₂; secondly, CO₃^2- is inserted in the framework for the balance of the electron valence;
finally, the nucleation of nanocrystalline Mg,Al-hydrotalcite is quickly finished.

A technology to deposite cadmium sulfide nanoparticles on the surface of carbon nan-otubes was proposed, the processing parameters were discussed. Experiment results indicated that by chemical reaction of cadmium chloride and thioacetamide on acid oxidized carbon nanotubes solution, cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were densely deposited on carbon nanotubes with small sizes and uniform distribution.

The gelatin/SiO₂/PAH composite microspheres using gelatin spheres as templates were fabricated
by layer-by-layer self-assembly. Templates were removed by dissolving in hot water and the hollow SiO₂/PAH microspheres were produced. Samples
were characterized by ζ- potential, TEM, IR, TG, etc. measurements. The results showed that SiO₂/PAH was assembled effectively on gelatin
spheres and formed core-shell structure, and hollow structure was obtained by removing gelatin. In the process of dissolving templates, slow-releasing
effect of hollow microspheres was found by the determination of amino acids from the hydrolyzed gelatin.

A series of new muti-conponent glasses of 70TeO₂-(20-x)ZnO-xWO₃-5La₂O₃-2.5K₂O-2.5Na₂O-1Yb₂O₃
(x=0,5,10,15,20mol%) were presented. Thermal stability of the system, spectra and laser properties of Yb³⁺ ions were measured. The result shows that the composition glass of x=15mol% has good thermal stability
((T_x-T_g)=163℃), high absorption and stimulated emission cross-section respectively of 1.80 and 1.32pm² for the ²F_5/2→²F_7/2 transition and exists measured fluorescence lifetime of 0.93ms, the broad fluorescence effective linewidth of 74.5nm and minimize pump
intensity of 0.92kWcm^-2. Evaluated from the good potential laser parameters, it is desirable for high-average power and short pulse tunable
laser.

The microstructure of Ce-TZP ceramics processed by a coating technique, compared to co-precipitated
powder-based Ce-TZP, was analysed using a combination of XRD, SEM, TEM, etc. The results showed that CeO₂-coated powder-based zirconia ceramics
exhibited higher fracture toughness than co-precipitated powder-based zirconia ceramics in spite of a little decreasing hardness. Besides, a
small amount of alumina addition can significantly improve the fracture toughness of CeO₂-coated powder-based zirconia ceramics. In contrast
with homogeneous grain size and stabilizer content distribution of co-precipitated powder-based Ce-TZP ceramics, SEM and EPMA analysis
revealed that coating process resulted in wider grain size and stabilizer content distribution in this Ce-TZP ceramics. The superior fracture
toughness of CeO₂-coated Ce-TZP ceramics was mainly attributed to a fraction of highly transformable tetragonal ZrO₂ grains with low ceria
content. The residual stress existing between anisotropic monoclinic and tetragonal grains, and the thin glass films containing alumina and silica
at grain boundary observed by TEM, were believed to benefit the preservation more tetragonal grains during sintering, contributing to the stress-induced
martensitic phase transformation.

The effect of B₂O₃ dopant amount and sintering temperature on the densification behavior and
microstructure of Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃(x=0～0.4) was investigated, and different contents of B₂O₃ were selected for
the different composition of Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃. Then with a series of doped Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃ powders, graded pellet was fabricated and sintered,
and dielectric property was measured. The results show that, the sintering temperature of B₂O₃-doped Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃ is effectively
lowered at least 100℃ compared with that of undoped Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃, and at 1300℃ the ceramic is nearly full densified. After sintering, the Curie temperature zone of graded
ceramics is broadened remarkably, and the permittivity-temperature coefficient is greatly decreased, which means the accuracy and stability
of components made of such material can be improved.

