F127 Template on Pore Structure and Electrochemical Performances of Mesoporous SnO2

doi:10.15541/jim20150521

Abstract

Abstract:

Mesoporous SnO₂ was synthesized via a hydrothermal process using tin chloride (SnCl₄·5H₂O) and urea ((NH₂)₂CO) as raw materials, with a block polyether F127(EO₁₀₆-PO₇₀-EO₁₀₆) as a template. The analysis results (XRD, TEM, BET, etc) show that the amount of F127 has significant influence on pore structure of mesoporous SnO₂. With increasing dosage of F127, specific surface area and pore volume of the mesoporous SnO₂ increase with pore size distribution relatively broad. The results of the electrochemical tests indicate that existence of mesopores not only provide the path for deinsertion and insertion of Li⁺, but also buffer the huge volume expansion of tin dioxide, which consequently improves the electrochemical performances of mesoporous SnO₂as an anode material. When the amount of F127 is 6.0 g, the as-prepared 6F-SnO₂ with a BET specific surface area of 124 m²/g and average pore size of 4.94 nm, displays optimal cycle performance and rate performance which the reversible capacity of the 6F-SnO₂ maintains 434 mAh/g at 60 mA/g after 30 cycles. In addition, the cyclic voltammetric test reveals that the reversible reduction of partial Li₂O with high activity can provide additional reversible capacity.

Key words: mesoporous materials, tin dioxide (SnO2), pore structure, lithium-ion battery

CLC Number:

O646

ZHAI Li-Li, ZHANG Jiang, LI Xuan-Ke, CONG Ye, DONG Zhi-Jun, YUAN Guan-Ming. F127 Template on Pore Structure and Electrochemical Performances of Mesoporous SnO₂[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2016, 31(6): 588-596.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of mesoporous SnO2 samples synthesized with different F127 additive amounts

Table 1 Crystalline sizes of mesoporous SnO2 synthesized with different F127 additive amounts

Sample	D₍₁₁₀₎/nm
SnO₂	3.98
3F-SnO₂	4.39
4.5F-SnO₂	4.06
6F-SnO₂	3.84
7.5F-SnO₂	3.66
9F-SnO₂	3.59

Fig. 2 SEM images of SnO2 synthesized with different F127 additive amounts. (a) SnO2; (b) 3F-SnO2; (c) 4.5F-SnO2; (d) 6F-SnO2; (e) 7.5F-SnO2; (f) 9F-SnO2

Fig. 3 TEM images of (a) SnO2 and (b) 6F-SnO2

Fig. 4 N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves (inset) of mesoporous SnO2 synthesized with different F127 additive amounts. (a) SnO2; (b) 3F-SnO2; (c) 6F-SnO2; (d) 9F-SnO2

Table 2 Pore structural parameters of mesoporous SnO2 synthesized with different F127 additive amounts

Samples	BET/(m²·g^-1)	Pore volume/(cm³·g^-1)	Average pore size/nm
SnO₂	94	0.097	4.10
3F-SnO₂	104	0.110	4.25
4.5F-SnO₂	110	0.122	4.42
6F-SnO₂	124	0.153	4.94
7.5F-SnO₂	126	0.152	4.86
9F-SnO₂	138	0.179	5.19

Fig. 5 Galvanostatical charge-discharge curves of (a) SnO2 and (b) 6F-SnO2

Fig. 6 Cycling performances and coulombic efficiency of mesoporous SnO2 synthesized with different F127 additive amounts. (a) SnO2; (b) 3F-SnO2; (c) 6F-SnO2; (d) 9F-SnO2

Fig. 7 Charge-discharge cycling performance and coulombic efficiency of 6F-SnO2 as anode material

Fig. 8 Rate capability of mesoporous SnO2 synthesized with different F127 additive amounts

Fig. 9 Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of (a) SnO2 and (b) 6F- SnO2 for 1st, 2nd, 3rd cycle

