C/C composites were fabricated by a rapid chemical liquid-vaporized infiltration (CLVI) processing. The fractured surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this paper, three
types of interfaces in the composites, the fiber-matrix interface within a tow, the interface between carbon cloths or bundles, as well as the interface between pyrocarbon laminar, were discussed.
Moreover, their influences on mechanical behavior of the composites were analyzed. In order to obtain high strength and pseudoductility, it is necessary for C/C composites to have proper interface bond
strength between fiber and matrix, smaller residual pores between carbon cloths or bundles, and proper gaps between pyrocarbon laminar within the matrix.

Effect of Ag diffusion of Pd-Ag inner electrode on electric properties of multilayer chip ZnO varistor was studied. The results show that Ag contents in inner electrode play a very important role in the electric properties of multilayer chip ZnO varsitor. When the Ag content is less than 90%, the properties are good, but when the Ag content is more than 90%, the properties deteriorate with the increase of the Ag content. And the properties of MLCV having pure Ag inner electrode are the worst. The capacitance reflecting the grain-boundary barrier capacitances decreases with the increase of Ag content. The analyses of V-I characteristic curves and complex impedances indicate that, during the co-firing process of the ceramic and inner electrode, with the increase of Ag content in inner electrode, the velocity of Ag diffusing in the ZnO lattice will speed, and the grain resistance increases excessively, and the electric properties of MLCV deteriorate.

The preparation techniques of hollow micro- or nano-particles by using either hard templates or soft templates were reviewed in terms of fabrication mechanism and structure controllability, and with
emphasis on the recent progress of such preparation methods as layer-by-layer assembly, surface chemical reaction and coprecipitation, micro-encapsulation methods. The relationship between the
structure and the performance, as well as the potential applications in areas of materials science, biomedicine, catalysts etc of the hollow micro- or nano-particles were also discussed.

Near stoichiometric LiNbO₃ crystals of varied composition were grown by a double crucible Czochralski method. An etching method was applied to observe the ferroelectric domain structures
of the as-grown crystals. The results show that the congruent crystal grown along z-axis contains a domain structure consisting of concentric rings. The crystal with composition of 49.4mol% Li₂O
contains a special domain structure consisting of three fan-shape opposite domains with three-fold symmetry, which is consistent with the symmetry of the crystal structure. The crystal with composition
of 49.7mol% Li₂O has a single domain structure. The formation mechanism of the domain structures was discussed based on a thermoelectric field model. It is argued that the sign of the temperature
gradient along z-axis in the front of para- ferroelectric interface is the critical factor that determines the polarity direction of the domain in development. Finally, the technological methods to control the domain structures were discussed.

The selection of the flux and the design of the proper processes are the key factor for the growth of Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂ laser crystal. Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂ crystal was grown by the Top
Seeded Solvent Growth (TSSG) method using K₂W₂O₇ as a suitable flux. On the base of TG-DTA, the crystal has two obvious absorption peaks at
1086℃ and 1021℃, its melting point is 1086℃, phase transition temperature from tetragonal to monoclinic is 1021℃. The Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂
crystal consists of WO6 octahedra which consists of WOOW double oxygen bridges and WOW single bridges. IR and Raman spectra show the atom
group WO₄^2- flex vibration at 436 cm^-1 and atom group WO₄^2- bend vibration at 740～925cm^-1, WOOW double oxygen bridge vibration at 903, 765, 684, 438, 498 and 297cm^-1, WOW single
bridges vibration at 808, 526 and 232cm^-1. Analyzing on the X-ray diffraction spectrum of Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂ crystal powder sample, we can
conclude that the β-Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂ crystal is of a monoclinic system, and C2/c space group.

Cerium-doped Lu_1.6Y_0.4SiO₅ (LYSO) crystal with a dimension of φ60mm×110mm was grown by the Czochralski method. Advantages of LYSO Czochralski growth relative to LSO include reduced
melting point, less propensity for formation of crystalline inclusions, lower cost of starting material. Its optical transmission, excitation and emission
spectra of LYSO crystal were measured at room temperature. Results indicate that with the yttrium ion doping, absorption edge of LSO crystal is shifted
towards short wavelength. Three absorption bands of LYSO are formed, which assign to the Ce³⁺ 4f^1→5d¹ transitions at room temperature. The
Gaussian fits to the emission spectra of LYSO crystal excited with 358nm, show band characteristics with two peaks of 395 and 418nm, which assign to
Ce1 site, and with the emission peak at 435nm, to Ce2 site.