Oxidation-treated carbon fiber was used to reinforce calcium phosphate bone cement (α-TCP/TTCP).
The effect of length-diameter ratio and content of carbon fiber on the compression strength and bending strength of the hardened body was
preliminarily discussed. The results show that the reinforcing effect is optimal when the length-diameter ratio of carbon fiber is 375 and
the addition quantity is 0.3wt%. The compression strength increases to 155% (maximum: 63.46MPa), bending strength increases to 200% (maximum:
11.95MPa), respectively. However, if the addition quantity is too large or the length-diameter ratio is too high, carbon fiber can
not give play to its function fully, because it can not be dispersed uniformly in the hardened body. The biological evaluation indicates that the carbon
fiber reinforced α-TCP/TTCP has good biocompatibility.

The formation of the bone-like apatite containing carbonate in the calcium phosphate ceramics is important to the growth of the new bone and the
osteoinductivity of the materials. The effect of the micropore porosifer on the formation of the bone-like apatite in carbonate-contained HA/β-TCP ceramics prepared by the new technique was discussed in detail
for the first time. The results show that the bone-like apatite can be formed in shorter time (about 6 days) in this ceramics for the carbonate
mixing into the structure of the apatite crystal. The results also show that the ceramics with the PVB micropore porosifer lead to the better
bone-like apatite formation compared with the SA micropore porosifer, and the best ratio is m_{calcium phosphate powder}:m_PVB=1:0.3.
The optimization of the micropore porosifer is good to improving the osteoinductivity of the carbonate-contained HA/β-TCP ceramics, which
is great help to the restoration of the bone defect.

Microstructures, interfacial resistances, and activation energy of the symmetrical composite cathodes [50wt%(La_0.85Sr_0.15)_0.9MnO_3-δ(LSM)+50wt%
Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.90] were studied for intermediate temperature (550～800℃) solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) based on
Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.90 (SDC) electrolytes. The optimum sintering temperatures for LSM+GNP-SDC and LSM+OCP-SDC composite cathodes are
1200℃ and 1250℃, respectively. The interfacial resistances at 800℃ are 0.78 and 0.35Ω·cm², respectively, for LSM+GNP-SDC and LSM+OCP-SDC, as determined using AC
impedance spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of composite electrodes depends on the electrodes microstructures, which are greatly influenced by
starting powder characteristics and sintering temperatures.

Spinel lithium manganese oxides doped with lithium, nickel and titanium were prepared by a liquid method. FT-IR, XRD and XPS were used to analyse the appearance of samples. Meantime, electrochemical
properties of the materials in the organic electrolyte were researched. The results show that the materials doped with nickel and titanium have a platform in 4V region and have high first discharge capacity(140.9mAh/g),
better cyclic stability than pure spinel lithium manganese oxides. The reason is that nickel and titanium ions displace part manganese ions in 16$d$ positions and lead to the shrinkage of spinel
cells and the increase of valence state of manganese, thus the structure of spinel becomes more steady and Joan-Teller effect is restrained.

The layered Li_0.7Co_xMn_1-xO₂ cathode materials with O₂-type structure were synthesized by using improved
solid-state reaction and ion exchange reaction in atmosphere. The influence of sinter temperature and the content of doping cobalt of the precursor
alkali bronzes was investigated, and XRD analysis, SEM analysis and electrochemical test were used to study the structure and electrochemical
properties of the precursors and samples. The results show that the precursor Na_0.7Co_0.2Mn_0.8O₂ sintered at 900℃ for 16h
has an obviously layered P2 structure. The electrochemical tests show that the sample Li_0.7Co_0.2Mn_0.8O₂ has the best electrochemical
properties which has an initial discharge capacity of 162 mAh·g^-1 cycled between 2.25～4.20V and shows only one charge-discharge plateau of
2.70～2.90V. A significant structure transformation to the spinal-type phase on cycling was not found for the material and a stabilization of
the specific capacity around 153 mAh·g^-1 remained after the 40 cycles for the material.

