Recent developments and research status of laser crystals were reviewed. In the authors’ points, the main developing trends and research frontier in this field should be focused in the following four directions. First, high-power and large-energy laser crystals at 1μm for advanced fabricating techniques and novel laser weapons. Second, practical mid-infrared laser crystals for eye-safety, remote sensing, optical communications, medical treatment, etc. Third, laser crystals emitting at UV and visible regions for color displaying and optical lithography. Fourth, super-fast laser gain and amplifier media suitable for LD pumping.

A review was provided about the development of the methods for synthesis and modification of Ⅱ-Ⅵ QDs in the last decade. The disadvantages and advantages of these methods were analyzed. Meanwhile, new achievements of the application in medicine and biology as well as the trends of Ⅱ-Ⅵ QDs research were presented.

Since nanoshells consisting of a silica core covered by a gold shell possess high biocompatibility and specially tunable plasmon resonant response based on the relative dimensions of the core radius and shell thickness, they are extremely concerned in many research fields including nanomedicine. The current status of study on the silica/gold nanoshells is reviewed in this paper, meanwhile, the preparing methods and the important applications in nanomedicine of the silica/gold nanoshells are elucidated in detail.

During the process of DKDP crystal growth, supersaturation is the dominating factor which greatly influence the growth and quality of DKDP single crystal. In this paper, DKDP crystal was grown from 75%-deuterated solution by the “point-seed” rapid growth method at different supersaturation. Some specimens of the crystal obtained were tested by synchrotron radiation white beam and XRD. The growth and defects of DKDP crstal at different supersaturation were studied. The results show that DKDP crystal can be grown repidly when the supersaturation is at less than, and the defects will become more and more with the increase of supersaturation.

Cerium-doped lithium gadolinium borate (Li₆Gd(BO₃)₃:Ce) single crystals up to 25mm in diameter and 40mm in length were grown by the Czochralski method using inductively heated platinum crucibles. The as-grown Li₆Gd(BO₃)₃:Ce crystals are of single-phase and they belong to the monoclinic system with space group of P2₁/c. Problems existing in crystal growth such as cleavage crack, stress crack and polycrystalline were discussed. The appearance of the perfect cleavage plane (020) was explained by considering the structure of Li₆Gd(BO₃)₃. The results show that optical transmittance in the range of 380~800nm is near 90%. The absorption from 200nm to 380nm can be related to 4f-5d transitions of Ce³⁺ ions and 4f-4f transitions of Gd³⁺ ions. Both the mission under the optical excitation and the emission under X-ray excitation display the typical double-peaks characteristic of Ce³⁺ ions. Compared with the emission under the optical excitation, the emission under X-ray excitation shows a slight ‘red shit’. Decay time spectrum from Li₆Gd(BO₃)₃:Ce can be well fitted with a decay time of 30.74ns. The energy resolution under the excitation of α-ray from ²⁴¹Am measured is 28.84%.

The crystallization behavior of MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂ glasses containing Cr₂O₃ was investigated by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystallization activation energy (E) was also calculated by Ozawa and Kissinger methods. The results show that the initial precipitated phase and the main crystal phase are not changed by the Cr₂O₃ addition. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperature (T_g) increases and the crystallization apparent activation energy decreases. As a result the E values of cordierite is decreased, the formation of cordierite crystals is promoted. The glass-ceramic obtained by crystallization of the glass has dielectric constant around 5.5, and dielectric loss less than 7×10^-4.

Light yellow nitrogen-doped nano-TiO₂ powders were prepared by directly calcining the mixture of anatase TiO₂ powders and guanidine hydrochloride in the muffle furnace at different temperatures. The as-synthesized powders were characterized by XRD, BET, XPS and UV-Vis reflectance spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that N atoms are incorporated into the lattice of TiO₂ and the concentration of N is up to 8.3at%. XRD patterns indicate that all the powders are anatase crystalline phase. The UV-visible response and higher absorption in the visible light region can be observed. UV-Vis spectral absorption results show that the synthesized N-doped TiO₂ powder calcined at 350°C for 2.5h, has red-shifted well into visible region up to 700nm. The photodegradation of methylene blue shows that N-doped TiO₂ has high visible light photocatalysis.

