La₂Mo₂O₉-based oxide-ion conductors have attracted more and more attention since they were reported having high ionic conductivity in 2000 by Lacorre et. al. In this paper the recent investigation
on the novel La₂Mo₂O₉-based oxide-ion conductors is reviewed. It is focused on the structure and phase transition, oxide-ion conductivity, mechanism of oxygen vacancy diffusion, chemical stability,
and thermal expansion coefficient in the pure and doped La₂Mo₂O₉ samples. It is pointed out that the La₂Mo₂O₉-based oxide-ion conductors could be possibly applied in the field
such as solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen sensors, oxygen permeable membrane.

Crystallization of inorganic solids at self-organized organic or biomacromolecular surfaces is an important process in biomineralization and crystal engineering. Thereinto,
Langmuir monolayers are often used as simple models of biomineralization; they can guide the growth of oriented crystals of specific structure, size,
and morphology. In this paper, the growth of the CaF₂ crystals induced in situ by Langmuir monolayers as the template was investigated by means of
SEM, XPS and XRD. The results of XRD show that CaF₂ grows only along the (111) face under benhenic acid (BA) monolayer, which indicates (111) direction
is preferable orientation for the growth of CaF₂ crystals; SEM shows that the morphology of the CaF₂ crystals induced by BA monolayer is relatively
regular and simplex, but in the bulk solution, it’s irregular and easy to form large size grains. Those may be reasonably explained by lattice matching
between the benhenic acid headgroups in the monolayer and the CaF₂ crystals lattice which were fabricated under monolayer.

Transparent γ-LiAlO₂ crystal was quickly grown by Cz technique. It was 45mm in dimension and 50mm long. However, it appeared a dendriform, milky core. The samples taken from transparent
part and milky one, were ground for examining X-ray diffraction. The diffraction peaks of samples can be indexed by γ-LiAlO₂. The FWHM values shown by X-ray rocking curves were 116.9
and 132.0arcsec, respectively. The corresponding FWHM value was dropped to 44.2 and 53.3arcsec through three VTE processes. Through linking fast growth with Vapor Transport Equilibration (VTE)
technique, high quality LAO slice with the dimension of φ40mm×40mm was obtained.

The measurement of KDP crystal growth rate is helpful to study on the effect of various factors on the growth of KDP crystal. In situ precise measurement of crystal growth rate and dead zone of
KDP prismatic faces was achieved by using laser-polarization-interference technique. The experiment result is affected by various conditions such as crystal dimensions. It is found that the seed crystal
of small dimensions is in favor of token on the dead zone. The dislocation etch pits produced when the solution temperature is higher than supersaturation point are considered to cause the abnormal
phenomena disturbing the measurement.

Using the plane-wave expansion method, we calculated the sonic band structures of two-dimensional water-mercury phononic crystals of regular triangle, quadrilateral, hexagon, octagon
prisms and cylinders arrayed in square lattice respectively. Our study concerns the dependence of band gaps on rotation angle of the noncircular
rods. And we found that, for each rod and (relatively small) filling fraction, both the maximum and minimum of band gap present in the case
of the crystals’ highest symmetry. By adjusting the rods’ orientation, the maximum of band gap for each filling fraction can be obtained and,
results show that for water/mercury system the width of band-gap increases with the heightening of rods’ symmetry, while for mercury/water system the
exact opposite is true except for the case of square rods, which produces the largest band-gaps.

A novel whisker-like β-spodumene glass-ceramics was obtained. Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
investigations demonstrated phase separation in the base glass and lead to the formation of a primary crystal phase of MgF₂that promoted the
formation of spherical β-spodumene. The whisker-like spodumene crystals surrounded by spherical crystals, and the whisker-like crystals
grew at the expense of spherical crystals with increasing temperature and time. This means that formation mechanisms of whisker β-spodumene
would be: β-spodumene nucleated and formed as spherical crystals firstly, it grew to whisker form with increasing temperature and time
increased. The flexural strength of the glass ceramics reached the maximum 228MPa after heat treated at 850℃/1h.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using silane and ammonia as reactants was employed to prepare SiN nanopowders in a novel two-stage fluidized bed reactor. The product was characterized by means
of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope. Furthermore, optimal processing parameters were presented, and the critical factors for CVD synthesis
of SiN nanopowders in the fluidized bed were discussed. The results show that the product is an amorphous silicon nitride with sphere nanomorphology. The synthesis route is promising for scale-up
preparation of SiN nanopowders.

