The Yb³⁺-doped scintillation crystals are novel kinds of scintillators, which may be applied to the detection of the solar neutrinos. This paper briefly introduced the mechanism of charge transfer luminescence in scintillators containing Yb³⁺ ions, and the host effect on the thermal and concentrations quenching. This paper also reviewed the research development of Yb^3+-doped garnet and perovskite crystals, especially on the growth^, scintillation properties and promising application of Yb:YAG and Yb:YAP crystals. Finally the future research topics of the Yb³⁺-doped scintillation crystals were discussed.

ZrO₂:Dy nanocrystals with different sizes and concentrations of Dy³⁺ were prepared with the precipation method. The results indicate that the broad excitation and emission bands
in ZrO₂ nanocrystals occur, which are associated with the electron transition between valence and conduction bands. In Dy³⁺ doped samples,
the luminescent intensity increases with the increase of particle sizes. The emission intensity of Dy³⁺ for co-doped Dy³⁺/Li⁺ ZrO₂
dramatically increases. As the concentration of Dy³⁺ varies, the intensity ratio of yellow to blue emission changes, and the concentration
quenching is originated from the exchange interaction.

The low-agglomerated single-phase YAG nanopowders were synthesized by the microwave homogeneous precipitation in the presence of urea. The composition and transformations during
calcination of YAG precursor were analyzed by IR, DTA/TG and XRD. The size and morphology of YAG powders were characterized by LD and TEM. Results show
that the amorphous precursor crystallizes directly to single-phase YAG powders upon calcining to 900℃ that was synthesized under [urea]/[metal ions]
molar ratio of 15. The size distribution and sinterability of YAG powders are obviously improved by adding (NH₄)₂SO₄ into the reaction solution.
YAG powders obtained from the precursor with the (NH₄)₂SO₄ content of 8% have good sinterability and can be highly densified at 1500℃.

We explored the synthesis methods of Ba₃BPO₇ by the high temperature solid reaction method; single phase of Ba₃BPO₇ was obtained with 3:1
molar ratio of BaCO₃ and BPO₄, 3:1:1molar ratio of BaCO₃, NH₄H₂PO₄ and H₃BO₃, 2:1:1 molar ratio of BaCO₃, BaHPO₄ and H₃BO₃, respectively. The hydrolyzation and thermal
stability properties of Ba3BPO7 were investigated. The results show that Ba₃BPO₇ can react with water and form the final
products of Ba₃(PO₄)₂, Ba₅(PO₄)₃OH and Ba(OH)₂; TG-DTA shows that it melts congruently and its melting point is about
1353℃. The X-ray excited luminescent properties of Ba₃BPO₇ with rare earth activated were also investigated. The results show that
there is energy transfer between the host and rare earth ions.

Red phosphors (Ca_1-xSr_x)TiO₃:0.002Pr³⁺ (x=0～0.6) were prepared by solid state reaction route and their properties were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectra and XRD,
respectively. All samples have a red emission peak at 612nm due to the intra-4f transition of Pr³⁺ from ¹D₂ to ³H₄ state. The results
indicate that both emission intensity and a axis parameter show an extremum at x=0.15: the emission intensity is enhanced about 3 times, and the lattice
parameter of a axis shows a minimum value. The results show that, besides the charge defects induced by unequilvalent ion substitution, the equilvalent
Sr²⁺ substitution for Ca²⁺ can also influence the emission intensity through the crystal structure evolution.

A zirconia coated alumina nanocomposite was synthesized by the one-step alkoxide hydrolyzing method. A layer of very uniform nanocrystalline
zirconia shell with its thickness about 4～5nm was successfully coated onto the commercial nano-alumina particle. The thickness of the zirconia
layer can be controllable by adjusting the concentrations of zirconium source and acetic acid. The results show that such novel core-shell
nanocomposite powders of alumina-zirconia can be helpful to inhibit the much faster growth of alumina particles and show the uniform surface
morphogenesis. XRD, TEM, FESEM and EDS were used for the structural characterizations.

