SiO2纤维气凝胶的压缩回弹机理

doi:10.15541/jim20250038

无机材料学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 981-988.DOI: 10.15541/jim20250038

SiO₂纤维气凝胶的压缩回弹机理

李福平¹^,²(), 褚家宝¹^,², 仇海波¹^,², 党薇¹^,²(), 李晨曦¹^,², 赵康¹^,², 汤玉斐¹^,²

1.西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 西安 710048
2.西安理工大学陕西省腐蚀与防护重点实验室, 西安 710048

收稿日期:2025-01-25 修回日期:2025-03-18 出版日期:2025-09-20 网络出版日期:2025-03-25
通讯作者: 党薇, 讲师. E-mail: wdang@xaut.edu.cn
作者简介:李福平(1985-), 男, 副教授. E-mail: lifp@xaut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(53404411);国家自然科学基金(52172074);国家自然科学基金(51904242);陕西省教育厅专项计划(23JC056)

Compressive Resilience Mechanism of SiO₂ Nanofibre Aerogels

LI Fuping¹^,²(), CHU Jiabao¹^,², QIU Haibo¹^,², DANG Wei¹^,²(), LI Chenxi¹^,², ZHAO Kang¹^,², TANG Yufei¹^,²

1. College of Materials Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
2. Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Corrosion and Protection, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China

Received:2025-01-25 Revised:2025-03-18 Published:2025-09-20 Online:2025-03-25
Contact: DANG Wei, lecturer. E-mail:wdang@xaut.edu.cn
About author:LI Fuping (1985-), male, associate professor. E-mail: lifp@xaut.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(53404411);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172074);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51904242);Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(23JC056)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

SiO₂气凝胶具有低密度、极低热导率和良好的化学稳定性等特点, 在航空航天、建筑节能和能源化工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而, 传统SiO₂气凝胶相邻颗粒间形成珍珠项链状结构, 导致其脆性大且回弹性差。通过以纳米纤维为结构单元制备SiO₂纤维气凝胶, 能够有效克服传统颗粒气凝胶的脆性, 提升压缩回弹性, 但其压缩回弹机理尚不明确。本研究通过静电纺丝技术制备柔性SiO₂纳米纤维, 分析了煅烧温度对纤维相结构及柔性的影响, 揭示了纤维的柔性机理。在此基础上, 采用冷冻干燥法以柔性纤维为结构单元制备了SiO₂纤维气凝胶, 探究了固含量对孔结构、强度和回弹性能的影响规律, 基于有效纤维长度的屈曲变形理论揭示了压缩回弹机理。结果表明, 煅烧温度影响SiO₂纳米纤维的非晶结构和柔性, 随着煅烧温度升高, SiO₂的短程有序度增加, 导致纤维柔性变差。SiO₂纤维气凝胶的压缩回弹性与固含量密切相关。0.5%(质量分数)固含量的气凝胶表现出较好的压缩回弹性, 能量损失系数为0.6, 压缩回弹率为55.2%。气凝胶的压缩回弹性取决于有效纤维长度和纤维最小曲率半径, 基于纤维屈曲变形理论和实验结果建立并验证了三者之间的压缩回弹模型。纤维柔性越好, 屈曲变形时的曲率半径越小, 并且有效纤维长度越长, 气凝胶的压缩回弹率越高。本研究为高回弹性SiO₂纤维气凝胶的设计与制备提供了理论指导。

关键词: 纳米纤维, 柔性, 气凝胶, 回弹机理

Abstract:

SiO₂ aerogels possess low density, ultralow thermal conductivity and excellent chemical stability, endowing them suitable for wide application in the fields of aviation/aerospace, building energy conservation, and energy chemical industry. Traditional SiO₂ nanoparticle aerogels have large brittleness and poor resilience due to their pearl necklace-like particle structure. Using nanofibers as construction units to fabricate SiO₂ nanofiber aerogels can overcome these shortcomings to some extent. However, the resilience mechanism of SiO₂ nanofiber aerogels is still unclear, which limits further improvement in their mechanical properties. Here, flexible SiO₂ nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning to investigate the effect of calcination temperature on phase microstructure to elucidate flexibility mechanism. Subsequently, SiO₂ nanofiber aerogels were fabricated by freeze drying. The influence of solid content on the pore structure, strength and resilience of aerogels was studied. A buckling deformation model based on effective nanofiber length was established to explain the compressive resilience mechanism. The findings show that calcination temperature affects the amorphous structure and flexibility of SiO₂ nanofibers. Degree of short-range order in SiO₂ increases with the increase in calcination temperature, leading to poor flexibility of nanofibers, while resilience of SiO₂ nanofiber aerogels is related to solid content. The energy loss coefficient and resilient rate of the aerogels fabricated with 0.5% (in mass) solid content are 0.6 and 55.2%, respectively. Further data shows that the resilience of SiO₂nanofiber aerogels is dominated by effective nanofiber length and the curvature radius of nanofibers. Based on the above results, a relationship of resilience model is established and proved through nanofiber buckling theory. With a reduction in curvature radius, achievable through enhancement of nanofiber flexibility and increase in effective nanofiber length, the compressive resilient rate of aerogels increases. The present study provides theoretical guidance for the design of SiO₂nanofiber aerogels with high resilience.