TiO₂ composite oxide nanocrystals were prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method with Al₂O₃ as heterogeneous composite agent and TiCl₄ as starting materials. The influences
of the heterogeneous composite agent on TiO₂ phase transition process, particles growth and optical absorbance in UV and visible region were studied in detail, and the composite structure was
elementarily concluded. The results show that after compounded by Al₂O₃, the phase transition process and particles growth of TiO₂ oxcide nanocrystal are restrained notablely. TiO₂ composite
oxide nanocrystals are with anatase structure entirely after calcined at 900℃, and well mixed crystalline structure in the range of 950～1050℃, and the particles after calcined at 950℃
are spherical, average diameter 20～30nm, dispersed equably, and have no reuniting phenomenon, and have the super optical absorbance in UV-Vis region than TiO₂ nanocrystal after calcined at 700℃.

The electrolyser was divided into the cathode chamber and the anode chamber by the septum of the anion-exchange membrane. When hydrogen ions in the cathode chamber were consumed under
the electrolyzing process with a constant current density on the cathode, titanyl ions were promoted to react to hydroxide ions produced by electrolyzing
to form uniform deposition of hydrous titania. Titania with different crystal phaseswas produced under different temperatures. TEM and XRD analyses show that the
nanoparticles are spherical and with the average size from 30 to 50nm at 773K, and mainly anatase phase at 873K containing
3.85% rutile. The mechanism of forming ultrafine powder was elementarily investigated.

The nanosized TiO₂ in the rutile phase was doped with alumina to suppress its photo-catalytic activity. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM and BET techniques.
The results show that the optimal calcination temperature is 800℃, and the optimal Al₂O₃ concentration is m(Al₂O₃):m(TiO₂)=1:5.
The growth of crystalline size and particle size is suppressed from adulteration. With the increase of m(Al₂O₃):m(TiO₂), the crystalline size and
particle size of nanosized TiO₂ decrease progressively, at the same time, the BET surface area and pore volume of nanosized TiO₂ increase. According
to the difference of electron binding energy and the variety of unit cell parameters, it can be inferred that the lattice of nanosized TiO₂ is doped
with Al³⁺. The saturated concentration of dopant is m(Al₂O₃):m(TiO₂)=1:20. When m(Al₂O₃):m(_TiO2)≥1:10, the crystal
structure of alumina appears.

Nanometer ZnO particles were synthesized by the homogeneous precipitation method from urea and zinc nitrate. TEM analysis shows that nanometer ZnO particles obtained are in the
nanosize range of 50nm; BET analysis shows that the specific surface area of the ZnO particles is 25.6m²/g; XRD analysis shows the crystalline
of the nanometer ZnO particles is in the hexagonal structure; the formation mechanism of nanometer ZnO particles was concluded by the analysis of XRD,
IR and TG-DSC.

The lubricating property of inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles is excellent. As restricted by fabrication technology, only a few particles with fullerene-like structure in the micro-scale resultant can be
fabricated by updated approaches. And this can not meet the need for the test and evaluation of the capability of fullerene-like nanoparticles. In order to overcome this problem, a new approach of
exfoliation-adulteration-hydrothermal synthesis was used to fabricate multi-metal disulfide nanoparticles in macro-scale. The morphology, crystal phase, structure and chemical components of the resultants
were characterized by XRD, TEM, HRTEM and EDS respectively. These results show that multi-metal disulfide nanotubes can be fabricated by this new approach; The characteristic of the nanotubes is
multilayer, and they are composed of Ni, W, Mo and S elements. The percentage of the nanoparticle with fullerene-like structure in the sample is increased. We regard that the approach of
exfoliation-adulteration-hydrothermal synthesis is a promising technic for fabrication multi-metal disulfide nanoparticles with fullerene-like structure. On the basis of the above results, the formation mechanism of
Ni_X(W_YMo_1-Y)_1-XS₂ nanotube was discussed.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) films were prepared on nickel foil substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) with acetylene and hydrogen as the precursors. The effect of acetylene
flow rate on the morphology and structure of CNT films was investigated. The morphology and structure of CNTs depending on the acetylene flow rate
were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and Raman spectroscope, respectively. With increasing the acetylene
flow rate from 10 to 90sccm, the growth rate of CNT films increases and the thickness increases from 400 to 1000\mum, while the diameter of the CNTs
increases from 10 to 300nm. Also, the defects and amorphous phase in the CNT films increase with increasing the acetylene flow rate.