The CdSe nanocrystals were obtained by the chemical bath depostion on the surface of polystyrene (PS) served as the template. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show that the CdSe
nanocrystals are coated on the surface of PS with the island morphology. The CdSe nanocrystals are cubic structure confirmed by XRD. Finally, according to the morphology changing with the reaction
time, the formation of the morphologies is contributed to the PS electric double layer structure.

By heating coal fly ash with hydroxide sodium solution, then hydrolysis, the aluminosilicate intermediate (ASI) was prepared. Through the addition of ASI into the titanium
sol obtained by using the sol-gel method, titanium-aluminosilicate (TiO₂/ASI) composites were prepared, and then heat-treated
at different temperatures. The formation process and phase transition of TiO₂ nanocrystalline in the TiO₂/ASI composites were characterized
by X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The results indicate that the agglomeration of TiO₂ nanoparticles and their phase
transition from anatase to rutile can be inhibited efficiently. The adsorption activity of methylene blue of the synthesized TiO₂/ASI
composites is higher than that of only aluminosilicate intermediate or TiO₂ particles.

The dispersive nano-scale Ni(OH)₂ was synthesized by a improved controlled crystallization process and dehydrated by azeotropic distillation with n-butanol. The pH value and temperature of controlled
crystallization were optimized to be 11.0 and 45℃, respectively. As-prepared nano-scale Ni(OH)₂ was dispersive, of 20nm size, and characterized by both TEM and XRD analysis.
It had discharge capacity in excess of 258mAh·g^-1.

In the present work, the fullerene complexe C₆₀Pd(Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂) was perpared by the method of ligand substitution via the reaction of C₆₀ with Pd(Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂)₂
in nitrogen atmosphere under refluxing, and the title compound was characterized by the methods of elemental analysis , FT-IR, UV-vis, XPS,XRD. The result shows that the structure of purposeful product is
that the Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂ took up two coordination sites of the central metal, and C{60 took up another two sites in σ-π feedback pattern. Meanwhile the properties on redox and the
thermostability were studied, the redox research indicates that the reduction potential of the complexe is more negative than that of the pure C{60. And the research on the photovoltaic effect for C₆₀
Pd(Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂) complex which forming n+n heterojunction with GaAs electrode in photoelectrochemical cell shows that the photoelectric property of C₆₀Pd(Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂)
is excellent, especially in the Fe(CN)^3-₆/Fe(CN)^4-₆ redox couple mediator. The photovoltaic property of C₆₀Pd(Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂) electrode at 1μm for thickness of
C₆₀Pd(Ph₂PCH₂CH₂PPh₂) is the best, the photopotential value is up to 367 mV.

Hydroxy-Fe-Al oligocations with a Keggin structure were prepared by a substitution reaction. Through the
single-molecular-layer technology, the hydroxy oligocations are intercalated into the interlayers of molybdenum disulfide, which results
in the pillared composites having the basal interlayer spacings from 1.394 to 1.513nm. With the increasing of Fe/Al molar ratio,
the interlayer spacings and the surface areas of the pillared composites decrease, while their particle sizes increase. Catalyzed by the pillared
composites, sulfide ions are oxidized into thiosulfate ions. It exhibits that their catalytic activities are 4 to 5 times higher than that of the
pristine 2H-MoS$_2$, and that their catalytic activities are enhanced upon irradiation with visible light. Such catalytic behavior results from their
more catalytically active sites, owing to their larger surface areas, and the generation of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs during the
catalytically oxidization reaction process.

FeS2 nanowires array was prepared by the combination of anodic alumina menbrane technique and sulfidation procedure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation shows the bundles of oriented nanowires with very high aspect ratio before and after sulfidation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the nanowires crystallize well with the cubic pyrite phase at higher temperatures, and sulfidation time has a little influence on the grain size during crystallization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) spectra show that a sulphur surface component is found additionally to the known pyrite signals.

