氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料力学性能失效研究

doi:10.15541/jim20250258

无机材料学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 331-339.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250258 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20250258

氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料力学性能失效研究

郑晨¹(), 王湘宁², 苑贺楠¹, 杨嘉伟¹, 李传建³(), 王华栋¹()

1.航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所, 北京 100074
2.某部驻北京地区某代表室, 北京 100074
3.北京化工大学数理学院, 北京 100029

收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2025-08-04 出版日期:2025-09-11 网络出版日期:2025-09-11
通讯作者: 王华栋, 高级工程师. E-mail: wanghuadonglq@126.com;
李传建, 工程师. E-mail: 18350708649@163.com
作者简介:郑晨(1992-), 男, 高级工程师. E-mail: zhengchen2603@163.com

Mechanical Property Failure of Alumina Fiber Reinforced Silica Composite

ZHENG Chen¹(), WANG Xiangning², YUAN Henan¹, YANG Jiawei¹, LI Chuanjian³(), WANG Huadong¹()

1. Aerospace Research Institute of Special Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100074, China
2. A Certain Representative Office in Beijing of a Certain Department, Beijing 100074, China
3. College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-08-04 Published:2025-09-11 Online:2025-09-11
Contact: WANG Huadong, senior engineer. E-mail: wanghuadonglq@126.com;
LI Chuanjian, engineer. E-mail: 18350708649@163.com
About author:ZHENG Chen (1992-), male, senior engineer. E-mail:zhengchen2603@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

连续氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅陶瓷基复合材料具有优异的高温抗氧化性、高强度、高韧性等特性, 作为一种军民两用材料, 广泛应用于航空、航天、能源等领域。但国内相关研究尚处于起步阶段, 对其力学性能失效机制认识不足。本研究综合溶胶-凝胶法和浆料浸渍法的工艺特点, 采用改进的液相浸渍法, 成功制备了孔隙率可调控的连续氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料。通过多种技术手段全面表征了典型复合材料的微观形貌和成分组成, 并测试分析了不同致密程度复合材料的力学性能。结合计算机断层扫描(CT)测试获得的复合材料孔隙率, 通过模拟仿真计算, 建立了连续氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料力学性能失效与孔隙率及孔隙尺寸的关系模型。研究结果表明, 采用改进的液相浸渍法制备的复合材料因孔隙缺陷和弱界面结合的影响, 其力学性能显著提升。同时, 随着复合材料孔隙率由2.2%增大到15.2%, 其拉伸强度由24.5 MPa降低至17.8 MPa。进一步建模仿真分析显示, 当孔隙缺陷半径为250 μm时, 孔隙率由4.5%增大至13.5%, 拉伸强度从27.2 MPa降低至20.6 MPa, 这验证了仿真模型的合理性, 揭示了拉伸强度的n次方与孔隙率呈负线性关系, 拉伸强度指数因子n与缺陷半径r呈负线性关系。本研究为连续氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料的性能优化和实际应用提供了研究基础。

关键词: 氧化铝纤维, 二氧化硅复合材料, 力学性能, 孔隙率, 孔隙缺陷尺寸, 性能失效

Abstract:

Continuous alumina fiber-reinforced silica ceramic matrix composites exhibit excellent properties, such as high-temperature oxidation resistance, high strength and high toughness. As a dual-use material for both military and civilian applications, they hold broad prospects in numerous fields, including aviation, aerospace and energy. However, domestic research currently still remains on its initial stage and is characterized by a primarily qualitative understanding of their mechanical property failure mechanisms. In this study, an improved liquid-phase impregnation method, which integrated the process characteristics of the Sol-Gel method and slurry impregnation method, was adopted to prepare continuous alumina fiber-reinforced silica composites with tunable porosity. Microstructure and composition of the typical composite were comprehensively characterized using different techniques. Mechanical properties of these composites with different densification degrees were tested and analyzed. By integrating porosity data obtained from computed tomography (CT) test with simulation calculation, a relationship model linking mechanical property failure of the composites to porosity and pore size parameters was established. The results indicated that composites prepared via the improved liquid-phase impregnation method had significantly enhanced mechanical properties due to the presence of pore defects and weak interfacial bonding. Notably, as the composite porosity increased from 2.2% to 15.2%, the tensile strength decreased from 24.5 MPa to 17.8 MPa. Further modeling and simulation analysis revealed that, at a pore defect radius of 250 μm, an increase in porosity from 4.5% to 13.5% led to a corresponding reduction in tensile strength from 27.2 MPa to 20.6 MPa, thereby validating rationality of the simulation model. The law that the n-th power of tensile strength shows a negative linear correlation with porosity, and the tensile strength exponent factor n is negatively linearly correlated with the pore defect radius r. These findings provide a research basis for the performance optimization and practical application of continuous alumina fiber-reinforced silica composites.