The dynamic adsorption property of xenon on ACF was studied with regard to pretreatment and regeneration, the influence of temperature on xenon desorption was also
studied. The results show that pretreatment has definite influence on the dynamic adsorption property of xenon on ACF, whereas regeneration has less
influence on the dynamic adsorption property. Desorption efficiency exceeds 97% by the method of heating, and the threshold temperature is 150℃, however, increasing temperature has no effect on the desorption of xenon above
150℃.

The carbon nanotube electrodes with different kinds and quantities of binders, using methods such as press molding at room-temperature and hot-press molding combined with carbonization, were
moulded. The charge-discharge tests of the electrodes were performed in saltwater by the DC-5 battery testing instrument, and the specific electro-adsorption capacitance and equivalent resistance
were compared. The results are as follows: the electrodes can be molded at room-temperature with 10% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or 15% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and at high temperature
with 20% phenolic resin (PR), and the specific electro-adsorption capacitance decreases and the equivalent resistance increases with the increasing content of the binders. The surface structure,
morphology, specific electro-adsorption capacitance, equivalent resistance and hydrophilicity of the electrodes were investigated, and the electro-adsorption desalination performances were compared.
The results show that the electrode hot-pressed with 20% PR, after carbonization, with high specific surface area, many pores, good hydrophilicity, high specific electro-adsorption capacitance and low
equivalent resistance, has the best electro-adsorption desalination performance.

A ceramic fiber with the SiC(OAl) composition, named KD-A, was prepared by the melt-spinning of precursor polyaluminocarbosilane, air-curing, and pyrolizing at 1300℃.
The KD-A fiber was converted into SiC(Al) fiber, named KD-SA, by sintering at 1800℃. The composition and structure of the two kinds of
fibers were characterized by chemical element analysis, AES, SEM, XRD, RMS, and ²⁹Si, ¹³C, ²⁷Al MAS NMR. The compositions of KD-A
and KD-SA fibers are in the formula SiC_1.31O_0.25Al_0.018 and SiC_1.03O_0.013Al_0.024, respectively. The compositions of
KD-A and KD-SA fibers on the surface are different from that of inside of the fibers. The surfaces of KD-A and KD-SA fibers are smooth and even, and there are no
hole, crack and groove. KD-A fiber contains free carbon, small amount of β-SiC micro-crystal and aluminium embedded in an intergranular phase SiC_xO_y, which is
ascribed to a non-crystalline SiC fiber. KD-SA fiber containsa large number of β-SiC, a small amount of α-SiC and Al₂O₃,
which is ascribed to a crystalline SiC fiber with a nearly stoichiometric composition.

Polyferrocarbosilane(PFCS) was synthesized from polydimethylsilane and ferrocene. Low specific resistance Si-Fe-C-O fibers were prepared with the following process: The PFCS was
melt-spun, the resulted green fibers were cured by heating in air, and the cured fibers were sintered under an inert atmosphere.
The preparation techniques of continuous Si-Fe-C-O fibers were investigated. The results show that the specific resistance of the Si-Fe-C-O fibers is reduced to 10^-2Ω·tcm, when the amount of ferrocene in feed is 2%. The tensile strength of the
fibers is about 2.0GPa, and the length of the fibers is more than 500 meters. The element iron contained in the fiber accelerates the growth
of β-SiC crystalline grain. XPS depth analysis shows a carbon-enriched layer of about 120nm on the surface of fiber, the atomic
concentration of element Fe increasing a little from edge to inner.

Voltammetric behavior of spinel lithium manganese oxide on abrasive microelectrode was studied in 1mol/L LiPF₆/EC+DMC+EMC(1:1:1), and the morphology and the manganese distribution
of the abrasive microelectrode were analyzed by SEM and EDS, respectively. Results show that spinel lithium manganese oxide is more stable on abrasive
microelectrode than on powder microelectrode and has more reversibility for lithium ion extraction/intercalation.Two spinel lithium manganese oxide
samples synthesized by solid state process and sol-gel method were compared. The sample synthesized by solid state process shows its better stability for
cycling and reversibility for lithium ion extraction/intercalation. This result conforms with the difference in crystallization of two samples,
obtained by XRD. Abrasive microelectrode can be used to estimate the cyclic stability of spinel lithium manganese oxide and the reversibility
for lithium ion extraction/intercalation fast and effectively.