Sb2Se3 nanowires ([001] orientation) with a diameter of 100-200 nm and high aspect ratio were successfully synthesized at 180℃ for 10h by a facile non-aqueous polyol method, where home-prepared NaHSe alcohol solution was used as selenium source and PEG-400 served as an excellent solvent and structure director. The product was characterized by XRD, TEM, SAED, HRTEM, EDS and UV-Vis spectroscope, respectively. The effect of different polyols on the final product s morphologes was investigated. The results indicated that the PEG-400 played the key role in the crystal anisotropic growth and the non-aqueous polyol system provided a clean crystal growth condition.

CaCO3 nanowires were synthesized from CaCO3 reagent by sol-gel process and thermal decomposition. The preparation of CaCO3 included two steps: In the first step, the wirelike intermediates containing Ca were synthesized by sol-gel process, which are with one dimension wire-like nanostructures; in the second step, the resulting samples were converted into CaCO3 nanowires by thermal decomposition. The diameter and length of the obtained nanowires are 50-80nm and up to 5μm separately. The nanowires are constited of self-assembled nanoparticles and they belong to the trigonal system.

A facile and effective method of in situ coating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with PbS nanocrystals was introduced, which includes acid treatment of MWNTs, in situ introduction of sulfur precursor through the acid-base reaction between 2-mercatoethylamine and the -COOH groups on the surface of MWNTs and hydrothermal treatment in the following procedure. The samples were characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. TEM images showed that carbon nanotubes were nearly fully coated with a layer of PbS, and the coatine layer was 10～20nm in thickness. Atentative mechanism was proposed to explain the results.

The highly active Fe/Mo/Al2O3 catalyst with the large specific surface area was prepared by the supercritical drying method. The BET specific surface area of the as-prepared catalyst was increased from 294m2/g to 401m2/g. High quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by catalytic decomposition of CH4/H2 at 1000℃ using the catalyst. SEM, TEM, HRTEM, TGA and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the SWNTs. The content of SWNTs in the product propared is over 30wt%, which is much higher than that by using the conventional drying method, i.e. 2wt%. The mean diameter of the as-prepared SWNTs is in 0.8-1.0nm and they are usually bundles.

Highly ordered zinc oxide nanowire/tube arrays were prepared by a sol-gel method in the pores of anodic alumina membranes (AAM). The morphology and crystalloid structure of zinc oxide nonawire/tube arrays were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that zinc oxide nonawires are very uniformly assembled and parallel to each other in the pores of the AAM template. The length and diameter of nanowires are dependen on the thickness and hole diameter of AAM. Zinc oxide nanotube arrays can be controlled by changing immersing time, temperature and concentration of the sol.

Lithium manganese oxide, as a cathode material for Li-ion battery, was prepared by the sol-gel method with Ala as a chelating agent. The powder samples were confirmed to be a single phase LiMn2O4 by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The textural properties of the powder samples were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), showing that the powders mainly consist of rod-shaped particles with uniform particle sizes. The synthesis mechanism of LiMn2O4 was preliminarily investigated by FT-IR and TG-DTA etc. Electrochemical properties of the sample were evaluated with charge and discharge tests. The results show that the samples have excellent electrochemical properties.

Modified small punch (MSP) tests were used to evaluate the ultimate strength of lanthanum-modified lead zirconate-titanate (PLZT) ceramics prepared by conventional mixed oxide (MO) method and mechanical alloying (MA) technique respectively. The MSP tests are very convenient for these two kinds of PLZT ceramics, poled or unpoled. Fracture surfaces were examined for the different MSP specimens; the dependence of mechanical and electrical properties of PLZT ceramics on microstructures was discussed in detail.

The La_0.68Pb_0.32FeO₃ sample with an orthogonal perovskite structure was prepared by using the sol-gel method. The gas-sensing properties were studied in CO gas. The experimental results reveal that the La_0.68Pb_0.32FeO₃ sample shows smaller grain sizes, higher conductance and higher sensitivity to CO gas, especially the much lower operating temperature compared with LaFeO₃ sample. The activation energy for La_0.68Pb_0.32FeO₃ sample in CO gas is higher than that in air.