The complex salt method, a method of preparing indium tin oxide (ITO) nanopowders was put forward. The complex salt crystals,[(NH₄)₂InCl₅·H₂O and (NH₄)₂SnCl₆ were synthesized, which proved the formation of complex ions in the reaction solution. The influence of complex ions on the particle sizes of ITO precursor was researched by increasing the total concentration ratio of chlorine and indium ions T_Cl/T_In). The influence mechanism of complex ions on the particle sizes of ITO powders was first disclosed and put forward. The exist of complex ions decreased the concentration of dissociative In³⁺ and Sn⁴⁺ and increased the controllability of ITO particle sizes, which was favorable to the preparation of ITO nanopowders. ITO precursors were characterized by XRD and a laser particle size analyzer.

PAANH₄ was used as dispersant to improve the dispersibility of particles. The velocity and angle of the impinging streams were investigated to obtain the optimum conditions. Ultrafine barium sulfate particles were prepared in the impinging streams microreactor. The ultrafine particles were characterized by XRD, TEM, and BET. The results indicate that micromixing and homogeneous supersaturation of the reaction are enhanced by impinging streams. The product is obtained as particles with mean size of 100nm and specific surface area of 60m^2·g^-1.

0.1-3.0mol% Er ³⁺ -doped TiO₂ powders were prepared by the sol-gel method using the modified titanium (IV) n-butoxide [Ti(O-Bu)_4-x(AcAc)_x] as the precursor which is prepared by chelating reaction between Ti(O-Bu)₄ and acetylacetone (AcAc) at room temperature and 70°C, respectively. The preparation was performed by using iso-propyl (i-PrOH) as solvent with the addition of hydrated erbium nitrated [Er(NO₃)₃·5H₂O]. When the temperature of the chelating reaction increased from room temperature to 70C, both phase transformation temperatures of 1mol% Er3+-doped TiO₂ xerogels from amorphous to anatase and anatase to rutile were decreased about 40C. XRD analysis showed that, sintered at 700C the phase structure for the TiO2 powders prepared by using Ti(O-Bu)_4-x(AcAc)_x chelated at room temperature is anatase, while that for the TiO₂ powders chelated at 70°C is the mixture of anatase and rutile in small amount. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra centered at about 1.53nm with the form of multi-peak were obtained forthe powders by chelating at the two temperature sintered in the temperature range of 400°C. For 1mol% Er ³⁺ -doped TiO₂ powders sintered at 700°C, the PL peak intensity at 1.53μm increased by a factor of 3 with increasing the chelating reaction temperature to 70°C.

ZnO nanorod arrays were obtained on a silicon wafer coated with rutile TiO₂ thin films by a hydrothermal method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The effect of the concentration of the solution was also investigated. The results reveal ZnO nanorods prepared in mixture of 0.025mol/L of Zn(NO₃)_2^·6H₂O and C₆H₁₂N₄ at 70℃ for 4h are about 100nm in average diameter and about 1μm in length, which possess wurtzite structure with a c-axis growth orientation. The room temperature photoluminescence of the as-prepared ZnO films exhibits a strong UV emission at about 389 nm and a weak emission at about 466nm.

Monoclinic lithium vanadium phosphate Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ is a very promising polyanion-type cathode material for lithium ion batteries. In this work, LiOH·H₂O, V₂O₅, H₃PO₄ and sucros(C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) were homogeneously mixed with certain molar ratios by ball-milling, and then sintered at 800℃ for 16h in N₂. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ powders were finally synthesized via carbothermal reduction process. The structure and morphology of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ powders were characterized by XRD and SEM. At charge-discharge cut-off voltages of 3.0-4.3V and 3.0-4.8V, the material shows rather high specific capacity, excellent cycling performance and rate capability. At charge-discharge cut-off voltages of 1.5-4.8V, the material shows very high specific capacity but poor cycling performance.