Cobalt bearing magnetite particles were synthesized by aerial oxidation of ferrous and cobalt ions at alkaline condition and room temperature. The samples obtained at different intervals during reaction were characterized by XRD and IR. The cobalt-bearing ferrites were produced through the green-rust intermediate
phase. Different compounds were synthesized by using Co²⁺/Fe³⁺ starting ratios of 1/20, 1/15, 1/10, 1/7, 1/5 and 1/3, and Co-ferrites with Co/Fe ratios of 0.05,0.06,0.08, 0.12, 0.17, 0.18 were obtained.
The chemical composition and microstructure of those precipitates were characterized by chemical analysis and XRD. Meanwhile, further information of the producing process was confirmed by Mossbauer
analysis. The results reveal that in the conditions of room temperature Co²⁺ will replace Fe³⁺ at octahedral positions in the spinel structure, and the increase of Co in initial solution is disadvantageous
to the formation of the spinel structure. The non-magnetic ferric oxide is included in the compound containing Co outside the green-rust system.

This paper presented a new method to prepare γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. After the reaction of FeCl₃ with NaOH in the presence of polyethylene glycol(PEG-400), the precipitate was dried at
60℃ in air and then calcined at different temperatures for 1h. XRD, Mossbauer spectroscope, TEM, FTIR and TG-DTA were used to characterize the obtained samples. The results
show that after the precipitate dried at 60℃ for 6h, a poor-crystalline γ-Fe₂O₃ powder forms, and calcined at 300℃ for 1h, the poor-crystalline powder turns to rod-like
γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with aspect ratio about 5.

Ferroelectric/ferromagnetic multiphase composite powders consisting of PbTiO3 as ferroelectricity and NiFe2O4 (PbFe12O19) as ferromagnetism were successfully formed in situ by the sol-gel method. The phase structure was measured by XRD and the morphology was observed by SEM. The results show that the biphase composite powder consisting of PbTiO3 and NiFe2O4 are formed at - 700℃ and the triphase composite powder consisting of PbTiO3, NiFe2O4 and PbFe12O19, above 750℃ in situ in alead-acetate/tetrabutyl-titanate/nickel-acetate/ferric-nitrate precursor system. The forming and growing processes are dependent on the calcination temperatrues of the powders. In addition, the phases coexisting in the composite system are mostly in forms of solid solutions, and the lattice constant of each phase varies with the different amount of phase solubility.

The nanocrystalline Ni_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄ was synthesized by a sol-gel auto-combustion method using citric acid as the chelating agents. The analysis methods of FT-IR, XRD, DSC-TG,
TEM, wave-guide were used to character the gel and the products. The phenomena of melt, combustion and forming crystal for gel were investigated in the processes of thermo-decomposition.
The results show that metal ions and carboxyl are coordinated by the oriented manner. The temperature of decomposition for the gel is 220℃,
and the nanocrystalline is formed after the combustion of the gel. The mixture, which consists of Ni_0.8Zn_0.2Fe₂O₄ nanocrystalline and
paraffin, has both dielectric loss and magnetic loss in the frequency range of 8～12GHz. The reflectivity of spinel nanocrystalline increases and
the reflectivity absorption peaks shift from high frequency to low frequency with the increase of thickness.

Er³⁺-doped phosphate glasses with various concentrations of OH groups were fabricated. The effects of technological parameters on result of Reaction Atmosphere Process were investigated.
The dehydrate process was discussed by thermodynamic theory of open system. The results show that the dehydration reagent in the bubbling gas is the main dynamic force of dehydration reaction, and the OH groups are removed rather rapidly at the initial stage. Elevating temperature and increasing
bubbling flux can conduce to the increase of dehydration efficiency. The rate of dehydration in the glass melt is affected by ‘cage effect’. The dehydration rate is controlled by the probability of
forming encounter twins between OH and CCl₄.