Nb⁵⁺-doped Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ layer-structured ferroelectric ceramics were prepared by the solid-state reaction technology. Microstructures of Bi₄Ti₃-_xNb_xO_12+x/2 materials were characterized by XRD and SEM. The results show that Bi₄Ti₃-_xNb_xO_12+x/2 material has a single orthorhombic structure. The grains of polished and thermally etched surfaces reveal a needle-like structure. Electronic conductor mechanism of Bi4Ti_3-xNb_xO_12+x/2 was analyzed by the Arrhe-nius fit of direct current conductivity vs temperature. Dielect constants of Bi₄Ti_3-xNb_xO_12+x/2 ceramics increase by Nb⁵⁺ doping. The Curie temperatures decrease linearly with the increase of Nb⁵⁺ concedntration. DSC results show that Bi₄Ti_3-xNb_xO_12+x/2 materials undergo the firstorder ferroelectric phase transition at the Curie point. Nb⁵⁺ doping Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ ceramics results in an increase remanent polarizatgion (P_r) according to ferroelectric test results. The reason is that Nb⁵⁺ substituting for Ti⁴⁺ decreases the concentration of oxygen vacancies. The effect of oxygen vacancies on domain pinning is reduced significantly.

The solid material of coupled semiconductor WO₃-TiO₂, was prepared by a sol-gel method. The photocatalyst WO₃-TiO₂ supported metallic Cu was prepared by an isovolumic impregnation method. The surface structure, particle size and photo absorption performance of the materials were characterized by XRD, Raman, TPR, IR, TEM, XPS and UV-Vis. The experiment results show that 10wt%WO₃ disperses on the surface of TiO₂ support with one monolayer of non-crystalline phase, average particle size of 1wt%Cu/10wt%WO₃-TiO₂ is about 15nm. Blue shifting of photo absorption edges is observed clearly after the addition of WO₃ on the surface of TiO₂. The lattice WO₃ forms and photo absorption performance decreases when the supporting amount of WO₃ is more than that of the monolayer phase(>10wt%). The formation of bond W-O-Ti in the solid systems promotes the transfer of generating charge carriers between WO₃ and TiO₂. Loaded metalic Cu accelerates the transformation from the tetrahedrally coordinated W species to the octahedrally coordinated W species.

Uniform hollow nanostructural hollow silica microsphers were produced by the layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly technique. The core-shell microspheres were constructed by alternately depositing positive polyelectrolyte PDDAMAC and silica nanoparticles (10nm, 20nm) onto the polystyrene PS microspheres which were used as the colloidal templates, then the templates were decomposed by calcination and hollow mesoporous silica microspheres come into being. TEM show monodispered silica microspheres have spherical void. XRD analyses indicate that crystallization degree of silica is nearly the same after heating treatment, which still maintain an amorphous from. The measurements of N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms yield the surface area of the hollow spheres assembled of silica with a diameter of 10 or 20nm are 282.71m²·g^-1 and 158.17m²·g^-1, and the average pore diameters of them are 11nm and 15nm respectively. The permeability and sustained release property of hollow silica sphere were also confirmed by the experiments of dye loaded and released.

With Ti(SO₄)₂ as raw material, and water as dispersion medium, the PSA-A latex/titanium hydrolysis compounds core-shell microspheres were prepared by templating against PSA-A latex with carboxyl. The TiO₂ hollow spheres of 450nm were obtained by calcining the as-prepared core-shell microspheres. TG-DSC, SEM, TEM, IR and XRD measurements were used to characterize the samples. The investigations of the core-shell formatting process and the effect of experimental conditions on pH value changes indicated that the varing rate of pH value was the determining factor for a successful coating. The optimum varing rate of pH value for core-shell microspheres formation was obtained and TiO₂ hollow spheres were prepared in batches under the conditions of 230g/L PSA-A latex and 1mol/L Ti(SO₄)₂.

A well-ordered porous anodic alumina (PAA) membrane was achieved by anodic oxidization of the aluminium electrode at constant voltages of 30-50V in a solution of 0.3mol·L^-1 H₂C₂O₄. A new electrical detachment process was carried out to detach the PAA membranes from aluminium base in the solution of HClO₄ and CH₃OH. The mechanism of the electrical detachment process and the factors of the pore diameter and thickness of the barrier layer were researched. A larger size of PAA (2cm×2cm) was obtained with thickness of 30-100μm and full-controlled open-hole pores. Compared with reported chemical process, the present method is nore simple and rapid and free of metal ions residuce. It is important for research of nanostructure assembling techniques.