The high-density spherical precursor MnCO₃ was prepared by controlling the reaction conditions.
Furthermore, the spinel LiMn₂O₄ was obtained from the precursor, which was obtained by pre-heat treatment. The product spinel LiMn₂O₄ has high density of more than 1.8g·cm^-3 and high electrochemical
activity with initial discharge capacity of 125mAh·g^-1. The body-doped spinel LiMnO can be obtained by preparing doped precursor MnCO₃ and the
surface-doped spinel LiMnO can be obtained by coating Mn₂O₃. Both of the methods can improve the cycling performance and high temperature
performance obviously with initial discharge capacity little lowering. Compared with body-doping, surface-doping can restrain the
capacity fading more effectively. It still preserves 109mAh/g after 100 cycles at room temperature, the capacity retention is 92.4%. At high
temperature of 55℃, it has 95mAh/g after 50 cycles and capacity retention of 82.6%.

PEG6000/nano-Ni(OH)₂ sol was prepared by a modified sol-gel method with Ni(Ac)₂. The stable region of
the sol was definited by measuring the viscosity of the sol. Furthermore the flow patterns of the stable sol were studied and the results show that the
stable sol has two flow patterns: Newtonian and pseudoplastic fluid. With the Newtonian fluid of the stable sol, the nano-NiO thin films were produced
by the spin-coating method. The research results indicate that the thickness of the film (d) is largely determined by the factors including angular velocity
(ω), the apparent viscosity of the sol (η) and the content of Ni(OH)₂(M) to the equation: d=K((η^0.74M^2.1)/(ω^0.54)). The quality of the films is influenced
by the flow patterns and the content of PEG of the stable sol. The surfaces of the thin films with Newtonian sol are smooth while those
with pseudoplastic sol are rough and wavy. The surfaces of nano-NiO films with high content of Ni(OH)₂ and low content of PEG6000 are compact and
dense while those with low content of Ni(OH)₂ and high content of PEG6000 are loose.

TiO₂ thin films were prepared successfully by mid-frequency AC reactive magnetron sputtering technique. AES, SEM and XRD were used to examine the composition, surface morphology and
microstructure of the TiO₂ film, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation property of TiO₂ film was investigated using methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) as the degradation object.
The results show that the ratio of O to Ti in the thin film is very close to 2:1. The TiO₂ thin film deposited at 250℃ is composed of anatase. TiO₂ thin films prepared in this paper can photocatalyticly
degrade MB, MO, and DDVP effectively. The TiO₂ thin film after 10 times used no deterioration of photocatalytic activity can be detected.

A novel magnetized plasma CVD and PVD combined technique was developed aiming at synthesizing nanocomposite
films. The nanocrystalline nc-TiN/amorphous a-Si₃N₄ nanocomposite film was satisfactorily fabricated onto silicon wafer
substrates by reactively sputtering a TiSi alloyed target in a magnetized inductively coupled radio-frequency argon/nitrogen plasma.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy (HRTEM) were utilized to characterize the film structurally and compositionally. XRD, XPS and HRTEM investigations evidently revealed that
the film was nanocomposite consisting basically of ～3nm TiN nanocrystallites in an amorphous Si₃N₄ matrix.

Mixed-valent manganites Pr_1-xCa_xMnO₃ are the object of continuously growing interest in the field of superconductors and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) materials. In this work, Pr_1-xCa_xMnO₃
films were successfully prepared by a novel and simple chemical solution deposition method using Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si as the substrate. X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, SEM, AFM, electron microprobe analysis and
Auger microprobe analysis were adopted for the characterization of the prepared material. It is proved that Pr_1-xCa_xMnO₃ films obtained are of single-phase with perovskite structure. The constituent
elements are homogeneous, and Pr_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ particles are densely and compactly distributed in the films.

Polycrystalline Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ thin films were successfully produced on p-Si substrates by sol-gel technique.
Effects of annealing temperature, annealing time, film thickness on the c-axis-oriented growth behavior, ferroelectric properties and leakage
current were studied. The results indicate that annealing temperatureshave remarkable influence on c-axis-oriented growth behavior with an
orientation factor of (00l) (F=(P-P₀)/(1-P₀)) from 0.081 at 550℃ to 0.827 at 850℃, and the annealing time has also influence on it.
Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ thin films are highly c-axis-oriented over 750℃ of annealing temperature and the remanent polarization decreases with the
increase of the orientation factor of (00l). The leakage current densities of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ films increase with the ascending annealing temperature,
but the c-axise-oriented behavior helps to slow down the increase of the leakage current densities of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ films.