Fig. 10 Nyquist plots of SnO2 and 6F-SnO2

References 27

[1]	DAHN J R, ZHENG T, LIU Y, et al.Mechanisms for lithium insertion in carbonaceous materials.Science, 1995, 270(5236): 590-593.
[2]	IDOTA Y, KUBOTA T, MATSUFUJI A, et al.Tin-based amorphous oxide: a high-capacity lithium-ion-storage material.Science, 1997, 276(5317): 1395-1397.
[3]	COURTNEY I A, DAHN J R.Electrochemical and in situ X-ray diffraction studies of the reaction of lithium with tin oxide composites.Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1997, 144(6): 2045-2052.
[4]	FAN J, WANG T, YU C Z, et al.Ordered nanostructured tin-based oxides/carbon composite as the negative-electrode material for lithium-ion batteries.Advanced Materials, 2004, 16(16): 1432-1436.
[5]	WANG J Z, DU N, ZHANG H, et al.Large-scale synthesis of SnO2 nanotube arrays as high-performance anode materials of Li-ion batteries.The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2011, 115(22): 11302-11305.
[6]	YIN X M, LI C C, ZHANG M, et al.One-step synthesis of hierarchical SnO2 hollow nanostructures via self-assembly for high power lithium-ion batteries.The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2010, 114(17): 8084-8088.
[7]	WANG C, ZHOU Y, GE M Y, et al.Large-scale synthesis of SnO2 nanosheets with high lithium-ion storage capacity.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009, 132(1): 46-47.
[8]	ZHANG X, JIANG B, GUO J X, et al.Large and stable reversible lithium-ion storages from mesoporous SnO2 nanosheets with ultralong lifespan over 1000 cycle.Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 268: 365-371.
[9]	SHIVA K, KIRAN M S R N, RAMAMURTY U, et al. A broad pore size distribution mesoporous SnO2 as anode for lithium-ion batteries.J. Solid State Electrochem., 2012, 16(11): 3643-3649.
[10]	LIU X W, ZHONG X W, YANG Z Z, et al.Gram-scale synthesis of graphene-mesoporous SnO2 composite as anode for lithium-ion batteries.Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 152(10): 178-182.
[11]	YANG Z L, ZHAO S J, JIANG W, et al.Carbon-supported SnO2 nanowire arrays with enhanced lithium storage properties.Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 158: 321-326.
[12]	WU P, DU N, ZHANG H, et al.Carbon-coated SnO2 nanotubes template-engaged synthesis and their application in lithium-ion batteries.Nanoscale, 2011, 3(2): 746-750.
[13]	YANG Q, HU W B.Amorphous SnO2-C composite fibers and their electrochemical performance.Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2015, 30(8): 861-888.
[14]	ZHANG C F, PENG X, GUO Z P, et al.Carbon-coated SnO2/graphene nanosheets as highly reversible anode materials for lithium ion batteries.Carbon, 2012, 50(5): 1897-1903.
[15]	YU Z J, WANG Y L, DENG H G, et al.Synthesis and electrochemical performance of SnO2/graphene anode material for lithium ion batteries.Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2013, 28(5): 515-520.
[16]	LI Y D, LU X, WANG H K, et al.Growth of ultrafine SnO2 nanoparticles within multiwall carbon nanotube networks: non-solution synthesis and excellent electrochemical properties as anodes for lithium ion batteries.Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 178: 778-785.
[17]	LIU Y F, HU Z H, XU K, et al.Surface modification and performance of activated carbon electrode material.Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2008, 24(7): 1143-1148.
[18]	KIM H, CHO J.Hard templating synthesis of mesoporous and nanowire SnO2 lithium battery anode materials.Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2008, 18(7): 771-775.
[19]	SONG H H, YANG S B, CHEN X H.The effect on high charge/discharge rate performance of the lithium ion battery.Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 33(6): 443-448.
[20]	WANG Y, SAKAMOTO J, KOSTOV S, et al.Structural aspects of electrochemically lithiated SnO: nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption studies.Journal of Power Sources, 2000, 89(2): 232-236.
[21]	LOU X W, LI C M, ARCHER L A.Designed synthesis of coaxial SnO2@carbon hollow spheres for highly reversible lithium storage.Advanced Materials, 2009, 21(24): 2536-2539.
[22]	ZHANG Y L, LIU Y, LIU M L.Nano-structured columnar tin oxide thin film electrode for lithium ion batteries.Chemistry of Materials, 2006, 18(19): 4643-4646.
[23]	WANG J H, LI B, WU H Y, et al.Synthesis of mesoporous SnO2 and its application in lithium ion battery.Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2008, 24(4): 681-685.
[24]	LIU B, CAO M H, ZHAO X Y, et al.Facile synthesis of ultraﬁne carbon-coated SnO2 nanoparticles for high-performance reversible lithium storage.Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 243: 54-59.
[25]	ZHANG Y X, ZHANG X J.The influence of the template agent on the order mesoporous carbon channel structure.Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Natural Science), 2010, 37(5): 83-87.
[26]	LI Z P, ZHAO R H, GUO F, et al.Preparation and characterization of ordered mesoporous alumina with high specific surface area with F127 as template.Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2008, 29(1): 13-17.
[27]	COURTNEY I A, MCKINNON W R, Dahn J R.On the aggregation of tin in SnO composite glasses caused by the reversible reaction with lithium.Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1999, 146(1): 59-68.