Mesostructured materials MSB and MSZ with the pore walls respectively composed of the structure units of zeolite β and ZSM-5, were successfully synthesized by a new method in which the silica-alumina precursors obtained through the dissolution of zeolites, assemble around the surfactant micelle of triblock copolymer EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀. Subsequently, the products are characterized by XRD, IR, TEM, N₂-sorption, EDS and ²⁹Si MAS NMR techniques. In the IR spectra of MSB and MSZ, the appearance of absorbance peaks characteristic of five-membered rings of zeolites in the range of 550～600cm^-1
indicates that the primary structure units of zeolites are perhaps included in the pore walls of MSB and MSZ. N₂ sorption data show that the pore walls
of as-synthesized mesostructured materials are thicker than that of SBA-15. ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra of MSB and MSZ suggest the presence of Si-O-T(T=Si,Al)
environments similar to those in zeolites. The hydrogenation dealkylation reaction of heavy aromatic on the MSB and MSZ shows higher conversion than
the corresponding data on SBA-15, especially for MSB80 with the conversion difference as high as 9.78%. Thus, it is concluded that the pore walls of
MSB and MSZ contain the primary structure units of zeolites.

Silicon nitride reticulated porous ceramics with controlled structure were fabricated by a two-step centrifuging processing, using polyurethane sponge as the template. According to the TG-DSC analysis of the template, the pyrolysis schedule was decided. Effects of centrifuging processing and viscosity on the loading content of slurry on the sponge and macrostructure of porous ceramics were studied. The structure and bond strength of the reticulated porous ceramics were also reported. Compared with the roll-press processing, the reticulated porous ceramics fabricated by the tqo-step centrifuging processing have higher slurry loading, more uniform structrue and higher bending strength.

Green foams were prepared from a petroleum-derived mesophase pitch by using the size-restriction foaming method and the foams were further oxidized, carbonized and graphitized, consequently carbon foams with excellent cell structure were obtained. SEM and XRD were used to observe the morphologies and analyze the structures of foams. The results show that the cell size can be altered by controlling the free space in mold. During carbonization and consequently graphitization of foams, cell diameter reduces and the orientation of molecules in cell walls improves, approaching that of graphite. The walls of foam cells are built up by even ones and “Y” type junctions. The former has better molecular orientation than the latter. In is also found that the foam with large cells will have more close-grained molecular arrangement, but the crystallites in them are smaller.

Aluminothermic reactive synthesis of Al₂O₃-TiC nanocomposite powders from a mixture of TiO₂, Al, and C powders induced by high-energy ball milling and its consolidation through spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. After being milled for 3h at ambient temperature, the powder mixtures reacted and homogeneous nanosized TiC and Al₂O₃ particles formed. The as-milled powders were consolidated by SPS technique in vacuum at 1450℃ for 4min under 50MPa, and the density of the as-sintered samples reached 99.6% of theoretical density. The final products showed fine microstructure, and most of the grain sizes of both Al₂O₃ and TiC nwere less than 1μm, and exhibited excellent properties: a flexural strength of 650±21MPa, a hardness of 19.1±0.2GPa, a fracture toughness of 4.5±0.2MPa·m^1/2, and an electrical conductivity of 2.3828×10⁵Ω^-1·m^-1.

This paper reported on an improved technique of the chemical liquid phase vaporization densification process for C/C composites preparation, based on the calefaction with the impulse inductive of the preform that was from the felt impregnated with the liquid phase pitch followed by carbonization. The pyrocarbon was yielded and deposited by the pyrolysis of the kerosene as the precursor at 800-1000℃ with ferrocene as the catalyst, and the density of the preform was increased from 0.3g/cm³ to 1.5-1.7g/cm³ in 3h. The relationship between the densification and the condition of the reaction process, the microstructures of the pyrocarbon and the function of the catalyst were examined by a metallography microscope.

