不同掺杂浓度的Gd2O2S:Tb闪烁陶瓷的制备、微观结构与光学性能

doi:10.15541/jim20250415

无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 1330-1338.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250415

不同掺杂浓度的Gd₂O₂S:Tb闪烁陶瓷的制备、微观结构与光学性能

黄东¹(), 吴俊林¹^,², 胡辰¹^,²(), 王雁斌¹^,², 陈宇洋¹^,², 李廷松¹^,², 杨文钦³^,⁴, 蒋兴奋³^,⁴, 周健荣³^,⁴, 孙志嘉³^,⁴, 李江¹^,²()

¹ 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所, 关键陶瓷材料全国重点实验室, 上海 201899
² 中国科学院大学材料科学与光电工程中心, 北京 100049
³ 散裂中子源科学中心, 东莞 523803
⁴ 中国科学院高能物理研究所, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2025-10-22 修回日期:2026-01-28 出版日期:2026-09-20 网络出版日期:2026-04-03
通讯作者: 胡辰, 副研究员. E-mail: huchen@mail.sic.ac.cn;
李江, 研究员. E-mail: lijiang@mail.sic.ac.cn
作者简介:黄东(1994-), 男, 硕士. E-mail: huangdong@mail.sic.ac.cn

Fabrication, Microstructure and Optical Properties of Gd₂O₂S:Tb Scintillation Ceramics with Different Doping Concentrations

HUANG Dong¹(), WU Junlin¹^,², HU Chen¹^,²(), WANG Yanbin¹^,², CHEN Yuyang¹^,², LI Tingsong¹^,², YANG Wenqin³^,⁴, JIANG Xingfen³^,⁴, ZHOU Jianrong³^,⁴, SUN Zhijia³^,⁴, LI Jiang¹^,²()

¹ State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
² Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
⁴ Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2025-10-22 Revised:2026-01-28 Published:2026-09-20 Online:2026-04-03
Contact: HU Chen, associate professor. E-mail:huchen@mail.sic.ac.cn;LI Jiang, professor. E-mail:lijiang@mail.sic.ac.cn
About author:HUANG Dong (1994-), male, Master. E-mail: huangdong@mail.sic.ac.cn
Supported by:
Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0605900);National Natural Science Foundation of China(12175254);Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Particle Detection Technology(2024B1212010005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本工作通过水浴法合成Gd₂O₂S:Tb粉体, 并采用真空预烧结合热等静压烧结后处理工艺, 制备了不同掺杂浓度的Gd₂O₂S:Tb闪烁陶瓷, 研究了掺杂浓度对Gd₂O₂S:Tb陶瓷微观结构和光学性能的影响。结果表明, 随着掺杂浓度的增加, Gd₂O₂S:Tb陶瓷的晶格参数减小。不同掺杂浓度的Gd₂O₂S:Tb陶瓷的总光学透过率变化不大, 这主要是由于第二相的影响。随着掺杂浓度的增加, Tb³⁺之间的非辐射弛豫导致光致发光(Photoluminescence, PL)衰减时间从617 μs缩短至576 μs。Gd₂O₂S:Tb陶瓷的PL和X射线激发发射(X-ray excited luminescence, XEL)光谱表现出较强的浓度猝灭现象。掺杂浓度为3.5%(原子百分数)时, Gd₂O₂S:Tb陶瓷具有最高的稳态XEL强度, 光输出为37500 ph/MeV。不同掺杂浓度的Gd₂O₂S:Tb陶瓷在50 ms后的余辉变化较小(0.1%~0.3%)。

关键词: 水浴法, Gd₂O₂S:Tb陶瓷, 掺杂浓度, 闪烁性能

Abstract:

The Gd₂O₂S:Tb scintillation ceramics with different doping concentrations were prepared using the powders synthesized by the water-bath method, through vacuum pre-sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing post-treatment. The influence of doping concentration on the microstructure and optical properties of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics was investigated. The lattice parameter of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics decreases with the increase in doping concentrations. The total optical transmittance of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations does not vary much due to the secondary phase. With the increase in doping concentration, the photoluminescence (PL) decay time decreases from 617 μs to 576 μs, which is caused by the non-radiative relaxation among Tb³⁺ ions. The PL and X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics exhibit the high concentration quenching phenomenon. The 3.5% (in atomic) Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics have the highest steady-state XEL intensity with a light output of 37500 ph/MeV. The afterglow of Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramics with different concentrations varies little in the range of 0.1%-0.3% at 50 ms.