The Ni/active carbon (AC) electro-catalyst was prepared by a chemical reduce method using coconut carbon as the support. A new type of storage hydrogen gas cell was designed with membrane electrode made of Ni/AC electro-catalyst and aluminum alloy.
It could output hydrogen gas with high efficiency, safety and low expense. Morphologies and structures of Ni/AC were measured and characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The activity of the Ni/AC membrane electrodes were studied in the neutral electrolyte using steady-state polarization curves. The simulative cells were assembled with different Ni/AC
membrane electrodes and aluminum alloy electrodes in neutral electrolyte. The results showed that nickel particles’ average size on the active carbon was the smallest, when the weight of nickel on carbon 50\%. The Ni/AC membrane electrode made of Ni/AC electro-catalyst with 50wt\% nickel showed best electro-catalytic performance. The simulative cell with the Ni/AC membrane with Ni content 50wt\% as the cathodal electrode did not only possess best discharge capability,
but had most hydrogen gas quantity.

Addition of different potassium salts into 1mol/L LiClO₄/EC+DEC electrolyte can reduce the initial irreversible capacity loss at the first cycle and improve the reversible capacity and the rate capability of a natural graphite anode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and FTIR studies demonstrated the formation of a more conductive and thinner SEI layer on the graphite surface in the electrolyte containing a certain amount of potassium salt.

Electrochemical oxidation of graphite felt was investigated so as to enhance the electrochemical performance of this material for using in vanadium redox cell. Electrochemical activity of the graphite felt in vanadium electrolyte increases with its extent of oxidation. Cell voltage efficiency of over 90% and current efficiency of over 92% are obtained after treatment. Both XPS and FT-IR analysis demonstrates that surface functional groups of COOH increase mainly compared with untreated samples. SEM shows the surfaces are eroded. BET/N₂ measurements show the surface area increases. The improvement of electrochemical activity for the electrode is ascribed to the increase of the number of COOH group and the special surface.

In order to improve the polarization property of LSCN as an anode material of direct-hydrocarbon SOFC, the LSCN powder was mixed with nanometer SDC in weight ratio of 1:1. The conductivity and polarization properties of LSCN-SDC anode in H₂ and CH₄ atmospheres were examined and discussed, relating to the SEM morphologies. The interface structure between the anode and the YSZ electrolyte is obviously modified when nanometer SDC is added. The AC
impedance of the anode with SDC is only tenth of that without SDC, and the polarization property is greatly improved. After polarization test, no carbon species was observed from the microstructure morphology of the LSCN-SDC anode.

(1-x)BiScO₃-xPbTiO₃ (BS-PT) ceramics exhibits excellent dielectric and piezoelectric properties in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (x=64.0% mol fraction PbTiO₃), which separates the rhombohedral phase from tetragonal phase. In our study, the pure perovskite BS-PT ceramics was obtained with compositions near the MPB for x varying from 64.0% to 65.5% using traditional solid state reaction. The perovskite phase formation process and microstructure were investigated and also the dielectric and piezoelectric properties were studied. The results show that BS-PT ceramics with x=64.5% has an optimized piezoelectric characterization, its piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ can reach to as high as 500 pC/N at room temperature, the Curie temperature (Tc) can reach to 438℃, with the remnant polarization Pr=44μC/cm2, electrical field reduced strain 3.5‰. Our research results show that the BS-PT ceramics with the compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary is a good candidate material for the piezoelectric actuator and transducers.

(Na_0.85K_0.15)_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by tape casting process. The effects of heat-treatment on the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of ceramics were investigated. The results show that the ceramics with densified microstructure can be prepared by tape casting process.
The microstructure of cross section is not the same dense as that of surface. There are two phases coexist in the ceramics: perovskite phase and K₂Ti₆O₁₃ phase whose appearance is whisker shape. It is difficult to eliminate K₂Ti₆O₁₃ by heat-treatment process. But heat-treatment will improve the microstructure of cross section effectively and decrease piezoelectric constant d₃₃, dielectric constant and ε dielectric loss tanδ . (Na_0.85K_0.15)_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃(lead-free piezoelectric ceramics show obvious characteristic of ferroelectrics with coercive electric field E_c 2680V/mm and remnant polarization P_r 36.6μC/cm², d₃₃, K_p and Q_m of ceramics are 113pC/N, 0.27 and 154 respectively.