In order to improve the performance of LiFePO₄, Li_1-xTi_xFePO₄(x=0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07,mol fraction) with Ti(Ⅳ) dopant was prepared. Crystal structure and charge/discharge
performance of Ti(Ⅳ) doped LiFePO₄ were investigated by X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld method and electrochemical measurement, respectively. Single phase Li_1-xTi_xFePO₄
can be prepared by solid state reaction. Li_0.98Ti _0.02FePO₄ shows higher capacity than LiFePO₄ through the research on Li_1-xM_xFePO₄. As Li_0.98Ti_0.02PO₄ is
charged and discharged at 80mA/g, its 2nd and 20th discharge capacity is 136.606 and 128.388mAh/g, respectively. The results show that low concentration Ti(Ⅳ) dopant can increase
the capacity and cycle performances of LiFePO4. because it not only causes the change of atomic position and distance and the shrinkage of crystal cell, but also increases the concentration of coexisted
Fe^3+/Fe²⁺ in LiFePO4, which increases the electrical conductivity of LiFePO₄.

The poor high-temperature performance of the spherical nickel hydroxide becomes the main reason for limitation of use as the positive electrode active material in MH-Ni
battery, especially for the vehicle power. In the present work, different amount of ytterbium hydroxide layers were coated on the surface of the
spherical nickel hydroxide by means of the controlled crystallization. The charge and discharge capacities were studied at room and high temperatures.
The discharge capacity of the ytterbium-coated nickel hydroxide at room temperature was lower than that of the pure nickel hydroxide; however, its
high-temperature performance was much higher than that of the pure spherical nickel hydroxide. The sample coated with 2% ytterbium
hydroxide shows the best performance at 60℃ (1C), its capacity retention can be retained about 92%.

Nanocrystralline TiO₂ semiconducting electrode was prepared by using a screen-printing technique. The electrode has very high specific surface-to-volum area which is crucial for the absorption of
more chromophores on the surface. The electrochromic device was assembled by using a sandwich structure after the electrode absorbed chromophore molecules. The electrochromic device was
characterized by UV-Vis spectra. The electrochromic device has a very high transparency at its bleached states (85%), and deep violet at its colored states (4%), which has potential use in smart window, flat
panel display, electric book and electric papers.

Ag(Nb_0.8Ta_0.2)O₃(ANT) powders were synthesized by using different solid-state reaction methods. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. In addition, the dielectric
properties of some good ceramic samples were tested. The results showed that different methods almost had no influence on the perovskite structure, but
affected the microstructure greatly. The ceramics obtained by the method, in which Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ were firstly sintered at 1200℃
and then reacted with Ag₂O, showed a uniform particle distribution and higher density. Compared with the other methods, the dielectric properties
of the samples prepared by this method were improved, the dielectric constant (ε) was increased and the dissipation factor (tgδ) was decreased.

The effects of NdAlO₃ additives on the microstructure and the dielectric properties of Ba_4.2Nd_9.2Ti₁₈O ₅₄ (BNT) materials were investigated.
The microstructure of BNT doped with NdAlO3 was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and FESEM. The results show that the solid solutions are
formed between Ba_4.2Nd_9.2Ti₁₈O₅₄ and the NdAlO₃ additives. The relative permittivity and the TCf values show a linear
decrease with the increase of NdAlO₃ additive. The Q values exhibit a non-linear behaviour and reach maximiun (11400GHz) for the NdAlO₃
additive at approximately 10wt%, while the relative permittivity and the TCf values are 66.29 (3.5GHz) and -0.7ppm/℃, respectively.

Titanium oxide sol was prepared by using inorganic titanium salt, and was used to photo-oxidize chloroform and chlorinated methane solution. Conductivity of solution was increased
when chlorinated methane degraded under UV radiating. Addition of titanium oxide sol makes the degradation rate of chlorinated methane greater, and the
conductivity will be changed. But when the added amount of the sol to solution is too much, the change rate of conductivity will be reduced for the reduced
photo-oxidation of dichloromethane and trichloromethane. Suitable addition amount of the sol is benefit to photo-catalytic de-chlorination of dichloromethane
and trichloromethane in solution.