Key words: water-bath method, Gd₂O₂S:Tb ceramic, doping concentration, scintillation property

中图分类号:

TQ174

黄东, 吴俊林, 胡辰, 王雁斌, 陈宇洋, 李廷松, 杨文钦, 蒋兴奋, 周健荣, 孙志嘉, 李江. 不同掺杂浓度的Gd₂O₂S:Tb闪烁陶瓷的制备、微观结构与光学性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(9): 1330-1338.

HUANG Dong, WU Junlin, HU Chen, WANG Yanbin, CHEN Yuyang, LI Tingsong, YANG Wenqin, JIANG Xingfen, ZHOU Jianrong, SUN Zhijia, LI Jiang. Fabrication, Microstructure and Optical Properties of Gd₂O₂S:Tb Scintillation Ceramics with Different Doping Concentrations[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(9): 1330-1338.

图/表 13

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of Gd2O2S:Tb powders with different doping concentrations (in atomic)

Table 1 Lattice parameters of Gd2O2S:Tb powders with different doping concentrations

Composition	Lattice parameter/nm
Composition	a	b	c
(Gd_0.995Tb_0.005)₂O₂S	0.38523	0.38523	0.66672
(Gd_0.99Tb_0.010)₂O₂S	0.38522	0.38522	0.66658
(Gd_0.98Tb_0.020)₂O₂S	0.38517	0.38517	0.66642
(Gd_0.975Tb_0.025)₂O₂S	0.38506	0.38506	0.66641
(Gd_0.97Tb_0.030)₂O₂S	0.38502	0.38502	0.66637
(Gd_0.965Tb_0.035)₂O₂S	0.38500	0.38500	0.66624
(Gd_0.96Tb_0.040)₂O₂S	0.38498	0.38498	0.66623
(Gd_0.95Tb_0.050)₂O₂S	0.38496	0.38496	0.66612

Fig. 2 FESEM images of Gd2O2S:Tb powders with different doping concentrations (in atomic) (a) 0.5%; (b) 2.0%; (c) 3.5%; (d) 5.0%

Fig. 3 XRD patterns of Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations (in atomic)

Table 2 Lattice parameters of Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations

Composition	Lattice parameter/nm
Composition	a	b	c
(Gd_0.995Tb_0.005)₂O₂S	0.38510	0.38510	0.66620
(Gd_0.99Tb_0.010)₂O₂S	0.38491	0.38491	0.66589
(Gd_0.98Tb_0.020)₂O₂S	0.38453	0.38453	0.66582
(Gd_0.975Tb_0.025)₂O₂S	0.38444	0.38444	0.66578
(Gd_0.97Tb_0.030)₂O₂S	0.38447	0.38447	0.66565
(Gd_0.965Tb_0.035)₂O₂S	0.38443	0.38443	0.66561
(Gd_0.96Tb_0.040)₂O₂S	0.38442	0.38442	0.66551
(Gd_0.95Tb_0.05)₂O₂S	0.38441	0.38441	0.66550

Fig. 4 FESEM images of fracture surfaces of the Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations (in atomic) (a) 0.5%; (b) 2.0%; (c) 3.0%; (d) 3.5%; (e) 4.0%

Fig. 5 Total optical transmittance curves of Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics (1 mm in thickness) with different doping concentrations (in atomic) Colorful figure is available on website

Fig. 6 (a) FESEM image and (b, c) EDS elemental analysis results of the 0.5% (in atomic) Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics

Fig. 7 PL and PLE spectra of Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations (in atomic) Colorful figure is available on website

Fig. 8 PL decay curves and their fitted curves of Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations (in atomic) (a) 0.5%; (b) 2.0%; (c) 3.0%; (d) 3.5%; (e) 4.0%. λex=315 nm, λem=545 nm

Fig. 9 (a) XEL spectra and (b) normalized integral XEL intensity curve in the range of 350-800 nm of Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations (in atomic) Colorful figures are available on website

Table 3 Relative light output of Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations

Doping concentration/% (in atomic)	1.0	2.0	3.0	3.5	4.0
Neutron light output/(ph·n^-1)	197	201	218	205	201

Fig. 10 Normalized afterglow curves of Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics with different doping concentrations (in atomic) Colorful figure is available on website