This paper presents the characterization and investigation of the optical properties on doubly-doped large PbWO₄:(Sb,Y) crystals grown by the modified Bridgman method. Based on the comparison
measurement of the optical transmission spectra, X-ray excited luminescence, photoluminescence, decay time, light yield and irradiation damage for 23mm×23mm×20mm crystal samples
cut from seed end, middle part and top end of a large PbWO₄:(Sb,Y) crystal ingot, the results show that co-doping Sb and Y can significantly improve the light yield, radiation hardness and other spectroscopic properties of PbWO₄ crystal. However, the uniformity of large PbWO₄:(Sb,Y) crystal needs to be further improved based on the comparison of measurement results.

The sapphire boule grown by TGT is a bit colorful due to the volatilization of graphite heater at high temperature and absorptions of transitional metal ions in raw material. It is light red at the shoulder and little yellow at the bottle of the sapphire boule, respectively. The as-grown sapphire boule (φ110×80mm³) turns out colorless and transparent after being decolourized and decarbonized in air and hydrogen successively at high temperature. The quality, optical transmissivity and homogeneity of the sapphire boule have remarkably improved.

By using lead acetate, zinc propionate, niobium ethoxide, zirconium propoxide and titanium butoxide as precursors, zinc and niobium modified lead zirconate titanate (PZN-PZT) gel fibers were
fabricated by the sol-gel method. Prolyzed and sintered, The PZN-PZT ceramic fibers with a diameter of about 25μm were obtained.
The SEM micrographs show that these ceramic fibers are dense and uniform. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that sintering temperatures will
affect the crystal structure of PZN-PZT ceramics. When the sintering temperature higher than 1250℃, the sintered ceramics and ceramic
fibers have a pure perovskite structure. The densities of the bulk ceramic and ceramic fiber are 7.70×10³kg/m³ and 7.80×10³kg/m³, which
were measured by Archimedes method. The electromechanical coupling coefficient k_t, piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ and relative permittivity
ε of the PZN-PZT fiber/epoxy 1-3 composite disk with 63% fibers loaded are 0.65, 403 pC/N and 1300, respectively. The k_t, d₃₃ and ε
of the PZN-PZT ceramics made from the sol-gel powder are 0.48, 600 pC/N and 2627, respectively.

The ceramic composite which has a super high dielectric constant was prepared by compounding and sintering Acetylene Black(AB) and BaTiO₃ together in the protective atmosphere. Microstructure
and morphology of the composite were measured by XRD and SEM, and the dielectric properties were measured by LCZ meter. The results indicate that the prepared samples, are much difficult to
form BaTiO₃/AB composites when sintering in air atmosphere and at high temperature, because AB is oxidated and volatilized under that case. But the calcination process is improved due to the
formation of liquid phases with decomposition and volatilization of AB in the AB doped BT system, AB can however be distributed in the sintered BaTiO₃ matrix perfectly when sintering in the protective
atmosphere of N₂. The BaTiO₃/AB ceramic composite with dense structure is hence formed completely while calcining at the temperature range 1200℃ to 1250℃. The dielectric constant
of the BaTiO₃/AB composite is increased evidently around the percolation threshold. The super high dielectric constant of 35000 can be obtained in BaTiO₃/AB composites when AB content between 0.8wt% and 2.0wt%, which is 12 times more than that of BaTiO₃ without AB doping.

The protuberance phenomenon in shape of conic or cylinder was discovered for the first time. It was found by EDS that the protuberance is entity formed by ZnO, not the air bubble. And it was proved that the polar growth of ZnO leads to the protuberance phenomenon. The detailed reasons were probed from internal and external courses. The internal course is the polar structure and morphology of ZnO crystal. The external course is the physical and chemical environment made by Bi₂O₃ liquid phase, and this conclusion was proved by the comparisons of the samples which fabricated by 97mol%ZnO+3mol%Bi₂O₃ (in mole) compound and 100mol% (in mole) ZnO compound.

