Three-dimensional Porous Biogenic Si/C Composite for High Performance Lithium-ion Battery Anode Derived from Equisetum Fluviatile

doi:10.15541/jim20200525

Abstract

Abstract:

Silicon-based materials are one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their theoretical capacity which is ten times higher than that of conventional graphite. However, the complex fabrication process and the high cost of silicon-based nanomaterials limit their practical application. In this study, equisetum fluviatile was used as raw material to prepare a three-dimensional porous biogenic Si/C composite (3D-bio-Si/C) by deep reduction, mild oxidation and carbon coating processes. The three-dimensional porous structure not only allows rapid diffusion of Li⁺, but also provides enough voids to accommodate the volume change on Li⁺ insertion and extraction. Benefiting from the abundant internal porosity and the high-strength outer carbon film of the three-dimensional porous structure, the obtained 3D-bio-Si/C shows remarkable electrochemical performance. This 3D-bio-Si/C can deliver reversible specific capacity of 1243.2 mAh/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and maintain 933.4 mAh/g after 400 cycles. This low-cost, scalable, green and sustainable route to synthesize high-performance silicon-based anode material derived from equisetum fluviatile lays a foundation for the commercial preparation of Si based lithium-ion battery anode materials.

Key words: equisetum fluviatile, lithium-ion battery, porous silicon, silicon/carbon composite, anode material

CLC Number:

TQ152

LI Kunru, HU Xinghui, ZHANG Zhengfu, GUO Yuzhong, HUANG Ruian. Three-dimensional Porous Biogenic Si/C Composite for High Performance Lithium-ion Battery Anode Derived from Equisetum Fluviatile[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(9): 929-935.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration for the fabrication of 3D-bio-Si/C

Fig. 2 XRD patterns for products in different preparation stages of 3D-bio-Si/C

Fig. 3 Raman spectra of 3D-bio-Si and 3D-bio-Si/C

Fig. 4 High-resolution Si2p XPS spectrum of 3D-bio-Si

Fig. 5 (a, d) SEM, (b, e) TEM and (c, f) HRTEM images of (a-c) 3D-bio-SiO2 and (d-f) 3D-bio-Si

Fig. 6 SEM (a), TEM (b) and HRTEM (c) images of 3D-bio-Si/C

Fig. 7 (a) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and (b) pore size distribution curves for 3D-bio-SiO2, 3D-bio-Si and 3D-bio-Si/C

Fig. 8 (a) Charge and discharge curves for initial 6 cycles at 0.05 A/g, (b) CV curves at a scanning rate of 0.5 mV/s, (c) cycling performance (1 A/g), and (d) rate capability at different rates of 3D-bio-Si/C

Table 1 Comparison of electrochemical properties for various biomass-derived Si as LIBs anodes

Sample	Si source	Structure	Current density/(A∙g^-1)	Capacity/(mAh∙g^-1) (Cycle number)	Ref.
Si/N-doped C	Rice husk	Spheres	0.5	1031 (100^th)	[10]
Si/C	Rice husk	Spheres	0.1	560 (180^th)	[26]
Si/N-doped C	Bamboo charcoal	Porous	0.2	603 (120^th)	[27]
Si@C/RGO	Bamboo leaf	Nanoparticles	0.84	1900 (100^th)	[28]
Si/N-doped C	Horsetail	Nanoparticles	1	750 (760^th)	[29]
Si/C	Reed plants	Porous	0.5	1050 (200^th)	[30]
Si/C	Rice husk	Bulks	0.1	537 (100^th)	[16]
3D-bio-Si/C	Equisetum fluviatile	Porous	1	933 (400^th)	This work

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