参考文献 44

[1]	VAN EIJK C W E.Inorganic scintillators in medical imaging. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2002, 47(8): 85.
[2]	ZHU D Y, CHEN X P, CAI J J, et al. Fast Ce,Ca:LuAG scintillation ceramics for HEP: fabrication, characterization, and computation. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2023, 106(11): 6787.
[3]	YANAGIDA T. Inorganic scintillating materials and scintillation detectors. Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B-Physical and Biological Sciences, 2018, 94(2): 75.
[4]	ZHENG Z Q, WEI Q H, TONG Y F, et al. Effect of Zr⁴⁺ co-doping on neutron/gamma discrimination of Cs₂LaLiBr₆:Ce crystals. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(5): 539.
[5]	ZHU D Y, NIKL M, CHEWPRADITKUL W, et al. Development and prospects of garnet ceramic scintillators: a review. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2022, 11: 1825. DOI
[6]	NIKL M, LAGUTA V V, VEDDA A. Complex oxide scintillators: material defects and scintillation performance. Physica Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Physics, 2008, 245(9): 1701.
[7]	LIAN J B. Study on electronic structure and optical properties of Gd₂O₂S using first-principles method. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2011, 30(5): 1029.
[8]	WANG W, LI Y S, KOU H M, et al. Gd₂O₂S:Pr scintillation ceramics from powder synthesized by a novel carbothermal reduction method. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2015, 98(7): 2159.
[9]	WANG W, KOU H M, LIU S P, et al. Optical and scintillation properties of Gd₂O₂S:Pr,Ce,F ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Ceramics International, 2015, 41(2): 2576.
[10]	SOBON L E, WICKERSHEIM K A, BUCHANAN R A, et al. Growth and properties of lanthanum oxysulfide crystals. Journal of Applied Physics, 1971, 42(8): 3049.
[11]	GOROKHOVA E I, DEMIDENKO V A, MIKHRIN S B, et al. Luminescence and scintillation properties of Gd₂O₂S:Tb,Ce ceramics. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2005, 52(6): 3129.
[12]	GOROKHOVA E I, RODNYI P A, ANAN’EVA G V, et al. Scintillation optical ceramics based on Gd₂O₂S doped with Pr, Tb, or Eu. Journal of Optical Technology, 2012, 79(1): 41.
[13]	WANG X J, MENG Q H, LI M T, et al. A low temperature approach for photo/cathodoluminescent Gd₂O₂S:Tb (GOS:Tb) nanophosphors. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2018, 102(6): 3296.
[14]	USTABAEV P S, BAKHMETYEV V V. Synthesis and properties study of the X-ray phosphors Gd₂O₂S:Tb. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, 1560(1): 012022.
[15]	WANG J K, WANG C E, SUN X L, et al. Influence of Li doping concentration on the optical and scintillation properties of NaI:Tl,Li crystals. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2023, 52(9): 1582.
[16]	NAGARKAR V V, BRECHER C, OVECHKINA E E, et al. Scintillation properties of CsI:Tl crystals codoped with Sm²⁺. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2008, 55(3): 1270.
[17]	WANG X L, YANG L, HOU Y Y. Research progress of rare earth halide scintillation crystals for neutron/gamma dual detection. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2023, 52(4): 671.
[18]	HUANG X Y, DING J Y, LIU X, et al. Fabrication of Gd₂O₂S:Tb scintillation ceramics from the uniformly doped nanopowder. Optical Materials, 2021, 117: 111192. DOI URL
[19]	LI J, DING J Y, HUANG X Y. Rare earth doped Gd₂O₂S scintillation ceramics. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(8): 789.
[20]	ZHU D Y, WU L X, BEITLEROVA A, et al. Compositional regulation of multi-component GYGAG:Ce scintillation ceramics: self-sintering-aid effect and afterglow suppression. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(10): 1919.
[21]	HAN W W, HU C, ZHOU Z Z, et al. Fabrication of Sm:LuAG transparent ceramics with different doping concentrations for cladding from co-precipitated nano-powders. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2025, 14(8): 9221129.
[22]	LI X, HU C, LIU Q, et al. Fluoride transparent ceramics for solid-state lasers: a review. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2024, 13(12): 1891.
[23]	WANG Y Z, JING W, LI W, et al. Preparation of (Tb_0.94-_xLu_0.06Ho_x)₂O₃ transparent ceramics with high Verdet constants for magneto-optical applications. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2025, 14(3): 1.