C/C composites were fabricated by a rapid chemical liquid-vaporized infiltration (CLVI) processing. The fractured surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this paper, three
types of interfaces in the composites, the fiber-matrix interface within a tow, the interface between carbon cloths or bundles, as well as the interface between pyrocarbon laminar, were discussed.
Moreover, their influences on mechanical behavior of the composites were analyzed. In order to obtain high strength and pseudoductility, it is necessary for C/C composites to have proper interface bond
strength between fiber and matrix, smaller residual pores between carbon cloths or bundles, and proper gaps between pyrocarbon laminar within the matrix.

The recent advances of the authors’ study on the synthesis of large-area 3D ordered macroporous titania film photonic crystals by using silica colloidal crystals as
templates were presented. The main procedure of the preparation was described as follows. Firstly, the silica colloidal crystal template was deposited
onto a glass micro slide through a convective assembly process in which monodispersive silica spheres of 309nm were used. Secondly, after sintered at
600℃ for 1h the crystalline template was immersed vertically into a TiO₂ sol for the infiltration of the template. Thirdly, the
resulting titania-opal composite film was immersed in an aqueous NaOH solution for 24h to remove the silica template. By means of the systematical
study of the processes and application of some innovative processing techniques such as silica colloidal crystal templating technique, alkali based
template-etching technique, the highly ordered macroporous TiO₂ film photonic crystals with sizes of centimeters were successfully fabricated.
The results show that the shrinkage of the macroporous framework with a filling rate of 17.4% is less than 3%. The XRD pattern shows that the porous framework consists
of nanocrystallites of anatase mixed with a magnéli phase (Ti₅O₉). The optical property measurements of the films indicate that the
film photonic crystal has strong photonic bandgap behavior.

The Fe³⁺ doped TiO₂ oxygen sensitive thin films deposited on single crystal silicon substrates were prepared by a sol-gel method. The phase structure of the thin films was measured by X-ray
diffraction (XRD). The morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the anatase phase appeared with a small grain size dispersed homogeneously in the
thin film. The rutile phase appeared with a morphology of special clustered grains and large sizes in the thin film. It was exhibited evidently that the formation of the rutile phase in the thin film on a
single crystal substrate was dependent on Fe³⁺ doping in the system. The formation temperature was about 100℃ lower with 3mol% Fe³⁺ doped than that without Fe³⁺ doping.
The largest content of the rutile phase appeared in the thin film while Fe³⁺ doping of about 6mol%. In addition, the crystal lattice of both the anatas phase and the rutile phase decreased with the substitution
of a small size of Fe ions for a large size of Ti ions when doping Fe ions concentrantion below 6mol%. As Fe ions doped was above 6mol%, the c axis of the rutile phase increased while the c axis kept
almost constant with the increase of Fe and thus both oxygen vacancy and structure distortion increased. The oxygen sensitivity of Fe doped TiO₂ thin films was controled by the concentration of the oxygen
vacancies and the content of the rutile phase in TiO₂ thin films.The rutile phase and the sensitivity in the Fe doped TiO₂ thin film showed maximum while Fe doping was 6mol%, and its oxygen sensitivity
was 19 times more than that of the TiO₂ thin film with 3mol% Fe doped.

Systematic investigation of preparation-parameter dependence of MgO films’ crystallinity during pulsed-laser depositon of MgO films was carried out. It is found that
MgO films’ crystallinity is mainly affected by substrate temperature and laser fluence, while the growth velocity of MgO films is dominated by
pulse frequency, substrate-target distance and laser fluence. By comparison of the influence of metallic Mg target and sintered MgO target on the films’
cystallinity, it also found that, via inserting a TiN seed layer, the crystalline quality of MgO films can be greatly improved. Finally, under
the optimal preparation-parameter conditions: T_S=873K, D_E=7J/cm², D_ST=70mm, F_L=5Hz, employing sintered MgO target and inserting a TiN seed layer, atomically smooth MgO
films grown with layer-by-layer mode can be successfully obtained.