Key words: alumina fiber, silica composite, mechanical property, porosity, pore defect size, failure

中图分类号:

TB332

郑晨, 王湘宁, 苑贺楠, 杨嘉伟, 李传建, 王华栋. 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料力学性能失效研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2026, 41(3): 331-339.

ZHENG Chen, WANG Xiangning, YUAN Henan, YANG Jiawei, LI Chuanjian, WANG Huadong. Mechanical Property Failure of Alumina Fiber Reinforced Silica Composite[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2026, 41(3): 331-339.

图/表 11

图1 干燥制度流程图

Fig. 1 Flow diagram of the drying process

图2 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料样品的SEM照片(a~c)和EDS面扫描分析(d~g)

Fig. 2 SEM images (a-c) and EDS mappings (d-g) of alumina fiber reinforced silica composite

图3 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料样品和石英纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料的XRD图谱

Fig. 3 XRD patterns of alumina fiber reinforced silica composite and quartz fiber reinforced silica composite

图4 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料样品的XPS图谱

Fig. 4 XPS spectra of alumina fiber reinforced silica composite (a) Total; (b) C1s; (c) O1s; (d) Si2p; (e) Al2p

表1 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料样品的基本热学性能

Table 1 Basic thermal properties of alumina fiber reinforced silica composite

Parameter	Value
Thermal conductivity/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.644 (300 ℃)
Average linear expansion coefficient/K^-1	5.26×10^-6 (RT-800 ℃)

图5 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料样品的力学性能测试结果

Fig. 5 Mechanical property test results of alumina fiber reinforced silica composite (a) Tensile stress-strain curves; (b) Compressive stress-strain curves; (c) Bending stress-strain curves Colorful figures are available on website

表2 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料样品的力学性能

Table 2 Mechanical properties of alumina fiber reinforced silica composite

Sample	1	2	3	4	5
Tensile strength/MPa	17.8	19.4	21.8	22.2	24.5
Compressive strength/MPa	51.0	58.0	55.9	71.5	79.8
Bending strength/MPa	81.2	90.6	93.5	111.9	101.6

图6 拉伸断裂试样(a)不同角度的重构立体图像、(b)内部切片图像和(c)截面缺陷/孔隙率定量分析统计结果图

Fig. 6 (a) Reconstructed stereogram from different angles, (b) inner slice image and (c) quantitative statistical results of cross-sectional defect/porosity analysis of tensile fracture sample

表3 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料拉伸试样对应的拉伸强度及孔隙率

Table 3 Tensile strengths and porosities of tensile samples of alumina fiber reinforced silica composite

Sample	1	2	3	4	5
Tensile strength/MPa	17.8	19.4	21.8	22.2	24.5
Porosity/%	15.2	10.4	8.9	3.7	2.2

图7 (a)复合材料模型拉伸断裂时的体位移(应变)图; (b)不同孔隙缺陷半径的复合材料模型的不同拉伸强度对应的临界孔隙率

Fig. 7 (a) Position shift (strain) of the composite model during tensile fracture; (b) Critical porosities corresponding to different tensile strengths of composite materials with different pore defect radii

图8 (a)不同孔隙缺陷半径下的拉伸强度与孔隙率的关系拟合曲线; (b)指数因子n与孔隙缺陷半径r的关系拟合直线

Fig. 8 (a) Relationship between tensile strength and porosity under different pore defect radii; (b) Relationship between exponential factor n and pore defect radius r

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氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料力学性能失效研究

Mechanical Property Failure of Alumina Fiber Reinforced Silica Composite

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