MXene/磁性碳纳米管复合气凝胶的构筑及其电磁波吸收性能

doi:10.15541/jim20260155

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着电子信息技术和无线通信的快速发展, 轻质、高效且稳定的电磁波吸收材料受到广泛关注。然而, 现有吸波材料仍存在阻抗匹配与损耗能力难以协同、结构稳定性不足及多功能集成受限等问题。本研究以鱼鳞明胶(FSG)为三维骨架, 引入Ti₃C₂T_x MXene纳米片和磁性碳纳米管(Ni@CNT), 通过静电组装结合-定向冷冻干燥方法构筑了一种多维复合气凝胶。该气凝胶呈现轻质层状多孔结构, Ti₃C₂T_x MXene与Ni@CNT在骨架中均匀分布, 构建出由0D、1D及2D电磁组分协同作用的多维导电与极化结构。通过调控MXene含量, 导电网络逐渐完善, 材料在阻抗匹配与电磁损耗之间达到更优平衡, 吸波性能随之提升。优化后的复合气凝胶在1.6 mm厚度下实现-43.69 dB的最小反射损耗, 有效吸收带宽达到7.6 GHz。机理分析表明, 其优异吸波性能主要归因于导电损耗、界面极化与磁损耗的协同作用, 同时阻抗匹配得到优化; 层级多孔结构促进电磁波的多重反射与散射, 进一步增强能量耗散能力。此外, 该气凝胶表现出优异的力学回弹性能和良好的隔热性能, 多次压缩循环后其仍能保持稳定的电磁性能, 有效延缓了所覆盖区域的热量传递。本研究为基于多维导电网络构筑轻质、宽频且力学稳定的电磁波吸收材料提供了有效策略。

关键词: MXene, 磁性碳纳米管, 气凝胶, 多维导电网络, 电磁波吸收性能

Abstract: With the rapid development of electronic information technology and wireless communications, lightweight, efficient, and stable electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials have attracted significant attention. However, existing EM wave absorbers still face challenges such as the difficulty in simultaneously optimizing impedance matching and loss capabilities, insufficient structural stability, and limited multifunctional integration. Herein, a multidimensional hybrid aerogel composed of fish-scale gelatin (FSG), Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets, and magnetic carbon nanotubes (Ni@CNT) was constructed via electrostatic assembly and directional freeze-drying method. The prepared aerogel exhibits a lightweight, layered porous architecture, with MXene and Ni@CNT uniformly dispersed within its framework, thereby constructing a multidimensional conductive and polarizable structure through the synergistic interaction of 0D, 1D, and 2D electromagnetic components. By adjusting the MXene content, the conductive network is gradually refined, achieving an optimal balance between impedance matching and electromagnetic loss, thereby enhancing the wave absorption performance. As a result, the optimized sample achieves a minimum reflection loss of -43.69 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 7.6 GHz at a thickness of 01.6 mm. Mechanism analysis reveals that the enhanced absorption originates from the synergistic effects of conductive loss, interfacial polarization, and magnetic loss, together with improved impedance matching. Meanwhile, the hierarchical porous structure promotes multiple reflection and scattering, further enhancing electromagnetic energy dissipation. In addition, the aerogel exhibits excellent mechanical resilience and thermal insulation, which maintains stable electromagnetic performance even after multiple compression cycles and effectively retards heat transfer within the covered area. This work provides an effective strategy for designing lightweight, broadband, and mechanically robust electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials based on multidimensional conductive networks.

Key words: MXene, magnetic carbon nanotube, aerogel, multidimensional conductive network, electromagnetic wave absorption performance

中图分类号:

TB333

李骏, 刘若琳, 钟静怡, 杨洋, 陆伟. MXene/磁性碳纳米管复合气凝胶的构筑及其电磁波吸收性能[J]. 无机材料学报, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260155.

LI Jun, LIU Ruolin, ZHONG Jingyi, YANG Yang, LU Wei. Fabrication and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance of MXene/Magnetic Carbon Nanotube Composite Aerogels[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, DOI: 10.15541/jim20260155.

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