增材制造压电陶瓷研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20210358

无机材料学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 585-595.DOI: 10.15541/jim20210358

所属专题：【虚拟专辑】增材制造及3D打印(2021-2022)； 2022年度中国知网高下载论文

• 综述 • 下一篇

增材制造压电陶瓷研究进展

南博¹^,²(), 臧佳栋³, 陆文龙³, 杨廷旺³, 张升伟³, 张海波¹^,²()

1.华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院, 材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室, 武汉 430074
2.广东华中科技大学工业技术研究院, 东莞 523808
3.深圳市基克纳科技有限公司, 深圳 518100

收稿日期:2021-06-07 修回日期:2021-08-18 出版日期:2022-06-20 网络出版日期:2021-11-01
通讯作者: 张海波, 教授. E-mail: hbzhang@hust.edu.cn
作者简介:南博(1989-), 男, 博士. E-mail: bonan@hust.edu.cn
基金资助:
广东华中科技大学工业技术研究院广东省制造装备数字化重点实验室(2020B1212060014);东莞市引进创新科研团队计划(2020607101007)

Recent Progress on Additive Manufacturing of Piezoelectric Ceramics

NAN Bo¹^,²(), ZANG Jiadong³, LU Wenlong³, YANG Tingwang³, ZHANG Shengwei³, ZHANG Haibo¹^,²()

1. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2. Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute, Dongguan 523808, China
3. Shenzhen Geekvape Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518100, China

Received:2021-06-07 Revised:2021-08-18 Published:2022-06-20 Online:2021-11-01
Contact: ZHANG Haibo, professor. E-mail: hbzhang@hust.edu.cn
About author:NAN Bo (1989-), male, PhD. E-mail: bonan@hust.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

压电陶瓷是一种可以实现机械信号和电信号相互转换的功能陶瓷。由压电陶瓷与有机相构成的复合材料具有不同的宏观连接方式, 这不仅决定了压电器件广泛的应用场合, 而且推动了压电陶瓷材料和器件多样化的成型技术发展。与传统成型技术相比, 增材制造技术的最大优势在于无需模具即可实现外形复杂的小批量样品快速成型, 这与多样化的压电陶瓷及其器件研发需求十分契合, 同时因其样品后续加工量少、原材料利用率高、无需切削液的特点, 得到了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。在陶瓷材料增材制造领域, 功能陶瓷和器件的研究仍在增长期。本文从不同增材制造技术角度, 探讨和对比现阶段无铅和含铅压电陶瓷增材制造的发展历史、原料制备、外形设计、功能特性检测及试样的应用, 并根据现阶段各增材制造技术的优、劣势对其未来进行了展望。

关键词: 增材制造, 含铅压电陶瓷, 无铅压电陶瓷, 功能特性, 综述

Abstract:

Piezoelectric ceramic is a type of functional ceramic, which is able to convert the mechanical signal and the electronic signal mutually. Composed of piezoelectric ceramics and organic phase, piezoelectric composites have different kinds of connectivities, which not only determine the diverse applications of piezoelectric devices, but also promote the development of various shaping techniques in manufacturing piezoelectric materials and devices. In comparison with the traditional shaping methods, the most distinguishable advantage of additive manufacturing lies in its ability of quickly shaping a small batch of samples into geometrically complex designs without a mould, which makes it a highly suitable technique for investigating piezoelectric ceramics and its derivative devices in different kinds of connectivities. Meanwhile, the final additively manufactured samples require only tiny post-processing, have a high rate of utilization of the raw material and do not need cutting fluid during manufacturing. Due to the above-mentioned advantages, it attracts the widespread concerns from both academic and industrial communities. When focusing in the field of additive manufacturing ceramics, the data of scientific reports in additive manufacturing functional ceramics and devices prove that it is still in a growing period. In the perspective of different additive manufacturing techniques, this article discusses and compares additive manufacturing of both lead-free and lead-based piezoelectric ceramics in the aspects of their historical development of each technique, preparation of the raw materials, geometrical designs, measurement of functional properties, and applications of the printed samples, and forecasts the future development based on the current benefits and drawbacks of each additive manufacturing technique.

Key words: additive manufacturing, lead-based piezoceramics, lead-free piezoceramics, functional property, review

中图分类号:

TM282

南博, 臧佳栋, 陆文龙, 杨廷旺, 张升伟, 张海波. 增材制造压电陶瓷研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(6): 585-595.

NAN Bo, ZANG Jiadong, LU Wenlong, YANG Tingwang, ZHANG Shengwei, ZHANG Haibo. Recent Progress on Additive Manufacturing of Piezoelectric Ceramics[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(6): 585-595.