CNT-WO₃ indirectly heated gas sensors were fabricated with carbon nanotubes as the dopant. The as-grown carbon nanotube was purified by mixed acid oxidation process and WO₃
nanopowders were prepared by a chemical precipitation method. FT-IR, TEM, TG-DSC and XRD were introduced to characterize them. The gas sensitive
performance of the made sensors was measured at room temperature. The experimental results show the gas sensitivity of the carbon nanotube-doped
sensor is far higher than that of a pure WO₃ sensor and the 0.8wt% carbon nanotube-doped sensor has the highest sensitivity. In addition, the carbon
nanotube-doped sensor is superior for its lowest detectable concentration, wide detectable range and excellent gas selectivity. It is an ideal NH₃
sensor.

Y_1.34Gd_0.60Eu_0.06O₃ nanopowders with high sinterability were prepared via a complex co-precipitation
method. The nanopowder obtained has an average particle size of 30～40nm, weakly agglomerate after calcining at 850℃ for 2h. After dry-pressed and
isostatic pressed at 200MPa, the green body can be sintered to transparency at 1800℃ for 6h. The as-sintered transparent ceramics show
intense red luminescence at 610nm under 250nm UV excitation, corresponding to ⁵D₀-⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺ ion.

Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) slurry was synthesized at normal pressure, and Cu-bearing nano-hydroxyapatite (Cu-HA), Zn-bearing nano-hydroxyapatite (Zn-HA) and (Cu, Zn)-bearing
nano-hydroxyapatite (Cu-Zn-HA) were prepared by the ion exchange method in water medium. The properties of antibacterial materials were characterized by AAS, XRD and
TEM. The results of XRD analysis indicate that Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ can occupy Ca²⁺ site and also enter the lattice of hydroxyapatite.
The results of antibacterial experiments show that Cu-HA and Cu-Zn-HA have better antibacterial ability on E. coli and S. aureus, while the
antibacterial effect of Zn-HA is not significant. From the analysis of the antibacterial results, it can be concluded that two mechanisms play
the important role in the antibacterial ability, one is electrostatic attraction which making large amount of bacteria adhere on the n-HA surface, the other is the release of antibacterial metal ions slowly into
medium which can inhibit and kill bacteria.

A novel Na specific kind of adsorbent Li_1+xAl_xTi_2-x(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by the high temperature solid state reaction method. The samples were characterized by
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM), and their adsorption performances were investigated. The results indicate that the
low concentration (x<0.6) Al dopant does not affect the structure of the material but makes it can selectively adsorb sodium. The results show that
its exchange capacity is very high, even reach 11.76mg/g, under x=0.4, pH=10.0～11.0. In addition, Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic studies for
these materials were carried out and the vibrational bands were assigned.

The AlN/h-BN nanocomposite powders were prepared through the reaction of AlN powder, H₃BO₃, and CO(NH₂)₂ in nitrogen atmosphere at
850℃. TEM observation shows that the average particle diameter of BN is about 20～30nm. The AlN/BN ceramic composites were synthesized
by hot-pressing. SEM/TEM observation shows that the BN particles are thin pin-shaped with 100～400nm pin-length and 30～50nm pin-width. The
hardness of the composites decreases obviously and the machinable property increases when the BN content is more than 20wt%.

Porous SiO₂-TiO₂ blocks were successfully synthesized by polymerization of tetraethyoxysilane and tetrabutyl titanate in the presence of polyethylene glycol via a sol-gel route. Their infrared spectra,
pore distribution and chemical durability were mainly studied. The results showed that the residual organic component can be removed after heat-treated at 500℃ for 2h, and then a vitreous
structure with Si-O and Ti-O bonds was formed. The porous materials containing Ti had a narrower pore distribution and the peak of the pore distribution curve shifted to the smaller pore diameter.
With the increase of TiO₂ content, the density of porous blocks increased, whereas open porosity and adsorbed water ratio decreased at the same time. After immersion in water at 80℃ for
72h, the type and shape of adsorption-desorption curves changed slightly. Since the change of specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter for the obtained materials decreased with the
increase of Ti content, it indicated an improvement of water resistance. The durability of porous blocks in 1% NaOH basic solutions at 95℃ was apparently improved due to an addition of titanium
as compared with SiO₂ porous block which was collapsed in such solution. However, anti-acid resistance of porous materials in 20% H₂SO₄ solutions at 98℃ can not be improved by an addition of titanium.