Lithium and nickel co-doped LiMn_2-2xLi_xNi_xO₄ cathode materials (x= 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) were synthesized by a high temperature solid-state reaction route. The microstructures and morphologies of the samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and field emitted scanning electronic microscopy. The bond lengths of the MnO6 octahedrons and the electrochemical performances in both room temperature and elevated temperature (55℃) were characterized and discussed in comparison with LiMn₂O₄ spinel. The result reveals that LiMn_2-2xLi_xNi_xO₄ samples have a good reversibility. It is suggested that the co-doping of lithium and nickel in LiMn₂O₄-based compounds could stabilize the spinel structure and improve the capacity retention of the cathode materils.

Spinel LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄ cathode materials for Li-ion batteries were synthesized by Pe-chini process, and their crystalline structure, apparent morphology and electrochemical performance were characterized with XRD, SEM and charge-discharge test. Results show that the samples of LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄ possess pure spinel phase, better morphology and uniform distribution of gain sizes, with the increase of Cr content, the lattice parameters are reduced, but Cr content has a little effect on the phase structure and morphology of LiCr_xMn_2-xO₄ . When Cr content increases, the specific capacity of the products will decrease, the stability of spinel structure and cycle performance will be improved.

La_0.6M_0.4Fe_0.8Cr_0.2O_3-δ(M=Ca, Sr, Ba) fine powders were synthesized by a glycine-nitrate process(GNP). BET test shows that the specific area of the obtained powders is
over 20 m²·g^-1. XRD test shows that the crystalline structure formed is at the stage of ignition by the method, the powder of La_0.6Ca_0.4Fe_0.8Cr_0.2O_3-δ(LCFC) is pure cubic
perovskite-type after calcined at 850℃ for 2h, and its relative density (sintered at 1100℃) is 95%. The primary powders of LSFC and LBFC are with two-phase structure and with poor sintering
activities than that of LCFC at low temperature. The relative density of these ceramics sintered over 1300℃ is 95%. Four-probe technique tests indicate that the conductivity of doped-samples
is two orders of magnitude higher than that of LaFeO₃, The changes of conductivity with temperature below 700℃ are in accord with the conduction mechanism of small polarons. The electrical
conductivity of LCFC at 800℃ is over 50 S/cm which indicates that LCFC may have potential application for IT-SOFC cathode.

The electrochemical properties of MmMn_0.4Co_0.7Al_0.3Ni_3.4 hydrogen storage electrode with CNTs and Ni additives were invesitigated. The results show that the addition of CNTs
in the alloys improves the discharge capacity and initially activation performance. The alloy electrodes with CNTs, CNTs+Ni additives can be completely activated after 11 charge-discharge cycles with
maximum capacity of 255.1 and 270.5 mAh/g, respectively. However, activation process of the electrode containing Ni powder needs 24 cycles and the maximum capacity is 245.0 mAh/g accordingly. And also,
the addition of CNTs, CNTs+Ni in the alloys modifies the high-rate dischargeability(HRD) performance and reveals the higher discharge voltage. The HRD of electrodes with CNTs, CNTs+Ni, Ni and without
any additives are 80.5%, 83.9%, 66.9% and 62.4% at the discharge current of 1000 mAh/g, respectively. From their kinetics analysis of linear polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,
the addition of CNTs in the alloys decreases the ohmic resistance and improves the rate of charge transfer reaction on the surface, and contributes to the discharge under the high current conditions.

Effect of sintering temperature and heating rate on densification, grain size and dielectric properties of B_2O_3-doped Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃(x=0～0.4, in step of 0.02) graded ceramics was investigated.
With the increase of sintering temperature, B₂O₃ volatilization and densification improvement resulted in Curie peak elevated and sharpened. With the increasing of dopant content, grains grew
up uniformly, and dielectric constant and loss increased. While dopant volatilization, densification process and grain growth were fulfilled synchronously with appropriate heating rate, which conduces
to the dielectric improvement and dielectric loss reduction for the graded ceramics. In addition, B₂O₃ doping lowered at least 150℃ of the sintering temperature, and the dielectric loss was reduced
obviously; Curie peak was broadened and flattened remarkably and the temperature coefficient of permittivity was decreased greatly, which means the accuracy and stability of components with such
material can be improved.

