氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料力学性能失效研究

doi:10.15541/jim20250258

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 连续氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅陶瓷基复合材料具有优异的高温抗氧化性、高强度、高韧性等特性,作为一种军民两用材料,广泛应用于航空、航天、能源等领域。但国内相关研究尚处于起步阶段,对其力学性能失效机制认识不足。本研究综合溶胶-凝胶法和浆料浸渍法的工艺特点,采用改进的液相浸渍法,成功制备了孔隙率可调控的连续氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料。通过多种技术手段全面表征了典型复合材料的微观形貌和成分组成,并测试分析了不同致密程度复合材料的力学性能。结合CT测试获得的复合材料孔隙率,并通过模拟仿真计算,建立了连续氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料力学性能失效与孔隙率及孔隙尺寸的关系模型。研究结果表明,采用改进的液相浸渍法制备的复合材料因孔隙缺陷和弱界面结合的影响,其力学性能显著提升。同时,随着复合材料孔隙率由2.2%增加到15.2%,其拉伸强度由24.5 MPa降到17.8 MPa。进一步建模仿真分析显示,当孔隙缺陷半径为250 μm时,孔隙率由4.5%增大至13.5%,拉伸强度从27.2 MPa降低至20.6 MPa,这验证了仿真模型的合理性,揭示了拉伸强度的n次方与孔隙率呈负线性关系,拉伸强度指数因子与缺陷半径负线性相关的规律,为连续氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料的性能优化和实际应用提供了研究基础。

关键词: 氧化铝纤维, 二氧化硅复合材料, 力学性能, 孔隙率, 孔隙缺陷尺寸, 性能失效

Abstract: Continuous alumina fiber-reinforced silica ceramic matrix composites exhibit excellent properties, such as high-temperature oxidation resistance, high strength, and high toughness. As a dual-use material for both military and civilian applications, they hold broad prospects in numerous fields, including aviation, aerospace, and energy. However, domestic research remains in its initial stage, characterized by a primarily qualitative understanding of their mechanical property failure mechanisms. In this study, an improved liquid-phase impregnation method, which integrates the process characteristics of the sol-gel method and slurry impregnation method, was adopted to prepare continuous alumina fiber-reinforced silica composites with tunable porosity. The microstructure and composition of typical composites were comprehensively characterized using different techniques. The mechanical properties of composites with different densification degrees were tested and analyzed. By integrating porosity data obtained from CT testing with simulation calculation, a relationship model linking mechanical property failure of composites to porosity and pore size was established. The results indicated that composites prepared via the improved liquid-phase impregnation method had significantly enhanced mechanical properties due to the presence of pore defects and weak interfacial bonding. Notably, as the composite porosity increased from 2.2% to 15.2%, the tensile strength decreased from 24.5 MPa to 17.8 MPa. Further modeling and simulation analysis revealed that, at a pore defect radius of 250 μm, an increase in porosity from 4.5% to 13.5% led to a corresponding reduction in tensile strength from 27.2 MPa to 20.6 MPa, thereby validating the rationality of the simulation model. The laws that the n-th power of tensile strength shows a negative linear correlation with porosity, and the tensile strength exponent factor is negatively linearly correlated with the pore defect radius size. These findings provide a research basis for the performance optimization and practical application of continuous alumina fiber-reinforced silica composites.

Key words: alumina fiber, silica composite, mechanical property, porosity, pore defect size, failure

中图分类号:

TB332

郑晨, 王湘宁, 苑贺楠, 杨嘉伟, 李传建, 王华栋. 氧化铝纤维增强二氧化硅复合材料力学性能失效研究[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250258.

ZHENG Chen, WANG Xiangning, YUAN Henan, YANG Jiawei, LI Chuanjian, WANG Huadong. Study on Mechanical Property Failure of Alumina Fiber Reinforced Silica Composite[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20250258.

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