The phase composition, thermal shocking resistance and the separating properties
of both SrCo_0.8Fe_0.2O_3-δ(SCF) and SrCo_0.8Fe_0.1Sn_0.1O_3-δ (SSCF) membranes were investigated systematically. It was found the as
prepared SCF had long-term phase stability, and the SSCF had the composite feature with dual phase composition. As compared with the SCF, the SSCF had a more promoted thermal shocking resistance, which related to the decreasing of thermal expansion coefficient of it in comparison with the former. Furthermore, a permeation rate of 1.87×10^-6 mol cm^-2 s^-1 was obtained on the as-prepared SCF membrane at 1000℃ and under oxygen partial pressure gradient of the P_O2(h)/P_O2(l)=0.209atm /0.012atm,
and at the same measuring condition, the permeability was 2.49×10^-6 mol cm^-2 s^-1 for the as prepared SSCF one.

Pr_0.6-xNd_xSr_0.4FeO_3-δ(x=0.0~0.6)samples were synthesized by the citrate-nitrate method. The formation process of the perovskite-type phase and the microstructure of the samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA, and SEM. The results revealed that all the samples calcined at 1200℃ for 2h were single-phase solid solutions with cubic symmetry. The electrical conductivity of sintered ceramics at 450~800C were measured by four-probe technique. The results show that the specimens with single rare earth and the compounds with Pr or Nd as leading element at A-site have excellent electrical conductivity, the data are over 150S cm^-1, clearly higher than that of two-rare earths specimens. The reason of decreasing electrical conductivity for 0.2≤x≤0.4 is correlated with lower relative density at the same sintering conditions. The maximum value of electrical conductivity for all samples occurred at about 600~700℃, and the electrical conductivity certified that the hopping of small polaron is the dominating mechanism below 650℃.

SiO₂ monoliths with double-pore structure were successfully synthesized with polyethylene glycol as mesopore-making agent and starch as macropore-making agent via a sol-gel route. The porous blocks, having mesopores with about 10nm pore size and macropores with 8~11μm pore size, could be formed from the removal of polyethylene glycol and starch after heated at 600℃. The minimal density of the obtained samples was 0.34g·cm^-3 and the maximal porosity was 76%. The original enzyme activity was improved from 5994U to 14702U by adding 30% of starch to the bare SiO₂ sample. After immersed in water at 80℃ for 7 days, the enzyme adsorption of the samples was increased and there was little difference between enzyme activity before and after immersion. Those results indicated that such double-pore materials with long-term stability on gluczyme immobilization should be easy to reclamation, reservation and recycle of enzyme.

Lu₂O₃ powders with an average particle size of about 40nm were produced by a precipitation methed using Lu (NO₃)₃ and NH₄HCO₃ as starting materials. The precipitation precursor is amorphous and transforms into pure Lu₂O₃ phase by calcining at 600℃ for 2h. The resultant Lu₂O₃, Al₂O₃ and CeO₂ powders were mixed by ball milling, and then sintered into a fully transparent Ce:LuAG ceramic body by vacuum sintering at 1760℃ for 10h and annealed at 1450℃ for 20h. The resultant transparent ceramic has a uniform microstructure with an average grain size of about 4μm. The polished Ce:LuAG ceramic disk with 1.2mm
thickness is highly transparent. The transmittance in the visible region reaches 56%, which is 72% of the theoretical value. The emission spectrum at 470~650nm with the double peak structure (517nm and 552nm) excited by
X-ray is the characteristic spectrum of Ce³⁺ due to the 5d-4f transition, is consistent with that of LuAG:Ce single crystals, well coupled with the silicon photodiodes and satisfies the property requirements of a scintillator. Ce:LuAG transparent ceramics is a promising scintillating material.

Block carbon materials with high thermal conductivities were prepared from mesophase pitch fibers by using their high preferred orientation of pitch molecular and appropriate thermoplasticity through a hot-pressing method. The conductivities and mechanical properties of carbon materials prepared separately from ribbon-shaped and round-shaped mesophase fibers at different oxidizing temperatures were compared and studied. Results show that compared with the round-shaped mesophase fibers, the ribbon-shaped mesophase fibers have higher preferred orientation and larger contact areas, so they have higher densities and conductivities. The density, bending strength, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of carbon materials prepared by using ribbon-shaped fibers oxidized at 260℃ and then sintered at 2800℃ are 2.18g·cm^-3, 118.4MPa, 1.13μΩm and 717W/m·K, respectively.