Sol-gel derived Ba_0.80Sr_0.20TiO₃ and Pb_0.82La_0.12TiO₃ ferroelectric powders and a low-melting PbO-B₂O₃ glass powder were mixed to prepare paste. The composite
thick films were successfully prepared by screen printing onto the quartz glass substrates with the ITO bottom electrode and then calcined in the sealed silica tube at the low temperature between 550℃
and 750℃. XRD, SEM and LCR were used to measure the structure and dielectric constants of the composite thick films. The results show that the high infiltration of the PbO-B₂O₃ liquid
phase in the thick film gives rise to the ferroelectric powders uniform encapsulated by the PbO-B₂O₃ phase at the temperature of 750℃ and then the mass transport through the liquid phase, which
promote the densification of the thick film. The stable coexistence between the Ba_0.80Sr_0.20TiO₃ and Pb_0.82La_0.12TiO₃ crystal phases can be controlled directly by both the glass phase
encapsulated and the diffusion from the particles to the glass phase. The slight reduction of the lattice of the PLT-82 crystal phase in the thick film occurs due to Pb²⁺ ion vacancy generated by the diffusion.
The relative dielectric constant of the composite thick films exhibits the temperature-stable behavior. The variance of the dielectric constants is less than 18% in the temperature range 0--300℃

the AAO template was produced with one step anodizing oxidation, the pores were not well arrayed in order,
but they were distributed on substrate almost in proportional spacing, they effectively increased the surface area and provided depositing sites for
catalysts. Cobalt particles were uniformly electrodeposited on this AAO template, the cobalt particles had uniform diameter. CVD were used to grow carbon nanotubes on this template. The investigation of SEM
and TEM showed that carbon nanotubes in high density uniformly covered the surface of the template and formed a film. These carbon nanotubes
had the single shape of bamboo. The growth mechanism of these carbon nanotubes with bamboo shape was proposed on the basis of growth dynamics.

The composite materials of natural graphite (NG) and nano-scaled carbon were obtained by doping
with carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon nanopowder (CNP) respectively. The Electrochemical performance of NG, CNT, CNP and their composite
materials were investigated as the anode materials of lithium ion batteries. The study shows carbon nanotube has large irreversible capacity loss and
its composite material is not suitable to anode for lithium ion batteries. There are good cooperation effect between CNP and NG, their composite
material shows very good electrochemical performance, compared with NG, its charge and discharge specific capacities increase by 9.8% and 9.4%,
respectively.

The structure, growth feature and graphitizability of typical rough laminar (RL) and smooth laminar (SL)
pyrolitic carbons in carbon/carbon composites were studied by using transmission electron microscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy.
The results show that RL pyrolitic carbon is characterized by a plate-like structure and featured by growth cones. The c axis of every crystallite in
the same cone is parallel each other, and there is a small angle between those in the adjacent cones. Whereas no obvious growth feature
can be observed in SL pyrolitc carbon. RL pyrolitic carbon is more graphitizable than SL. Heat treated at 2400℃, the angular
width of the (002) diffraction arc of them are 39℃ and 66℃ respectively, and the graphitization degree 87.6% and 25.6%. A growth model was proposed to explain the growth
feature of RL pyrolitic carbon.