The formation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolite synthesized after alkaline activation of a Chinese fly ash, as a function of temperature, liquid/solid ratio, NaOH concentration
and reaction time in closed systems were investigated. Temperature affected mainly the crystallinity of zeolite formed, liquid/solid ratio
affected mainly the type of zeolite, and while NaOH concentration and reaction time influenced both of them. The CEC value of synthesized products
increased greatly as a function of temperature, liquid/solid ratio and reaction time until the temperature of 110℃, the ratio of 2.5,
and the time of 16h were reached, and then approached to a constant value. The CEC value of synthesized zeolite increased initially with the increase
in NaOH concentration, reached its maximum value at a concentration of 2mol·L^-1, and then decreased sharply above the concentration.
The results show that from the economic point of view, the optimal conditions are as follows: a temperature of 110～120℃, a reaction time of 8～16h,
a liquid/solid ratio of 2.5, and a NaOH concentration of 2mol·L^-1.

The online pH value evolutions of a novel Sr-containing calcium phosphate cement (Sr-CPC) pastes together with the extracts of their hardened bodies immersed in the culture medium
were measured and the cytotoxicities of various hardened bodies were evaluated by MTT assay. Results obtained from the XRD and FTIR analyses
show that most of the Sr-CPC has transformed into Sr-containing apatite solid solution after subjected an immersion process in SBF for 24h.
CO₃^2- ion can be detected in the final set product, which is similar to the bone-like apatite. The pH values of various cement pastes basically
vary in the range of 6.5～7.8. All extracts exhibit no or low cytotoxicity with a score of 0 or 1 grade according to the six-grade criterion in GB/T
16175-1996. A slight relevance exists among the cytotoxicity and concentration of extracts and acting time.

A noval Sr-containing calcium phosphate cement (Sr-CPC) was synthesized by mixing tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous, strontium hydrogen phosphate and phosphate acid. The
effects of weight ratio of cement powder to liquid (P/L), the content of Sr and immersion time of samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) on their compressive strength and microstructure of samples were investigated.
The results show that there exists an optimum P/L ratio for each cement paste with an excellent workability and setting times, and the setting times of the cement paste obtained at its optimum P/L ratio meet
the clinical demands. After immersion in SBF for 24h, the Sr-CPC has transformed into Sr-containing deficient-calcium apatites. The content of Sr and immersion time of samples in SBF have distinct
effects on the compressive strength (CS) of the cement hardened bodies. A proper content of Sr and a shorter immersion time are beneficial to improving the CS, and the variation of macrostructure plays
a significant role in the CS of the hardened bodies during immersion in SBF.

Calcium phosphate(CPC)/BMP bioactive composite bone cement was prepared with ultrafine α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) powders and assist agent premixed with freezed bone morphogenetic protein
(BMP) powders. By means of the hydraulic characterization, the composition, cement liquid and promoting solidification agent of the bone cement were optimized. Osteogenesis of the BMP combined bone cement
was investigated in the rat muscle pouch. Results show that the novel bone cement with excellent hydraulic properties can be developed with 0.95α-TCP, 0.025CaHPO₄, 0.025CaO as the basic composition
and 0.25mol/L NaH₂PO₄/Na₂HPO₄ solution([P]_T=0.5mol/L)as the cement solution, which can satisfy with the harden strength required for clinic surgery. Initial setting time and final
setting time of the bone cement are 6min and 30min respectively. The particle size of α-TCP has great influence on the characteristics of bone cement, and the suitable particle size (d₅₀)
will be 1.3μm. The compressive strength of the bone cements reaches 33 MPa after soaking in Hank’s solution for 5 days. The morphology of the bone cement becomes a network of hydroxyapatite
(HA) after soaking. Ectopic osteogenesis of CPC/BMP composite bone cement is distinct, and lamellar bone can form within 4 weeks, proving the strong osteo-induction capacity of the materials. This bioactive
bone cement with good hydraulic characteristics and strong osteogenesis is expected to be a promising bone grafting materials for tissue engineering.