Laser flash method, thin plate steady
state method and ice calorimetry for measuring thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and specific heat were established. The thermophysical properties related to microstructure of eleven thermal control materials for spacecraft were also studied experimentally. The results show that the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials and thermal protective materials increases with temperature increasing. The effective thermal conductivity of porous insulation materials is influenced by conductive factor, convective factor and radiation factor, and there is an optimum density with the minimum thermal conductivity. Consequently the results provide scientific criteria for thermal control materials
selection and important data for spacecraft thermal design.

The multi-scale porosity model
depicting infiltration induced changes of carbon fiber preform and the
mathematical model depicting ICVI process for fabrication of C/SiC composites
were developed. The integrated model was proposed to simulate densification
behavior of C/SiC composites. The correspondences of calculation results and
the experimental data indicate that the model is reasonable and feasible to
characterize ICVI process of C/SiC composites. The calculated results, such
as distribution of local porosity, uniformity of densification and evolution
of global porosity during infiltration process, lay foundation of further
research and optimization of ICVI process for fabrication of C/SiC composites.

Polyurethane sponges were treated by different surface active agents in order to improve coating properties when ceramic foams were prepared by polymeric sponge process. A more reasonable method, in which coating properties were evaluated through measuring the size of struts of green bodies and uniformity of slurry distribution in the struts of green bodies, was employed. Experimental results showed that among the four surface active agents, the effect of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) on promoting coating properties was the best, and the polyvinylalcohol (PVA)’s effect was the worst. The mechanism of CMC to improve coating properties lies in the structure formed in the condition of pH>7, in which its hydrophobic groups combine with PU sponge and its hydrophilic groups combine with aqueous slurry. This structure promotes greatly wetting
ability between PU sponge and slurry.

Stressed oxidation testing on C/SiC composites in dry and wet oxygen environments under cyclic and constant stress was conducted in the present study. Experimental results and microstructures of fracture surfaces analyzed
by SEM show that the C/SiC composites have a better oxidation resistance
and a longer life under fatigue testing than under creep testing. In dry oxygen environment, the failure of C/SiC composites under creep testing is mainly due to the oxidation of carbon fibers. While in wet oxygen ambient, the fracture of C/SiC composites under creep testing is caused by the failure of SiC matrix because the water vapor accelerates the oxidation of SiC.

A n-HA/chitosan composite cement containing ZnO as the coagulant was prepared, and its physic-chemical properties and the setting mechanism were also investigated. The results showed that both the compressive strength and the corresponding setting time of the cement could meet with the demand in clinic. A chelate having the tight network structure was formed due to the reaction of Zn ²⁺ and Ca ²⁺ ions with amino group of chitosan, which produced a contractive force. The force extruded H₂O molecules out of the cement body and made the cement set fast, and with higher compressive strength.

The supported coupled-semiconductor of NiO-V₂O ₅/SiO₂ was prepared by a chemical modification method. BET, TPR, XRD, Raman, TEM, IR and UV-vis DRS techniques were used to characterize the structure and light adsorption ability of NiO-V₂O ₅/SiO ₂. The results show that, V₂O ₅ exists on the surface of silica as crystallite with the partical size about 10nm, Ni ²⁺ --O--V ⁵⁺ bond forms on the surface of NiO-V₂O ₅/SiO₂, and NiO and V₂O ₅ on the surface of support can act on each other. On the one hand, NiO can promote the dispersion of V₂O ₅ on the surface of silica, which effectively prevents V₂O ₅ from aggregation, diminishes the size of crystallite, moreover, NiO can expand the light absorption ability of solid material, advances its utilization to light energy.

A new material NaY/MCM-48 composite molecular sieve was prepared with NaY-zeolite as the inner core. The synthesized composite sample was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, IR, N ₂ adsorption/desorption method and TPD. In addition, it’s hydrothermal stability was studied. The results show that the composite material has the properties of both mesoporous MCM-48 and the microporous NaY. The composite molecular sieve has thicker pore wall, larger pore size, stronger acid strength and higher hydrothermal stability than pure mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-48. The DFT pore diameter is mainly located at 1.2nm and 3.2nm.