A stitch method was adopted to improve interlaminar fracture toughness of fabric-reinforced laminates.
The double cantilever beam (DCB) test was executed for stitched laminates to study interlaminar fracture toughness and fracture behaviour. The improved insert type loading fixture was adopted to test the
Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (G_IC) of different stitching laminates and the relation between the stitch parameters(stitch density) and the interlaminar fracture toughness (G_IC)
was discussed. In order to improve the average interlaminar fracture toughness, stitching technique was optimized under the restriction of stretching and curving strength. Photographic microscope was
used to observe the fracture interface. The effect of stitching parameters on the other performance was also analyzed. The results show that the test of the interlaminar fracture toughness of the laminate
can be easily done by using the improved insert type loading fixture; The extension of the opening is discontinuous and the stitch density has a great effect on the opening extension; The bigger the stitch
density is, the bigger the interlaminar fracture toughness is, but the stretching and curving strengths decrease with the increasing of the stitch density, and the stitch density has a optimum value.

The Gibbs energy values of O’-Sialon and X phase were calculated by the thermodynamic quasi-paraboloid
rule, and the process of synthesizing O’-Sialon, β-Sialon and X phase was analyzed thermodynamically. The effects of technological factors (such as amount of reducing agent added, nitriding temperature etc.)
on the synthesis of O’-Sialon based on coal gangue by the reduction-nitridation method were investigated. The results show that the use of metallic Si powder as reducing agent is more effective in prompting
O’-Sialon formation. About 80% O’-Sialon content may be attained, and the increase in nitriding temperature is advantageous to the synthesis of O’-Sialon.

Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ soft magnetic alloy powders and its bulk alloys were prepared by the mechanical
alloying (MA) method and cryogenical high pressure solidification process. Phase components, average grain size, thermal stability of powders and relative
density of bulk alloys of the samples were analyzed by XRD, DSC, SEM and TEM. The results showed that (1) after MA for 70 hours, bcc single phase α-Fe
nanocrystalline supersaturate solid solution powders with average grain size 9.5nm can be obtained; (2) four exothermal peaks with different intensity
appeared in DSC heating-up curves, these peaks corresponded to structural relaxation of distorted nanocrystalline supersaturate solid solution,
crystallization of small quantity amorphous and phase precipitation of supersaturate solid solution, respectively. Phase precipitation of
supersaturate solid solution included two stages; (3) under the sintering conditions of P=5.5GPa, t=5min and P_w=980W, single phase α-Fe
nanocrystalline bulk alloys with 98.4% relative density and about 12.5nm average grain size can be obtained, soft magnetic properties of
the bulk alloys were specific saturation magnetization M_s=1.71×10^-7Wb·m/g, coercive force H_c=8.22×10³A/m.

The effect of various contents of dispersant on the rheological behavior of alumina suspensions stabilized
with TAC (Tri-Ammonium Citrate) was studied. Based on analyzing the interaction potential among particles in the suspensions, the rheological
behavior of suspensions, such as shear thinning and shear thickening, was elucidated. It was considered that there exists particle clusters caused
by the collision between particles due to Brownian motion in the static suspensions, and shear thinning is the result of decomposition of
thermodynamic clusters while shear thickening is the result of formation of hydrodynamic clusters. The viscosity of alumina suspensions at low and
high shear rate is respectively determined by zeta and Stern potential near the particle surface, and shear thickening behavior can be suppressed
with excess TAC amount. At the same time, the critical shear rates γ_c (the onset of shear thickening) dependence on the particle size was quantified
with a simple shear model.

A new multifunctional method which integrates the transient hot-wire technique and hot-wire parallel
technique for determining the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of abionanofluids was presented. The maximum deviation of thermal conductivity
and diffusivity between experimental results and TPRC-recommended values was --0.4% and --2.7% respectively. The accuracy of the measurement was estimated ±0.5% and ±3%
respectively. The experimental results showed that the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of nanofluids α-Al₂O₃ in ethylene glycol (EG) and TiO₂ in water
were anomalously higher than those of EG and water. The heat capacity of nanofluids TiO₂ in water was 10.4% higher than predicted.

Composite nanoparticle MgO/SnO₂ was prepared by the coprecipitation method. The particle size, structure, phase
and composition of samples were characterized by TG, XRD, TEM and EDS. The catalytic activity of product on the thermal decomposition of RDX was
determined by DSC. The results show that average particle size of samples are about 3nm. Mg doping takes the role of improving the thermal stability,
and can enhance the catalytic activity of product. The samples can make the peak temperature of thermal decomposition of RDX decrease 8.5℃,
and make the decomposite enthalpy ΔH of RDX increase 518J·g^-1 (about50%).