HA(ZrO₂)-316L stainless steel fibre asymmetrical functionally gradient biomaterial(FGM) was successfully fabricated under 1100℃ by low pressure hot isostatic pressing(HIP) technique. Metallographical
microscope, SEM, EDXA analysis were carried out to examine the microstructure and elemental contents of the asymmetrical FGM. The results show that asymmetrical stepwise change of volume ratio of
316L stainless steel fibre according to 20%→15%→10%→5% can be corresponded in the FGM. 316L stainless steel fibre is randomly and evenly distributed in the FGM.
316L stainless steel fibre is enwrapped in the HA(ZrO₂) matrix and both integrate each other tightly. The interface of 316L stainless steel fibre and HA(ZrO₂) matrix is partly concavo-convex. The approach
also indicates that some Fe element diffusion of the toughing phase takes place in the HA(ZrO₂) matrix and no Ca, P element diffusion of the matrix takes place in 316L stainless steel fibre toughing
phase. Both matrix and toughing phase are relatively independent and no chemical reaction is observed in the FGM. With the increase of HA contents, both fracture toughness and Young’s modulus of HA(ZrO₂)-316L
stainless steel fibre composites are gradually reduced, which leads to mechanical properties relaxation design of the FGM. It is suggested that fibre pulling out and interbedded crack deflexion are the major
toughing mechanism in the asymmetrical FGM.

Composite mineral particles with nano-structured surface, which effectively improve surface morphology of the originals and increase specific surface area, were successfully prepared by using a chemical method. By wet grinding in a stirring mill, the coalescence between coating particles and the base was discussed. The preliminary conclusion gained shows that the coating particles are not easy to be peeled off from the base because of chemical absorption. The mechanical properties of the composite are greatly improved, when the coated mineral particles filled in polypropylene.

C/C composites were infiltrated with tantalum-contained organic solution, solidified and thermally treated to produce C/C-TaC composites. The results show that tantalum-contained organic solution
easily infiltrates C/C composites and solidifies under 2MPa pressure. After treated at 1500℃, tantalum-contained organic solution tantalum completely turns into TaC with fine sizes and high crystallization,
distributing on the layers of pyrolytic carbon with grains or clusters. The morphology of TaC made at 1800℃ and 2000℃ is analogous with that of made at 1500℃ and the grain
size of TaC doesn’t grow up obviously. The mechanism research of tantalum-contained organic solution turning into TaC shows that it first turns into tantalum oxide fluoride, a kind of interphase, then Ta₂O₅
ultimately reduced and compounded by carbon into TaC.

in the felt forming the grads of temperature and electromagnetism, C/C composites were fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) with
multi-factor coupling physical fields. The textures of pyrolytic carbon were observed by a polarization microscope(PLM), and the graphitization degree and
minicrystal size of the C/C composites were analized by XRD. All samples were fabricated at one cycle. The densities of the matrix were measured by on-line
coupling with resistance.At last,the mechanism of multi-factor coupling physical fields and deposition of carbon was discussed. The results
show that, with multi-factor coupling physical fields, the rate of deposition of pyrolytic carbon can be improved greatly, and when deposited for 20h,
C/C composites with densities of more than 1.7g/cm³ will be obtained. Through optimizing the infiltration conditions, some microstructures of pyrolytic carbon can
be obtained ,range from rough laminar,smooth laminar, and banded structure. The graphitization degree of the rough laminar can be over 77% after heat
treatment at 2300℃ for 2h.

C/Si₃N₄ composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration methods (CVI) from SiCl₄-NH₃-H₂ system. The element and phases of the as-processed sample were characterized by EDS and XRD. The phase of the as-processed sample is an amorphous silicon nitride. The phase of the sample heat treated at 1350℃ is also an amorphous silicon nitride. The XRD indicates that the formation of α-Si₃N₄ and β-Si₃N₄ occurs after heat treatment at 1450℃. The influences of temperature, time and gas flux on densification, weight and microstructure were investigated. The results show that the gases infiltrate and react in preforms equably, the carbon preforms can be infiltrated uniformly and the uniform C/Si₃N₄ composites were prepared when the process parameters are as follows: temperatrure 900℃, SiCl₄ flow 30mL/min, H₂ flow 100mL/min, NH₃ flow 80mL/min, time 120h and total pressure 1000Pa.