Al₂O₃ thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition using trimthylaluminum
(TMA) and water (H₂O) as precursors at 270℃. Thermal stability of the Al₂O₃ film was explored by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results indicated that a small quantity of Al--OH groups existed in the as-deposited samples, and almost disappeared after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 600℃ or higher. The O/Al ratio in the as deposited film was 1.57. And the ratio decreased to 1.52 in the RTA treated film, as expected in the case of stoichiometric Al₂O₃. FTIR spectroscopic revealed that there were also the presence of --CH₃ species in the as-deposited films. The amount of --CH₃ species decreased as annealing temperature increasing. In addition, after high temperatures RTA, the surface roughness of the Al₂O₃ films improved obviously, its RMS approached 1.15nm after 900℃ RTA.

Lead zirconate titanate(PZT) ferroelectric thin films were prepared by both sol-gel and r.f. magnetron sputtering technologies. In order to decrease the crystallization temperature of thin films and improve the probabilities of nucleus, a PZT seed-layer was prepared by using the sol-gel method. The PZT ferroelectric thin films with about 500nm thickness were sputter-deposited from a Pb(Zr_xTi_1-x)O₃(x=0.3) ceramic target containing 10% excess Pb on PZT(seed layer)/Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates. The stepping-annealing with RTP (rapid theal process) was proposed for theal treatment of the PZT ferroelectric thin films. The PZT ferroelectric thin film showed good dielectric and pyroelectric properties
by pre-annealing at 450℃ for 5min and following post-annealing at 575℃ for 5min. The results of pyroelectric coefficient 2.3×10^-8C·cm^-2·K^-1, relative dielectric constant 500, dielectric loss 0.02, detectivity figure of merit 0.94×10^-5Pa^-0.5 were obtained.

The polycrystalline Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ thin films were successfully prepared by femtosecond laser deposition on Si(111) wafers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ thin film was highly c-axis-oriented deposited at room temperature (20℃), but the film was highly a-axis-oriented deposited at 500circC. The remanent polarization (P _r) and coercive force (E_c) of a-axis-oriented samples were measured to be 15μC/cm² and 48kV/cm respectiovely. An equivalent circuit with distributed constants of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂/Si was introduced to interpret the relationship between the I-V characteristic curve and the ferroelectric hysteresis loop of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ deposited on Si.

HA(+ZrO₂+Y₂O₃)/Ti6Al4V composite coatings were fabricated successfully by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering RF-MS technique. The surface and interface morphologies, phase composition and chemical structure of the composite coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Experimental results show that the amorphous coating deposited by RF-MS can be transferred into that with crystalline structure and restored OH- group by
post-annealing. The surface morphology of composite coatings is coarse
and uneven with the well-distributed concaves. The average diameter of
these concaves is in the range of 0.5～2.0μm, and the surface area of
these concaves is about 30%～40%. These concaves will greatly increase
the micro-surface area of coating. Interfacial tensile test indicates that
the interfacial bond strength between HA(+ZrO₂+Y₂O₃)/Ti6Al4V composite coating and substrate is 59.6MPa. Furthermore, the bond strength of HA(+ZrO₂+Y₂O₃)/Ti6Al4V composite coatings is enhanced with the increasing of sputtering power. Results of simulated body fluid (SBF) test indicate that a new substance on the surface of HA(+ZrO₂+Y₂O₃)composite coating will be produced after the composite coating immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF), this substance is bone-like apatite containing CO₃^2- group and has very small grain size and amorphous structure, its structure and composition are similar to those of natural bone. Thus, HA(+ZrO₂+Y₂O₃)/Ti6Al4V composite coatings have good biocompatibility and bioactivity.