A method of micro-mixing-precipitation technology was developed from membrane dispersion technology to prepare
ultra-fine TiO₂ particles. Titanic sulfate was selected as the dispersed phase, and ammonium acid carbonate as the continuous phase. The influences of
the reactant concentrations and two-phase flow rate were investigated. The crystal structure and crystal dimension of the particles were analyzed by
XRD, morphology, particle size and size distribution by TEM. The results showed that the spheric TiO₂ nano-particles with small size and narrow
size distribution could be prepared with the method. The crystal dimension and the particle size of the TiO₂ particles were increased with the
increasing of reactant concentrations at first, then decreased. They also were decreased with the increasing of the flow rate of Ti(SO₄)₂ solution,
but increased with the increasing of the flow rate of NH₄HCO₃ solution.

Polycrystalline nano-sized powders of aluminium yttrium garnet (YAG) were synthesized by a mixed
solvo-thermal method at low temperature(300℃) and low pressure (10MPa). The phase transformation, composition and micro-structural features
of the final products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR, BET, and TEM techniques. X-ray powder diffraction patterns indicated that pure
phase YAG powder was synthesized in the mixed solvent at lower temperature. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the averaged size of
crystallite was 20nm and well dispersed. The mechanism of YAG formation in the hydrothermal condition was investigated based on the results.

ZnO microcrystals with rod-like and sphere-like morphologies were successfully synthesized by a emulsion-solvothermal method using Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O and CO(NH₂)₂ as raw
materials and oleic acid and n-hexadecan as solution. The obtained ZnO microcrystals were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR and SAED. The rod-like ZnO microcrystals with an average size of 50nm×320nm
were prepared when the volume ratio of oleic acid and n-hexadecan was 1:6. The sphere-like ones with an average size of 200nm were obtained when the volume ratio of oleic acid and n-hexadecan
was 3:1. The method of this paper is simple, which may be a promising approach for the preparation of oxides with controlled morphologies.

Nanocrystalline tin oxide particles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method from the starting
material tin nitrate, free from the widely used tin chlorides. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by means of FT-IR, XRD and
TEM. FT-IR shows that the particles are well crystallized at the hydrothermal temperatures. XRD shows that the obtained particles are
in the cassiterite structure (SnO₂), and the diffraction peaks are considerably broadened and the broadening becomes narrower as the hydrothermal temperature
turns higher. The unit cell volume of the SnO₂ nanoparticles shrinks with the growth of the particles. TEM shows the particles are all monodispersed and have narrow size distributions.

Highly-dispersed Mg(OH)₂ powders were prepared via interaction of magnesium chloride with
sodium hydroxide followed with hydrothermal treatment. The influence of process parameters, such as the mixing way of raw materials, temperature,
and the mole ratio of magnesium chloride to sodium hydroxide, on the morphology and structure of magnesium hydroxide was investigated. The
experimental results indicate that Mg(OH)₂ particles with regular shape and large size are formed at higher temperature (90℃) or
by adding NaOH into MgCl₂ solution. SEM micrographs show that the size of Mg(OH)₂ particles is about 0.7μm. The excess of MgCl₂ is
favorable for the formation of Mg(OH)₂ particles with bigger size and stable structure.

Two kinds of low-angle boundary (mosaic structure) in Ce:YAP were observed by etching figures and rocking-curve. From SEM figure, the boundary angle on (010) plane estimated is 51". The rocking-curve by four-crystal high-resolution XRD shows that the boundary angle on the plane paralleled with [010] is 58". The FWHM (Full Width-Half Maximum) of rocking-curve is 54", and the one of ideal YAP crystal calculated out is 17" according to Darwin s theory. The integrality of Ce:YAP sample was analyzed on the basis of these result.