[24]	DING Y J, HAN P D, WANG L X, et al. Preparation, morphology and luminescence properties of Gd₂O₂S:Tb with different Gd₂O₃ raw materials. Rare Metals, 2019, 38(3): 221.
[25]	HE C, XIA Z G, LIU Q L. Microwave solid state synthesis and luminescence properties of green-emitting Gd₂O₂S:Tb³⁺ phosphor. Optical Materials, 2015, 42: 11. DOI URL
[26]	WANG X J, WANG X J, WANG Z H, et al. Photo/cathodoluminescence and stability of Gd₂O₂S:Tb,Pr green phosphor hexagons calcined from layered hydroxide sulfate. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018, 101(12): 5477.
[27]	ZHANG X, ZHANG Y C, WANG H R, et al. The application of hydrothermal and solvothermal methods in preparing materials. Advanced Ceramics, 2024, 45(3): 247.
[28]	GOROKHOVA E I, DEMIDENKO V A, ERON’KO S B, et al. Spectrokinetic characteristics of the emission of Gd₂O₂S-Tb(Ce) ceramics. Journal of Optical Technology, 2005, 72(1): 53.
[29]	LIU W B, LAI Z B, WU W Q, et al. Application progress of hot isostatic pressing technology in tansparent ceramics. Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 44(2): 118.
[30]	HUANG D, LIU Q, ZHU D Y, et al. Influence of powders calcination temperatures under hydrogen on the microstructures and properties of Gd₂O₂S:Pr,Ce scintillation ceramics. Ceramics International, 2024, 51: 16492. DOI URL
[31]	SONG Z Q, LI F, FENG S H, et al. Nanopowder synthesis enabling 1350 ℃ full densification of (Gd,La)₂O₂S:Pr³⁺ luminescent ceramics via pressureless sintering and the effect of La³⁺ doping. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2024, 44: 7350. DOI URL
[32]	WU J L, DING J Y, HUANG X Y, et al. Fabrication and microstructure of Gd₂O₂S:Tb scintillation ceramics from water- bath synthesized nano-powders: Influence of H₂SO₄/Gd₂O₃ molar ratio. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2023, 38(4): 452.
[33]	ZHOU Y, LI F, WANG X J, et al. Facile synthesis of Gd₂O₂SO₄:Tb and Gd₂O₂S:Tb green phosphor nanopowders of unimodal size distribution and photoluminescence. Advanced Powder Technology, 2021, 32: 1911. DOI URL
[34]	LIU Z G, SUN X D, XU S K, et al. Tb³⁺- and Eu³⁺-doped lanthanum oxysulfide nanocrystals. gelatin-templated synthesis and luminescence properties. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112: 2353. DOI URL
[35]	SONG Y H, YOU H P, HUANG Y J, et al. Highly uniform and monodisperse Gd₂O₂S:Ln³⁺ (Ln=Eu, Tb) submicrospheres: solvothermal synthesis and luminescence properties. Inorganic Chemistry, 2010, 49: 11499. DOI URL
[36]	HERNANDEZ-ADAME L, PALESTINO G, MEZA O, et al. Effect of Tb³⁺ concentration in the visible emission of terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide microspheres. Solid State Sciences, 2018, 84: 8. DOI URL
[37]	MARES J A, NIKL M, NITSCH K, et al. A role of Gd³⁺ in scintillating processes in Tb-doped Na-Gd phosphate glasses. Journal of Luminescence, 2001, 94/95: 321. DOI URL
[38]	SUN X Y, YU X G, WANG W F, et al. Luminescent properties of Tb³⁺-activated B₂O₃-GeO₂-Gd₂O₃ scintillating glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2013, 379: 127. DOI URL
[39]	SONG L X, DU P F, JIANG Q X, et al. Synthesis and luminescence of high-brightness Gd₂O₂SO₄:Tb³⁺ nanopieces and the enhanced luminescence by alkali metal ions co-doping. Journal of Luminescence, 2014, 150: 50. DOI URL
[40]	WU M C, YU M D, CHENG X, et al. Energy transfer study on dense and transparent Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺-coactivated TeO₂-Gd₂O₃-WO₃- ZnO glass scintillators. Journal of Rare Earths, 2025, 43: 1364. DOI URL
[41]	JIA H, WANG Y Y, LONG Y, et al. Fabrication of Tb/Eu co-doped borosilicate glasses for white-light LED and broadband photodetection. Journal of Rare Earths, 2025, 43: 1355. DOI URL
[42]	YANG L, XIANG Y F, LIAO C Y, et al. Thermometric properties of Na₂Y₂TeB₂O₁₀:Tb³⁺ green phosphor based on fluorescence/ excitation intensity ratio. Journal of Advanced Ceramics, 2023, 12(4): 848.
[43]	DAI Q L, SONG H W, WANG M Y, et al. Size and concentration effects on the photoluminescence of La₂O₂S:Eu³⁺ nanocrystals. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112: 19399. DOI URL
[44]	HUANG D, LIU Q, WU J L, et al. Microstructure and properties of Gd₂O₂S:Pr,Ce scintillation ceramics from powders synthesized at different precursor calcination temperatures. Optical Materials, 2025, 162: 116840. DOI URL