The reaction mechanism of preparing porous silicon nitride/silicon carbide (Si₃N₄/SiC)
composite ceramics was investigated by using solidified phenolic resin as carbon source. Argon was used as protective atmosphere. The polymer
can pyrolyze to provide free carbon, and farther react with Si₃N₄ powder coated at different temperatures ranged from 1300℃ to
1780℃. XRD, TEM, the microstructure of the samples, the thermodynamics and kinetics analysis show that the reaction mechanism
mainly associates with liquid-solid reaction between C and Si(l) decomposed from Si₃N₄, and liquid-gas reaction between Si(l)
and CO(g) which is the intermediate product during the reactions. Other reaction types involved are solid-solid reaction between C and Si₃N₄,
gas-solid reaction between C and SiO₂ coated on the Si₃N₄ powder, and gas-solid reaction between C and SiO(g) or Si(g). The reactions between
pyrolyzed carbon and Si₃N₄ begin at 1400℃, and form SiC layer. Keeping in higher temperatures can improve the formation of SiC layer and
the prolongation of soaking time can increase the thickness of SiC layer significantly.

Highly oriented KTN thin films were produced on the transparent single crystal quartz (100) by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD). XRD analysis indicates that perovskite structure with (h00) orientation
is the major phase (>98%) in KTN. The optical and electric measurements show that the remanent polarization and the coercive field are 9.25μC/cm² and 7.32kV/cm, refractive index 1.776 at
incident wave length 1.2μm, thickness 968nm, and growth rate 0.027 nm per pulse. The Current-Voltage characteristics found are Ohmic at lower fields and space-charge-limited at higher fields. This phenomenon
was reasonably explained by SCLC theory. The leakage current is lower than 250μA/mm² at 0--5V, which shows the film has good electric performances. The results of the frequency dependence
of dielectric constant demonstrate that the dispersion of electric capacity is large at low frequency but small at high frequency. The dielectric constant is 12600 and the loss tangent is 0.04 at the frequency of 10 kHz.

LiCoO₂ films were fabricated on nickel substrates by a hydrothermal-electrochemical method. The film prepared at 80℃ is mainly (003) plane oriented and prepared at 100℃, (101) and (104) plane oriented and prepared at 150℃ (003) plane oriented as well. The (101) plane orientation is favorable for Li⁺ diffusion through the cathode, and therefore the (101) plane oriented film contributes to the enhanced electrochemical performance. The film with (101) oriented prepared at 100℃ has the capacity of 143mAh/g and no obvious capacity attenuation detected.

Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃ thermoelectric films were prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition. The morphology, structure and composition of the electrodeposited films were investigated by ESEM, XPS,
XRD, and EDS. And the Seebeck coefficients of Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃ thermoelectric films electrodeposited at different potentials were measured. The results indicate that bismuth, antimony and tellurium can
be coelectrodeposited to form Sb doped Bi₂Te₃ compouds Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃ in the solution containing Bi³⁺, HTeO⁺₂and SbO⁺. The doping concentration of Bi_2-xSb_xTe₃
thermoelectric films can be controlled through adjusting electrodeposition potential to affect their thermoelectric properties. The composition of the film electrodeposited at --0.5V is Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃,
and it has the largest Seebeck coefficient of 213μV·K^-1. With the decrease of electrodeposition potential, the crystalline state of Bi_{_2-x}Sb__xTe_₃ film will transform from equiaxed crystal into
dendritic crystal. The study shows that the electrodeposition process can be successfully used to synthesize the thermoelectric films with better properties.