A kind of Mg-doped near stoichiometric LiNbO₃ crystal was grown with Czochralski method from
a stoichiometric melt with addition of 11mol% K₂O and 1mol% MgO. Compared with congruent LiNbO₃ crystal, its ultraviolet absorption
edge shifts towards short wavelength and the location and shape of the OH^- infrared absorption band also change distinctly, so that the Mg²⁺
doping concentration can be considered as having reached the optical damage resistant threshold concentration. Acid etching result shows that the
crystal has regional single domain structure.

High performance grain-oriented 0.7Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.3PbTiO₃ ceramics were prepared by the directional solidification method, of which the preferential orientation is [112], and the orientation degree is about 35%, the quasistatic d₃₃ is about 1500-1600pC/N, coupling factors k_t is 0.51 and k₃₃ is 0.82, and the strain is 0.23% under 22kV/cm electric field.

The preparation of PLZT ceramics $via$ mechanical alloying was studied. The result shows that PLZT powders can
be synthesized via high energy ball milling for 5h with nano-TiO₂ powders, while only very weak PLZT peak can be found from the XRD pattern of the oxide
mixtures milled for 30 h without nano-TiO₂ powders. So nano TiO₂ particles are very important to synthesize PLZT powders via mechanical alloying. High density
PLZT ceramics were obtained by using the ball milled powders by sintering from 1000 to 1200℃. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric measurement results of the sintered PLZT ceramics were
comparable with the values reported in the literature for the same composition.

A new kind of materials applied to the artificial heart valve, rutile-TiO₂ thin film on low temperature
isotropic pyrolysis carbon (LTI-carbon) was deposited through the enhanced ion beam approach. The thrombosis on the surface of samples was observed
through platelet adhesion in vitro and animal experiments in vivo, respectively. Compared with LTI-carbon material, there is
much less platelets adhesion, aggretated and coagulated as well as deformed on the surface of the thin film. Animal experiments in vivo
also show that the amount of thrombus on the observed surface is much less than that of LTI-carbon. There are numerous platelets and
fibrin aggregated and formed on the surface of LTI-carbon, but not on the surface of the thin film. The anti-coagulability of the deposited rutile-TiO₂ thin film is much better
than that of LTI-carbon traditionally used in artificial heart valves. And it also indicates that the deposited TiO₂ thin film is a new kind of promising
materials applied to artificial heart valves.

SrTiO₃(STO), BaTiO₃(BTO) and Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃(BST)ferroelectric thin films were grown
epitaxilly on SrTiO₃(100) single crystal substrates by the laser molecular beam epitaxy(LMBE) method. The growth of the thin films was in-situ monitored with
reflective high energy electron diffraction(RHEED). By using atomic force microscopy(AFM) and RHEED the growth modes were investigated. With the
observation of the varieties of the RHEED intensity oscillations and the diffraction patterns the dynamic and the static crystallization temperature
was controled and confirmed, the epitaxial growth of STO, BTO and BST thin films in layer-by-layer mode was performed at temperatures of 280, 330 and 340℃,
respectively.

SBA-15 molecular sieve was prepared under a strong acidity condition by using triblock
copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) as the template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as the
silica source by means of a hydrothermal method. La-(SBA-15) composite materials were prepared by a solid-liquid exchange method using
the calcinedhost material SBA-15 molecular sieve and lanthanum chloride in water and water+alcohol media, respectively. By mean of chemical analysis,
powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique and infrared spectroscopy, the validity of the preparative method and the effect
of it on the pore structure of SBA-15 molecular sieve were evaluated. In addition, the luminescence phenomena of La-(SBA-15) product were
observed. The results show that lanthanum has been incorporated into SBA-15 molecular sieve. The silanol groups on the internal wall surfaces are the major sites for
lanthanum incorporation. The part of the guest is in the channels of the molecular sieve. The prepared materials La-(SBA-15) keep the highly ordered
mesoporous two-dimensional hexagonal structure and do not change the mesoporous channel structure of the support SBA-15.