不同掺杂浓度的Gd₂O₂S:Tb闪烁陶瓷的制备、微观结构与光学性能

Fabrication, Microstructure and Optical Properties of Gd₂O₂S:Tb Scintillation Ceramics with Different Doping Concentrations

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 44

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	李廷松, 王文丽, 刘强, 王雁斌, 周真真, 胡辰, 李江. Cr³⁺掺杂浓度对YAGG:Ce³⁺,Cr³⁺发光陶瓷余辉性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(9): 1037-1044.
[2]	吴俊林, 丁继扬, 黄新友, 朱丹阳, 黄东, 代正发, 杨文钦, 蒋兴奋, 周健荣, 孙志嘉, 李江. Gd₂O₂S:Tb闪烁陶瓷的制备与结构: 水浴合成中H₂SO₄/Gd₂O₃摩尔比的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2023, 38(4): 452-460.
[3]	朱丹阳, 钱康, 陈肖朴, 胡泽望, 刘欣, 李晓英, 潘裕柏, MIHÓKOVÁ Eva, NIKL Martin, 李江. 热等静压烧结制备细晶粒Ce,Y:SrHfO₃闪烁陶瓷[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(10): 1118-1124.
[4]	胡泽望,陈肖朴,刘欣,李晓英,石云,寇华敏,谢腾飞,李江. 微量SiO₂添加对Pr:Lu₃Al₅O₁₂陶瓷光学及闪烁性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2020, 35(7): 796-802.
[5]	冯鹤, 徐悟生, 张志军, 徐展, 肖丰, 赵景泰. (Gd_1-_xY_x)₂Si₂O₇: Ce混晶闪烁体的制备及性能研[J]. 无机材料学报, 2017, 32(9): 931-935.
[6]	叶乐,史坚, 李焕英, 陈晓峰, 黄跃峰, 徐家跃, 任国浩. GdI₃:Ce晶体的生长及其闪烁性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2017, 32(4): 346-350.
[7]	王晴晴, 史坚, 李焕英, 陈晓峰, 潘尚可, 卞建江, 任国浩. Cs₂LiYCl₆:Ce闪烁晶体的光学及闪烁性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2017, 32(2): 175-179.
[8]	安丽琼, 章健, 范润华, GOTO Takashi, 王士维. Nd³⁺:Lu₂O₃放电等离子烧结及光学性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2017, 32(12): 1315-1320.
[9]	徐家跃, 王杰, 陈炜, 肖学峰, 杨波波, 王占勇, 李飞, 谢会东. 大尺寸硅酸铋晶体的原料合成、晶体生长及闪烁性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2016, 31(10): 1147-1150.
[10]	陈艳平, 罗德礼, 徐钦英, 杨锁龙, 唐涛, 王小英. Ce³⁺掺杂Li₂O-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂玻璃的结构与荧光猝灭现象[J]. 无机材料学报, 2014, 29(9): 967-971.
[11]	沈毅强, 石云, 潘裕柏, 冯锡淇, 吴乐翔, 寇华敏, 章志明, 魏龙. 高光输出快衰减Pr: Lu₃Al₅O₁₂闪烁陶瓷的制备和成像[J]. 无机材料学报, 2014, 29(5): 534-538.
[12]	冯鹤, 任国浩, 丁栋舟, 李焕英, 徐军, 杨秋红, 徐家跃. 浮区法生长Lu₂Si₂O₇:Ce晶体的缺陷、光学和闪烁性能研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2013, 28(8): 891-895.
[13]	冯鹤, 丁栋舟, 李焕英, 杨帆, 陆晟, 潘尚可, 陈晓峰, 张卫东, 任国浩. 新型闪烁晶体Ce掺杂焦硅酸钇(YPS:Ce)的闪烁与热释光性能[J]. 无机材料学报, 2010, 25(8): 801-805.
[14]	冯锡淇. YAG和LuAG晶体中的反位缺陷[J]. 无机材料学报, 2010, 25(8): 785-794.
[15]	程峰,钟玉荣2,王宝义,王天民3,魏龙. 退火温度对CsI(Tl)薄膜微观结构和闪烁性能的影响[J]. 无机材料学报, 2008, 23(4): 749-752.