FePt(50nm) and [FePt(2,3,5nm)/AlN(1nm)]_n films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering technique, then annealed at 550℃ for 30min. The effect of the number of bilayer repetitions (n) and AlN content on
structure and magnetic properties of various FePt/AlN multilayers was studied. The highest coercivity and squareness of FePt/AlN multilayers annealed at 550℃ were obtained for n=8. The grain size of the FePt/AlN
films by post-annealing increases with increasing n. Introducing the nonmagnetic AlN not only hinders the growth of FePt particles, but also reduces the intergrain exchange interactions of the FePt/AlN films. And the
interactions are decreased as AlN content is increased. Grain size (V_grain) has almost the same size as magnetic activation volume (V*) due to the addition of AlN in films by post-annealing.

ZSM-5 zeolite membranes synthesized on rough porous α-Al₂O₃ tubes with an average pore size of 2μm in the absence of organic template crystallization gel were investigated. The
molar composition of nanosized ZSM-5 seeds was 9TPAOH: 25TEOS: 0.25 Al₂O₃: 480H₂O. Porous α-Al₂O₃ tubes were seeded with these colloidal TPA-silicalite-1 crystals with
a size of 90～100nm. The seeded supports were calcined in accordance with DTA/TG of nanosized ZSM-5 and treated in a synthesis sol-gel to grow the seed crystals into ZSM-5 membranes on the outer
surface of porous α-Al₂O₃ tubes. The molar composition of the crystallization gel without organic templates was 67Na2O:Al₂O₃: 240SiO₂: 6000H₂O. XRD patterns show that the
film consists of well-crystallized ZSM-5 zeolite. SEM investigation indicates that the zeolite films on the supports are defect free and that the film thickness is approximately 8μm. The permeability
for H₂ is 1.50×10^-6mol$·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1 and the ideal separation factor for H₂/N₂ is about 3.85.

An alumina coating with a thickness of 100μm on a titanium substrate was prepared by cathodic micro-arc electrodeposition. The microstructures and phase compositions
of the coating at different voltages were studied, and the growth mechanism of the coating was analyzed. The results show that the coating grows by
the following steps: the stage of no electric spark, micro-arc discharge and local arc light. In these courses Al(NO₃)₃ is dissociated and Al(OH)₃
is deposited and dehydrated. The high temperature and pressure produced in micro-arc area are keys to the formation of the alumina coating. The coating
is mainly composed of γ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃. The content of α-Al₂O₃ is increased with increasing voltage, which
amounts to 7% at 400V.

This paper researched the microstructrue and nanoindentation mechanical properties of detonation sprayed coatings derived from Al₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposite powders. The pores of the
nanocomposite coating (NCC) appeared to be generally equal-sized and showed a very homogeneous distribution, while the conventional microcomposite coating (MCC) appears an inhomogeneous pore
distribution. The results also indicate that NCC has better chimerism between splat interfaces than MCC and more homogeneous melting condition. A mass of grain boundaries, sub-boundaries and
nanosized microcracks in NCC lead the matrix Al₂O₃ to be nanoparticulate, while a mass of unmelted particles can be detected in MCC. Both of Al₂O₃/3wt%TiO₂ nanocompsite and
conventional coatings exihibit apparently anisotropic nanoindentation mechanical behaviors, which are due to the anisotropic microstructure of the as-sprayed coatings. The mean values and distribution
intervals of both nanoindentation hardness and Young’s modulus of NCC are higher than those of corresponding surface and cross section of MCC. Therefore, NCC exhibits better nanoindentation
mechanical properties than MCC, which is due to the reinforcing effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the matrix Al₂O₃ particles of NCC.

Boron carbide coatings were deposited onto stainless steel via vacuum plasma spraying (VPS), and then their phase composition, microstructure, deposition efficiency, bonding strength and laser
irradiation resistance were examined. Results obtained show that there is no distinct B₂O₃ in the VPS B₄C coating, indicating that the oxidation of B₄C can be avoided during VPS process.
The denser B₄C coating can be obtained by using the finer original powder. Deposition efficiencies and bonding strengths of coatings are higher in the cases of higher spray power and higher H₂
flow due to the better melting condition of powders during spray process. Under appropriate spray parameters, the deposition efficiency and bonding strength of VPS B₄C coating can be high to
72% and 49MPa respectively. Laser ablation test shows that the laser irradiation resistance is improved significantly for stainless steel after being deposited by B₄C coating.