连续SiC纤维和SiCf/SiC复合材料的研究进展

doi:10.15541/jim20160119

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

连续SiC纤维最主要的制备方法是先驱体转化法, 目前已发展到第三代, 它主要作为SiC基复合材料(SiC_f/SiC)的增强体。SiC_f/SiC具有优异的耐高温、抗氧化和高温抗蠕变性, 及其在中子辐照条件下的低放射性, 成为高温、辐射等苛刻条件下结构部件的优先候选材料。本文首先对国内外SiC纤维的发展, 尤其是对第三代SiC纤维的不同制备思路和特征进行了介绍。然后, 对SiC_f/SiC制备工艺和性能的进展进行了综述, 突出了制备工艺创新与SiC纤维发展的关系。最后, 对近几年SiC_f/SiC在高性能航空发动机、聚变反应堆领域的应用进展进行了总结, 并对国内连续SiC纤维和SiC_f/SiC复合材料的发展进行了展望。

关键词: SiC纤维, SiCf/SiC, 先驱体转化法, 综述

Abstract:

Polymer-derived method is the main preparation method for continuous SiC fiber. So far, three generations of SiC-based fibers have been developed. SiC fiber is mainly used as reinforcement for SiC matrix to prepare SiC_f/SiC composite, which exhibits excellent properties such as high-temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, high-temperature creep resistance, and neutron radiation stability. Therefore, it is considered as a promising preferred alternative material for structural components which works under harsh environments. In this review, the domestic and oversea development of the polymer-derived SiC fibers are introduced, in particular the different approaches for preparation and the characteristics of the 3^rd generation fibers. Then, the development of SiC_f/SiC preparation technology and properties are reviewed and the relationship between the innovation in fabrication of SiC_f/SiC composite and the development of SiC fiber is hightlighted. Finally, the application progress of SiC_f/SiC composite in high performance aero-engines and fusion power cores is summerized. Meanwhile, some perspectives on the development of domestic SiC fibers and SiC_f/SiC are also discussed.

Key words: SiC fibers, SiCf/SiC, polymer-derived ceramics, review

中图分类号:

TQ343

袁钦, 宋永才. 连续SiC纤维和SiC_f/SiC复合材料的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2016, 31(11): 1157-1165.

YUAN Qin, SONG Yong-Cai. Research and Development of Continuous SiC Fibers and SiC_f/SiC Composities[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2016, 31(11): 1157-1165.

图/表 4

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Generation	First		Second		Third
Trade mark	Nicalon	Tyranno LOX-M	Hi-Nicalon	UF	Hi-Nicalon S		Tyranno SA3	Sylramic		UF-HM
Cross-linking method	Oxygen	Oxygen	Electron irradiation	non	Electron irradiation		Oxygen	Oxygen		non
Production Temperature/℃	1200	1200	1300	1400	>1500		>1700	>1700		>1700
Element Compostion/wt%	56Si+ 32C+ 12O	54Si+ 32C+ 12O+2Ti	63Si+ 37C+ 0.5O	60Si+ 39C+ 1O	69Si+ 31C+ 0.2O		68Si+ 32C+ 0.6Al	67Si+29C+ 0.8O+ 3.2B+0.4N +2.1Ti		67Si+ 31C+ 2B
Crystal state	Amorphous		Microcrystalline		Polycrystalline
Crystalline size/nm	2-3	2-3	5-10	≤5	20	>60		40~60	>50
Fiber diameter/μm	14	11	12	10-15	12	7.5		10	10-15
Density/(g·cm^-3)	2.55	2.48	2.74	2.70	3.05	3.10		3.05	3.10
Tensile strength at RT/GPa	3.0	3.3	2.8	2.8-3.5	2.6	2.9		3.0	2.1-3.5
Young’s modulus at RT/GPa	200	185	270	N/A	400	375		400	N/A
Thermal conductivity /(W·mK)	3	1.5	8	N/A	18	65		40	N/A
Cost (US$/kg)	2000	1250	8000	N/A	13000	5000		10000	N/A

Generation	First		Second		Third
Trade mark	Nicalon	Tyranno LOX-M	Hi-Nicalon	UF	Hi-Nicalon S		Tyranno SA3	Sylramic		UF-HM
Cross-linking method	Oxygen	Oxygen	Electron irradiation	non	Electron irradiation		Oxygen	Oxygen		non
Production Temperature/℃	1200	1200	1300	1400	>1500		>1700	>1700		>1700
Element Compostion/wt%	56Si+ 32C+ 12O	54Si+ 32C+ 12O+2Ti	63Si+ 37C+ 0.5O	60Si+ 39C+ 1O	69Si+ 31C+ 0.2O		68Si+ 32C+ 0.6Al	67Si+29C+ 0.8O+ 3.2B+0.4N +2.1Ti		67Si+ 31C+ 2B
Crystal state	Amorphous		Microcrystalline		Polycrystalline
Crystalline size/nm	2-3	2-3	5-10	≤5	20	>60		40~60	>50
Fiber diameter/μm	14	11	12	10-15	12	7.5		10	10-15
Density/(g·cm^-3)	2.55	2.48	2.74	2.70	3.05	3.10		3.05	3.10
Tensile strength at RT/GPa	3.0	3.3	2.8	2.8-3.5	2.6	2.9		3.0	2.1-3.5
Young’s modulus at RT/GPa	200	185	270	N/A	400	375		400	N/A
Thermal conductivity /(W·mK)	3	1.5	8	N/A	18	65		40	N/A
Cost (US$/kg)	2000	1250	8000	N/A	13000	5000		10000	N/A