F127 Template on Pore Structure and Electrochemical Performances of Mesoporous SnO₂

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 27

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LIU Pengdong, WANG Zhen, LIU Yongfeng, WEN Guangwu. Research Progress on the Application of Silicon Slurry in Lithium-ion Batteries [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(9): 992-1004.
[2]	YANG Zhuo, LU Yong, ZHAO Qing, CHEN Jun. X-ray Diffraction Rietveld Refinement and Its Application in Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(6): 589-605.
[3]	LING Jie, ZHOU Anning, WANG Wenzhen, JIA Xinyu, MA Mengdan. Effect of Cu/Mg Ratio on CO₂ Adsorption Performance of Cu/Mg-MOF-74 [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(12): 1379-1386.
[4]	SU Nana, HAN Jingru, GUO Yinhao, WANG Chenyu, SHI Wenhua, WU Liang, HU Zhiyi, LIU Jing, LI Yu, SU Baolian. ZIF-8-derived Three-dimensional Silicon-carbon Network Composite for High-performance Lithium-ion Batteries [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(9): 1016-1022.
[5]	WANG Yang, FAN Guangxin, LIU Pei, YIN Jinpei, LIU Baozhong, ZHU Linjian, LUO Chengguo. Microscopic Mechanism of K⁺ Doping on Performance of Lithium Manganese Cathode for Li-ion Battery [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(9): 1023-1029.
[6]	ZHU Hezhen, WANG Xuanpeng, HAN Kang, YANG Chen, WAN Ruizhe, WU Liming, MAI Liqiang. Enhanced Lithium Storage Stability Mechanism of Ultra-high Nickel LiNi_0.91Co_0.06Al_0.03O₂@Ca₃(PO₄)₂ Cathode Materials [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(9): 1030-1036.
[7]	FENG Kun, ZHU Yong, ZHANG Kaiqiang, CHEN Zhang, LIU Yu, GAO Yanfeng. Boehmite Nanosheets-coated Separator with Enhanced Performance for Lithium-ion Batteries [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(9): 1009-1015.
[8]	CHEN Ying, LUAN Weiling, CHEN Haofeng, ZHU Xuanchen. Multi-scale Failure Behavior of Cathode in Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Stress Field [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(8): 918-924.
[9]	WANG Yutong, ZHANG Feifan, XU Naicai, WANG Chunxia, CUI Lishan, HUANG Guoyong. Research Progress of LiTi₂(PO₄)₃ Anode for Aqueous Lithium-ion Batteries [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(5): 481-492.
[10]	LI Kunru, HU Xinghui, ZHANG Zhengfu, GUO Yuzhong, HUANG Ruian. Three-dimensional Porous Biogenic Si/C Composite for High Performance Lithium-ion Battery Anode Derived from Equisetum Fluviatile [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(9): 929-935.
[11]	WANG Ying, ZHANG Wenlong, XING Yanfeng, CAO suqun, DAI Xinyi, LI Jingze. Performance of Amorphous Lithium Phosphate Coated Lithium Titanate Electrodes in Extended Working Range of 0.01-3.00 V [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(9): 999-1005.
[12]	ZHANG Junmin, CHEN Xiaowu, LIAO Chunjin, GUO Feiyu, YANG Jinshan, ZHANG Xiangyu, DONG Shaoming. Optimizing Microstructure and Properties of SiC_f/SiC Composites Prepared by Reactive Melt Infiltration [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(10): 1103-1110.
[13]	CHENG Fu-Qiang,JI Tian-Tian,XUE Min,MENG Zi-Hui,WU Yu-Kai. Thiohydroxy-functionalized Mesoporous Materials: Preparation and its Adsorption to Cr⁶⁺ [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(2): 193-198.
[14]	WANG Yanan, LI Hua, WANG Zhengkun, LI Qingfeng, LIAN Chen, HE Xin. Progress on Failure Mechanism of Lithium Ion Battery Caused by Diffusion Induced Stress [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(10): 1071-1087.
[15]	Jian-Huang KE, Kai XIE, Yu HAN, Wei-Wei SUN, Shi-Qiang LUO, Jin-Feng LIU. Morphology Controlling of the High-voltage Cathode Materials with Different Co-solvents [J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2019, 34(6): 618-624.