A new type of nanotube junction was synthesized with CH₄/H₂ and CH ₄/B₂H₆/H₂ source gases in a continuous CVD process by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD), Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle as the
catalyst and porous silicon as the substrate. Scanning electron microscope
(SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to evaluate the
morphology and structure. The result shows that the junction is joined with
a bamboo-like boron-doped CNT at one side and a straight tubular CNT at
another side. The junction grows via bottom-end growth mechanism, boron-doped CNT growing in first period is on the top of the nanotube junction.

MnOOH nanorods were synthesized hydrothermally at 130℃ for 16h, by using KMnO₄ and N₄(CH₂)₆ as main materials. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The effects of both molar ratios between reactants and reaction temperature on the products were investigated. The results show that the as-prepared MnOOH nanorods are with a monoclinic single phase, rod-like morphology and single crystalline nature.

Different activated carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) were obtained with different activating agent dosages using KOH as the activating agent. All the ACNTs were used as the electrode materials of electrochemical super capacitors and the ACNTs electrochemical capacitances were tested by DC-5C battery testing
instrument. The results showed that the ACNTs electrochemical capacitance
changed with modifying the mass ratio of KOH and carbon nanotubes (CNTs),
and had a maximum at m_KOH/m_CNTs=3. At the same time, ACNTs were characterized by TEM, HRTEM and N2 auto adsorber. And the results showed that the relationship between the ACNTs electrochemical capacitance and activating agent dosage was closely correlated with the ACNTs BET specific surface area. Namely, the ACNTs BET specific surface area was important to their electrochemical capacitance.

The V-doped silicate oxyapatites La₉(SiO₄)_6-x(VO₄)_xO_1.5+0.5x (x=0, 0.5 and 1) were synthesized successfully via a sol-gel method at 800circC. The apatite phases were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Conducting properties were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It is found that the conductivities are influenced by increasing vanadium content, the conductivity of La₉(SiO₄)₅(VO₄)O₂ is 5.23×times 10^-3S·cm^-1 at 700circC, it is about 5 times higher than La₉(SiO₄)₆O_1.5.
The electrical conductivity of La₉(SiO₄)₆O_1.5 is almost independent
of the oxygen partial pressure from 105 to 1Pa, but that of La₉(SiO4)_5(VO₄)O₂
is minor increased. This result may indicate n-type electron conduction
generated in the vanadium doped system.

Layered K-Fe-Ti metal oxide, a new kind of photocatalyst was obtained via a solid-state reaction route with the mixture of KNO₃, Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, TiO₂. The effects of preparing parameters such as material ratio and reaction temperature etc, on the structure characteristics and crystal morphology
were investigated by using XRD, SEM and TEM technology. Meanwhile, under UV light irradiation, the native photocatalyst was found to evolve H₂ from pure water. The result indicates that not only the photocatalyst prepared has high photocatalytic activity, but aslo its visible light absorption is notable with comparison of that by using market TiO₂.

Titania-silica mesoporous materials were synthesized by the improved homogeneous precipitation method with tetraethyl silicate and titanium isopropoxide as precursors and CTAB as the structure-directing agent. The materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, nitrogen sorption and so on. The mesoporous composite with Ti/Si molar ratio of 1/2 shows a narrow distributing pore diameter and large special surface area of 609m²/g. Compared with pure nano-TiO₂ particles at the same titania loading, the composite exhibits higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl orange. The
photocatalytic activity is greatly improved by doping platinum with an ppropriate loading.

The silica sol was prepared by a sol-gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the starting material. Effects of acetic acid, water, and solvents on the spinnability and morphologies of electrospun fibers were investigated. The morphologies of fibers were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). When the molar ratio of water/TEOS was 1～2, electrospun fibers were smooth and continual. When the ratio was 4, circular pellets were gained. When the molar ratio of HCl/TEOS was 0.01-0.10, fibers became utual cementation, and formed intercross network structure with HCl content icreased. By using THF, acetone or ethyl alcohol respectively as solvent, the sols were spinnable. With THF or acetone as solvent, the electrospun fibers had numerous beads, but with ethyl alcohol as solvent, the fibers were continual and long without any bead.

High-quality Nd:YAG transparent ceramic was prepared. The sample for laser testing was 3mm×3mm×3mm in size, mirror-polished on both sides and without coating. 1003mW-cw laser output at 1064nm was obtained corresponding to a slope efficiency of 14%.