Lead iodide (PbI₂) polycrystalline thin films were deposited on glass substrates by vacuum evaporation technique. The structure, surface morphology and composition of the films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The results indicate that the films are polycrystalline with a preferred orientation along (001). The measurement of conductivity as a function of temperature shows that the dark conductivity of the film at room temperature is as low as 3.09×10^-11(Ω·cm)^-1, and the activation energy is 0.78eV.

Photocatalytic titanium dioxide films coated on stainless steel webnet were prepared by a sol-gel route. SEM, XRD and TG-DTA were employed to characterize the samples. The effects of the films prepared with different proceedings on photoactivity were investigated by formaldehyde photodegradation, such as the molecular weight of PEG, the amount of PEG, moisture content, the thickness of the films and the annealing temperatures. The formaldehyde photodegradation ratio can reach above 90% by the TiO₂-based films. XRD patterns and SEM observation indicate that the TiO₂ films with mesoporous structure are composed of mixed rutile and anatase crystals.

Al₂O₃-SiO₂ composite membrane was prepared by sol-gel process using aluminium isopropoxide and
tetraethoxysilane as raw materials. The phase constitution, thermal stability, and the pore structure were characterized by means of XRD, DTA-TGA, IR, BET
etc. The results show that the phase constitution of the composite membrane was SiO₂ and γ-Al₂O₃ after calcined at 550℃ for 10h,
and the particle size range from 2nm to 4nm. The XRD results of the composite membrane (Al₂O₃/SiO₂=3:2) calcined at different temperatures show that
the membrane is constituted of γ-AlOOH and γ-Al₂O₃ at 400℃, γ-Al₂O₃ at 550℃ to 1150℃, γ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃ at 1220℃, mullite
and α-Al₂O₃ at 1300℃. Al₂O₃-SiO_₂ composite membrane is constituted of Al--O and Si--O networks, and no Al--O--Si network
found membrane. The composite membrane has high thermal stability, and the pore structure of the membrane can influence on its constitution and
the thermal treatment temperatures.

In order to study the influence of the texture and surface morphology of Ag substrates on the YBCO film properties, YBCO films were deposited on three different Ag substrates.
The YBCO film deposited on Ag substrate annealed in vacuum has a poor texture and low J_c. in addition, the film is loose and
unconnected. The YBCO films deposited on Ag substrate annealed in Ar atmosphere have strong c biaxial texture and higher J_c
1.2×10⁴A/cm². The texture of YBCO film deposited on the cold rolled Ag substrate is not as strong as the texture of the film deposited on Ag substrate annealed in Ar atmosphere.
Due to its smooth surface, the YBCO film deposited on the cold rolled Ag substrate still has higher J_c of 1.5×10⁴A/cm².

The effects of atomic hydrogen on the growth of nanodiamond films were explored under different conditions of preparation. It is believed hydrogen-poor is not the necessary factor for preparation of nanodiamond films. The mechanisms of atomic hydrogen and Ar are different between the condition of hydrogen-poor and hydrogen-rich. Substrate bias fixed, can promote the production of H⁺. H⁺ can etch sp² carbon stronger than sp³ carbon, and can result in surfacspe defects. Therefore, the condition of hydrogen-rich will be assistant to the nucleation and growth of nanodiamond films.

Boron-doped diamond thin films, synthesized by the HFCVD method, were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The results show that, when the boron concentration in the films increases, the crystallite orientation changes from (100) to (111), then tends to disorder. The doping of boron reduces the growth parameter α. The stress in the films is relaxed by twin crystals in the boron doping films. Consequently the shift of center phonon line of Raman spectrum becomes smaller.

Plasma sprayed titanium coatings were modified by alkali treatment process. The bone bonding ability of titanium coatings was investigated in vivo implantation in dog’s femur. The bond strength between
bone and titanium coatings was also measured by push-out test. The results obtained indicate that the alkali-modified coating not only bond directly to bone, but also accelerate the ingrowth of bone.
After 1 month of implantation, the alkali-modified coatings show good osseointegration and higher shear strength. The mechanism of improving osseointegration of alkali-modified titanium coating
described can be attributed to the changes in surface micro-topography and chemistry composition after alkali modification.