Effect of Heat-treatment Process on the Structure and Photoelectric Performance of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2012.00054

Abstract

Abstract:

TiO₂ nanotube arrays were made on the titanium foil by the method of anodic oxidation, and then crystallized by different heat-treatment processes. The morphology and structure of the TiO₂ nanotube arrays were characterized by SEM and XRD. The results showed that the TiO₂ nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation and annealed at the temperature range of 450-750℃ were nanocrystalline structure, and the average measurement of the crystal particle grew with the increasing of the annealing temperature. The average crystal size of TiO₂ nanotube arrays annealed in the nitrogen atmosphere is smaller than that annealed in the air atmosphere at the same temperature. Annealing in the nitrogen atmosphere can widen the limit of the transformation temperature from Anatase to Rutile. Annealed above 650℃, the TiO₂ nanotube arrays can be doped into a small amount of nitrogen. The results of light open-circuit potential tests and the steady-state polarization curves tests show that the TiO₂ namotube arrays electrode has the best photoelectric response properties after being annealed in the nitrogen atmosphere at 650℃ for 2 h. The arrays have mixed crystal structure of Anatase and Rutile.

Key words: TiO₂ nanotubes, anneal, crystal structure, photoelectric response

CLC Number:

O649

JIN Chong, ZHANG Wei-Guo, YAO Su-Wei, WANG Hong-Zhi. Effect of Heat-treatment Process on the Structure and Photoelectric Performance of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2012, 27(1): 54-58.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 Surface(a)and cross-section(b)SEM images of Ti-based TiO2 nanotube arrays

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of TiO2 nanotube arrays annealed in air at different temperatures

Fig. 3 XRD patterns of TiO2 nanotube arrays annealed in N2 atmosphere at different temperatures

Table 1 Average grain size and phase composition of the TiO2 nanotube arrays calain under different conditions

Sample	Calcination temperature /℃	Crystallite size of anatase / nm	Crystallite size of rutile / nm	Rutile by XRD / %
a	450	15.6	-	0
b	550	17.2	23.3	24.25
c	650	18.2	28.2	47.70
d	750	-	32.3	100
e	450	14.9	19.8	2.12
f	550	16.3	21.6	21.39
g	650	17.6	23.5	29.53
h	750	25.1	28.0	95.33

Fig. 4 Open-circuit potential of TiO2 nanotube arrays electrodes annealed in air

Fig. 5 Open-circuit potential of TiO2 nanotube arrays electrodes annealed in N2 atmosphere

Table 2 Open-circuit potentials of TiO2 nanotube arrays electrodes annealed in different conditions

Heat temperature	/mV
Heat temperature	N₂	Air
450℃	180	150
550℃	240	220
650℃	330	180
750℃	230	120

Fig. 6 Dark and irradiation polarization curves of TiO2 nanotube arrays electrodes annealed at different atmosphere

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Effect of Heat-treatment Process on the Structure and Photoelectric Performance of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays

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