氧化物/氧化物陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1077.2014.13507

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氧化物/氧化物陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs )具有很多优良的性能, 如高比强度、高比模量、优异的抗氧化性能等, 可应用于航空发动机燃烧室和尾喷管等热端部件。本文概述了氧化物/氧化物CMCs的增强纤维和陶瓷基体, 指出单晶氧化物纤维和莫来石陶瓷基体应用潜力较大; 从改善纤维/基体界面结合程度的角度出发, 综述了从界面相和多孔基体角度提高力学性能的方案; 分析了限制其应用的三个关键问题(缺口敏感度、蠕变容忍度和耐烧蚀性能), 最后对其未来发展进行了展望。

关键词: 氧化物, 复合材料, 界面相, 多孔基体, 性能, 综述

Abstract:

Oxide/Oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) possess great potential in combustion environments of gas turbines, such as combustion chamber, scramjet nozzle and so on for their favorable performances (high strength and modulus, excellent oxidation resistive properties, etc.). In this paper, reinforced fibers and ceramic matrices for Oxide/Oxide CMCs are summarized, and it is pointed out that both single crystal oxide fibers and mullite ceramic matrix have great application potential. The improvement approaches of their mechanical properties, interphases and porous matrix, are reviewed based on the adjustment of the fiber/matrix bonding. The key problems, notch sensitivity, creep tolerance and ablation resistence, which limit their applications, are analyzed, and their future development is prospected.

Key words: oxide, composites, interphases, porous matrix, properties, review

中图分类号:

TB323

王义, 刘海韬, 程海峰, 王军. 氧化物/氧化物陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2014, 29(7): 673-680.

WANG Yi, LIU Hai-Tao, CHENG Hai-Feng, WANG Jun. Research Progress on Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2014, 29(7): 673-680.

图/表 10

图1 Muf/Mullite CMCs应用实例[5]

Fig. 1 Application examples for Muf/Mullite CMCs[5] Products with complex shape (a), and segmented combustor tiles for the use as thermal protection systems (b)

图2 浆料浸渍-缠绕工艺制备的异形氧化物/氧化物CMCs构件[9]

Fig. 2 Several Oxide/Oxide CMCs with complex shapes prepared by ceramic slurry infiltration and winding process[9] (a) Rotation-symmetric WHIPOX component (protection tube); (b) Winding pattern with variable fiber orientation (computer simulation); (c) Combination of continuous fiber layers and grid-type structures as a result of special winding sequence

图3 氧化物/氧化物CMCs应用实例[9-10]

Fig. 3 Application examples for Oxide/Oxide CMCs[9-10] (a) Combustor inner and outer liners fabricated by ATK-COI ceramics; (b) A lightweight helicopter exhaust duct; (c) Nose cap of DLR’s SHEFEX space vehicle

图4 氧化物/氧化物CMCs的界面相类型以及裂纹扩展模式[2, 35-36]

Fig. 4 Interphase types and crack extending modes of Oxide/Oxide CMCs[2, 35-36] M: Matrix; I: Interphase; F: Fiber

图5 含界面相氧化物/氧化物CMCs的微观结构[37-40]

Fig. 5 Microstructures of Oxide/Oxide CMCs with interp-hases [37-40] M: Matrix; F: Fiber

表1 界面相在氧化物/氧化物CMCs中的应用概况

Table 1 Applications of interphases in Oxide/Oxide CMCs

Samples	Interphases		Mechanical properties/MPa	Reference
Samples	Composition	Fabrication	Mechanical properties/MPa	Reference
2D-N480/M*	None BN	None CVD	104 (FS, RT); 322 (FS, RT)	[48]
2D-N550/M	BN/SiC	CVD	182 (FS, RT)	[51]
2D-N720/M	NdPO₄	EPD	279 (FS, RT); 266 (FS, 1300 ℃); 142 (TS, RT)	[52]
2D-N720/M	Porous AlPO₄	EPD	175 (FS, RT); 160 (FS, 1300 ℃-100 h)	[40]
2D-N720/CAS	None fugitive carbon	None CVD	21 (FS, RT); 85 (FS, RT)	[53]

图6 多孔氧化物CMCs的制备过程以及裂纹扩展示意图[36]

Fig. 6 Schematic diagrams for the preparation and crack extending of porous oxide CMCs[36] M: Matrix; F: Fiber

图7 纤维涂层装置(a )和不互溶的液体溶液(b)[9]

Fig. 7 Fiber coating apparatus (a) and immiscible liquid solution (b)[9]

图8 多孔氧化物CMCs的扫描电镜照片[8]

Fig. 8 SEM images of porous oxide CMCs[8]

Table 2 Mechanical properties of porous oxide CMCs

Samples	Fabrication	Mechanical properties/MPa		Reference
Samples	Fabrication	Original	After heat-treatment	Reference
2D-N720/(M+A+PDA)*	SI-HP+PIP	177(FS)	189(FS )(1200 ℃-100 h)	[6]
2D-N720/(M+A+PDA)	SI-HP+PIP	148(TS)	145(TS )(1200 ℃-1000 h)	[58-59]
2D-N720/(A+S)	SI-HP+PIP	175(TS)	50(TS )(1200 ℃-1000 h)	[59]
2D-N720/(M+PDA)	CR	200(TS)	220(TS )(1200 ℃-1000 h)	[60]
2D-N720/AS	Sol-Gel	204(FS)	180(FS )(1000 ℃-100 h)	[61]
1D-N720/M	SI-W	165(FS)	148(FS )(1250 ℃-400 h)	[7]

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