Key words: nanofibre, flexibility, aerogel, resilience mechanism

中图分类号:

TB303

李福平, 褚家宝, 仇海波, 党薇, 李晨曦, 赵康, 汤玉斐. SiO₂纤维气凝胶的压缩回弹机理[J]. 无机材料学报, 2025, 40(9): 981-988.

LI Fuping, CHU Jiabao, QIU Haibo, DANG Wei, LI Chenxi, ZHAO Kang, TANG Yufei. Compressive Resilience Mechanism of SiO₂ Nanofibre Aerogels[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2025, 40(9): 981-988.

图/表 6

图1 (a)前驱体纤维膜的TG曲线; (b, c)不同温度煅烧制备的SiO2纳米纤维膜的XRD图谱(b)、FT-IR光谱图(c); (d~f) 700 ℃煅烧制备的SiO2纳米纤维膜的SEM照片(d)、TEM照片(e)、HRTEM照片及其SAED图案(f)

Fig. 1 (a) TG curve of precursor membrane; (b, c) XRD patterns (b) and FT-IR spectra (c) of SiO2 nanofiber membrane; (d-f) SEM image (d), TEM image (e), HRTEM image and corresponding SEAD pattern (f) of SiO2 nanofiber membrane sintered at 700 ℃

图2 (a, b) SiO2纤维膜的柔性; (c, d)不同结构SiO2纳米纤维屈曲变形示意图

Fig. 2 (a, b) Flexibility of SiO2 nanofiber membrane; (c, d) Schematic diagrams for buckling deformation of SiO2 nanofiber with different structures Colorful figures are available on website

图3 (a) SiO2纤维气凝胶的制备工艺流程; (b~e) 700 ℃煅烧制备的1.5%固含量SiO2纤维气凝胶的照片(b)和微观结构(c~e)

Fig. 3 (a) Fabrication process of SiO2 nanofiber aerogels; (b-e) Digital photo (b) and microstructures (c-e) of SiO2 nanofiber aerogels fabricated with 1.5% solid content and sintered at 700 ℃

图4 700 ℃煅烧制备的SiO2纤维气凝胶的(a)体积收缩率、(b)密度与孔隙率

Fig. 4 (a) Volume shrinkage, (b) density and porosity of SiO2 nanofiber aerogels sintered at 700 ℃

图5 SiO2纤维气凝胶的压缩力学性能

Fig. 5 Compressive mechanical properties of SiO2 nanofiber aerogels (a-c) Stress-strain curves of SiO2 nanofiber aerogels fabricated with solid contents of (a) 0.5%, (b) 1.5% and (c) 2.5%; (d) Effect of solid content on the compressive strength and energy loss coefficients (ΔU/U); (e) Resilience of SiO2 nanofiber aerogels under liquid nitrogen, room temperature and butane blowtorch flame. Colorful figures are available on website

图6 SiO2纤维气凝胶的压缩回弹机理

Fig. 6 Compressive resilience mechanism of SiO2 fiber aerogels (a) Pore wall of SiO2 nanofiber aerogels; (b) Minimum curve radius of single SiO2 nanofiber during buckling; (c) Buckling deformation of nanofiber; (d) Effective nanofiber length of SiO2 nanofiber aerogels fabricated with different solid contents; (e) Comparison of experimental and calculated values of resilience for SiO2 nanofiber aerogels

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SiO₂纤维气凝胶的压缩回弹机理

Compressive Resilience Mechanism of SiO₂ Nanofibre Aerogels

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