Oxidation reaction induced crack healing is one kind of very important methods to improve the strength of engineering ceramics. The quantitative relation among crack healing, oxidation reaction, and strength
improvement were researched. A crack healing model was established and the kinetic analysis of crack healing studied. The effects of time, temperature, and crack size on crack healing were also
studied. The purpose of this paper is supplying theory foundation for quantitative study of crack healing and exact controlling of crack healing.

Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON) thin films were successfully deposited by r.f. sputtering of Li₃PO₄ target coupled with electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) in
N₂ ambient. The effects of ECR powers on the composition, surface morphology, and structures of the as-deposited thin films were examined by
X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV-Vis spectra measurements. The results indicated that ECR power
had an influence on the growth of LiPON thin films. The optimization condition was found to be at ECR power of 200W to assist r.f. sputtering
deposition of LiPON thin films, and Li ionic conductivity was obtained to be 8.0×10^-6S/cm. Too high ECR power may be proven to destroy the
structure of the thin film, and go against the effective insertion of N into Li₃PO₄. The mechanism of N inserted into Li₃PO₄ was discussed
during r.f. sputtering process with ECR plasma assisting for the fabrication of LiPON film.

Oxygen permeation fluxes through dense perovskite-related type Y_1-xLa_xBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ(x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0) membranes were investigated by the steady state permeation method in a temperature
range from 750℃ to 1000℃. Oxygen permeation flux increases with the increase in La element substitution proportions, and increases sharply at about 875℃ due to an order-
disorder transition of the oxygen vacancies in the membrane. oxygen flux of LaBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ(x=1.0) membrane with thickness 1.0mm reaches 1.22 μmol/s·cm² (1.64 mL/min·cm²)
under air/He gradients at 1000℃.

The zeolite silicalite-1 composite membranes on porous carbon tubes were successfully prepared by using a simple seeded synthesis from clear solutions. SEM, XRD and single gas permeation characterization
indicate that the membrane is dense, free-defected and shows good permeation properties. H₂/C₃H₈ ideal selectivity for the membrane is over 15 at room temperature. Zeolite seeds are easily introduced
into the porous carbon surface by a slip-casting technique from seed ethanol solution instead of water solution. The continuous seed layer on the carbon support favors the formation of the perfect membrane. The organic template from the composite membrane can be removed by calcination at 793K under
nitrogen flow. This opens up the route for the preparation of carbon-zeolite films on porous carbon materials and also develops a novel method for tailoring and improving carbon pore structure of porous carbon materials.

P-type transparent conducting indium-tin oxide thin films were successfully prepared by spray pyrolysis and characterized by XRD, Hall and UV-Visible transmission spectra. The results show that with small
In/Sn ratio, the films are in rutile SnO₂ structure, and the films show n-type conductivity. With In/Sn ratio in the range of 0.06～0.25 and process temperature above 550℃, the films are still in
rutile structure, but the conductivity type changes to p-type. For films with In/Sn ratio >0.3, conductivity type changes back to n-type. The process temperature is also an important parameter to the films.
With In/Sn=0.2, the films show n-type for T<550℃, and change to p-type for T>550℃. The hole concentration saturates at T=700℃, with hole concentration as high as 4×10¹⁸cm^-3.
Besides, all the films show transmission as high as 80% in the visible region.

Sapphire is a desired material for infrared-transmitting windows and domes because of its excellent optical and mechanical properties. However, its thermal shock resistance is limited by loss of compressive
strength along the c-axis of the crystal with increasing temperature. Research and development work for increasing the high temperature strength of sapphire is a major problem with sapphire in high-speed
or high-temperature applications. In this paper, SiO₂ coating was prepared on sapphire substrate by RF magnetron reactive sputtering. The flexure strength of sapphire sample uncoated and coated with SiO₂ was studied by 3-point bending tests at room temperature and high temperatures. Surface
morphology and roughness of coated and uncoated sapphire were measured. Surface residual stress of sapphire substrate and sapphire coated with SiO₂ film was estimated by using pointed-indentation
cracking under Vickers indenters. The results show that SiO₂ coating can improve both the surface morphology and roughness of sapphire. At the same time, the SiO₂ coating can change the surface
residual stress of sapphire. Results for 3-point bending tests show that the SiO₂ coating increases the fracture strength of c-axis sapphire by a factor of about 1.5 at 800℃.