图/表 8

图1 压电陶瓷的连接方式与常用于压电陶瓷的增材制造技术示意图

Fig. 1 Connectivities of piezoelectric ceramics and schematic pictures of common AM techniques applied for preparing piezoelectric ceramics (a) 10 types of connectivitities in bi-phase composites[10]; (b) Vat photopolymerization[18]; (c) Direct ink writing[21]; (d) Inkjet printing[23]; (e) Fused deposition modelling[26]; (f) Binder jetting[29]

表1 陶瓷增材制造技术的优缺点和原材料成分对比

Table 1 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages and composition of the feedstocks among several AM techniques applied in ceramics

AM techniques	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ingredients of raw materials	Binder system	Ref.
Vat photo- polymerization (VP)	Low surface roughness, high printing accuracy	High cost of ceramic paste and machine, low degree of open source	Photosensitive polymer + ceramic powder/ceramic precursor	Photosensitive polymer	[18-20]
Direct ink writing (DIW)	Open source, multi-materials printing	Clogging of nozzles, high surface roughness	Powder + polymer solution (high viscosity)/ceramic precursor	Water/oil based	[21-22]
Inkjet printing (IP)	Open source, high printing accuracy	Low solids loading, easy precipitation of the particles	Powder + polymer solution (low viscosity)/ceramic precursor	Water/oil based	[23-25]
Fused deposition modelling (FDM)	Open source, low cost of the machine	Low relative density, low accuracy	Ceramic powder + polymer (filament)	Thermal plastic polymers	[26-28]
Binder jetting (BJ)	High quality, gradient materials	High cost of machine, reuse of the powder bed	Powder bed + polymer solution	Water/oil based	[29]

图2 不同形状的压电陶瓷BT阵列[39]

Fig. 2 Piezoelectric BT arrays with different shapes[39] (a) Dot array; (b-c) Square arrays with different sized void spaces; (d) Honeycomb array

图3 可调节压电常数的压电超材料设计[44]

Fig. 3 Design of piezoelectric metamaterials for tailorable piezoelectric charge constants[44] (a-g): Node unit designs from 3-, 4-, 5- and 8-strut identical projection patterns, respectively; (h) Node unit with dissimilar projection patterns showing decoupled $\bar{d}_{31}$, $\bar{d}_{32}$; (i) Dimensionless piezoelectric anisotropy design space accommodating different 3D node unit designs with distinct d3M distributions

图4 直写式打印压电陶瓷材料的宏观、微观形貌及应用

Fig. 4 Macrostructure, microstructure and application of piezoelectric ceramics prepared by direct ink writing (a-c) PZT in 3-3, 3-2 and 3-1 connectivity (upper and lower pictures show the surface and cross-section of the sample, respectively)[56]; (d) Linear and annular samples with a size bar of 5 mm; (e) Cross-section of LA-2 in (d)[57]; (f) Captured image of 12 LEDs driven by the capacitor charged by KNN/PDMS[59]; (g) Alizarin Red staining of BST/40% β-TCP composite, indicating the maximum mineral deposition with a good biomineralization activity[65]

图5 喷墨打印柱状阵列高度差异[71]

Fig. 5 Different heights of pillar arrays made by ink-jet printing[71] (a) Sample printed in 1000 layers; (b) Sample printed in 4000 layers

图6 熔融沉积成型的部分样品的宏观、微观形貌

Fig. 6 Macrostructures and microstructures of samples prepared by fused deposition modelling (a) 3-3 porous ladder sample[85]; (b) Wax mould[85]; (c) 1-3 pillar arrays made by lost mould process (mould in (b))[85]; (d) 2-2 linear sample[86]; (e) Left showing 2-2 annular ring and right showing 3-3 ladder structures[85]

表2 增材制造压电陶瓷功能性能

Table 2 Functional properties of piezoelectric ceramics made by AM

Material	AM techniques	Connectivities	ε_r	tanδ	Poling conditions	d₃₃/(pC·N^-1)	k_t	Ref.
BT	VP	1-3	1350	-	30 kV·cm^-1, 100 ℃ 30 min	160	0.474	[40]
BT	VP	1-3	920	0.07	2 V·μm^-1, 120 ℃ 30 min	87	0.3	[19]
PZT	VP	1-3	1040	0.020	30-40 kV·cm^-1, 70 ℃ 15 min, silicone oil	345	0.53	[45]
PZT	DIW	Concentric ring	1081	-	25 kV·cm^-1, room temperature 30 min	496	-	[57]
KNN	DIW	3-3	1775	-	2.5 kV·mm^-1, 100 ℃ 20 min, silicone oil	280	-	[58]
BT	DIW	Bulk	4730	0.033	0.66 MV·m^-1, 80 ℃ 15 h, silicon oil	200	-	[60]
BCZT	DIW	3-3	1046	0.021	3 kV·mm^-1, room temperature 30 min, silicon oil	(100±4)	-	[63]
Nb-PZT	IP	2-2	~700	~0.04	4 kV·mm^-1, 120 ℃ 40 min, silicon oil	-	0.46	[77]
PZT	FDM	3-3	700	-	25 kV, 70 ℃ 15-20 min, Corona technique	(290±10)	0.5	[85]
PZT	FDM	2-2	627	0.023	26 kV, 60 ℃ 15 min, Corona technique	(397±16)	0.68, 0.32(k_p)	[86]

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增材制造压电陶瓷研究进展

Recent Progress on Additive Manufacturing of Piezoelectric Ceramics

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