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a novel surface ceramic coating technique, based on a plasma discharge treatment in aqueous electrolyte on aluminium surface by using high polarized voltage. An alumina coating was produced
by MAO on aluminium matrix composite. The results of XRD and SEM show that the alumina coating consists of α-Al₂O₃, γ-Al₂O₃ and ε-Al₂O₃. The adhesion of the
coating to the substrate is fine. Many crater-mouth like products formed by the plasma discharge observed on the coatings surface, indicate that the plasma discharge products can be generated in the discharge
channels. The maximum hardness value detected at around 12μm from interface of substrate/coating is 21GPa. The potentiodynamic polarization analysis results of the coating indicate that the MAO coated
aluminium matrix composite possesses excellent corrosion resistance.

La/TiO₂-SiO₂ thin films were prepared by sol-gel processing. The photocatalysis of the films was characterized by means of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under
UV irradiation. The microstructures of prepared films were characterized by using XRD, FE-SEM and AFM analysis. The results show that La³⁺ doping can
significantly improve the photocatalysis of the composite film. The best proper La doping content is 5%, and the degradation rate of La/TiO₂-SiO₂
is increased by 23%, higher than that before La doping. The main reason is that La³⁺ makes TiO₂ grain size smaller, which leads to the increase
of the specific area of TiO₂, resulting in the higher oxidation-reduction potential of the film. Meanwhile cation vancacies with negative charge are
generated when some La³⁺ replace Ti⁴⁺, which makes TiO₂ surface charge out of the balance, and raises separation efficiency of photoelectron--hole
pairs, thus improving the photocatalysis of the composite film.

MgxZn{1-xO films (x=0.23) were prepared on silicon substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at 80℃. The structure properties of Mg_xZn_1-xO films were
studied by using XRD, HRTEM, Raman spectra and AFM. The analyses of XRD and HRTEM indicate that the Mg_xZn_1-xO films have hexagonal wurtzite
single-phase structure and a preferred orientation with c axis perpendicular to the substrates. The lattice constants of Mg_xZn_1-xO films are similar to those of ZnO films. Raman spectra of ZnO and Mg_xZn_1-xO films reveal
that the Mg_xZn_1-xO films have not only hexagonal wurtzite structure, but also higher crystalline quality than ZnO films. AFM image indicates
that the Mg_xZn_1-xO films are polycrystalline.

The techniques of orientation mapping based on electron back-scattering diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X ray diffraction were used to investigate macro-texture,
microstructure and orientation evolution of grains. The preparation atmosphere with lower purity is one of the important reasons, which
induces twins in large quantity in the diamond films investigated. The impurity atoms reduce the stack fault energy in diamond, lower the
obstacles to the formation of twin boundaries, and therefore accelerate the appearance of twins. Frequent twining results in the texture
transformation from {100} to {122}, a weakened film texture as well as the tendency leading to isotropic properties. The {110} oriented
grains keep their orientation after twinning, and therefore indicate certain orientation stability against the repeatedly twinning effects.

A mixed oxide-electron conducting ceramic, La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3-α (LSCF) hollow fiber membrane was prepared by the phase inversion technique. The ceramic hollow
fibre membranes have the asymmetric structure with spongy and dense layers. The dense hollow fibre membranes without defects can be obtained after sintering at 1300℃ for 4h. The crystalline
grain of LSCF in the membranes becomes larger after sintering at high temperatures, however the perovskite crystalline structure doesn’t change. The permeability of LSCF hollow fiber membrane is
higher than that of the common tube membrane.

The nanostructured and conventional zirconia coatings were fabricated by an atmosphere plasma spraying technique. The microstructure of the as-sprayed zirconia
coatings was analyzed. The results show that the nanostructured zirconia coating is a typical lamellar structure composed of columnar grain about
100nm in diameter. In the nanostructured zirconia coating, the pore is fine and of homogeneous distribution, and there exist a large quantity of small
microcracks. The nanostructured zirconia coating possesses better thermal shock resistance than the conventional zirconia coating.