SiC/SiC复合材料层板低速冲击及其剩余强度试验研究

doi:10.15541/jim20230302

无机材料学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 51-60.DOI: 10.15541/jim20230302

SiC/SiC复合材料层板低速冲击及其剩余强度试验研究

吴军¹^,²(), 徐培飞¹^,², 荆瑞¹^,², 张大海¹^,²(), 费庆国¹^,²

1.东南大学机械工程学院, 南京 211189
2.高速飞行器结构与热防护教育部重点实验室, 南京 211189

收稿日期:2023-06-29 修回日期:2023-08-30 出版日期:2024-01-20 网络出版日期:2023-09-12
通讯作者: 张大海, 副教授. E-mail: dzhang@seu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴军(1999-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: 220200292@seu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家杰出青年科学基金(52125209);国家自然科学青年基金(52005100);江苏省科技厅重点研发产业前瞻项目(BE2022158);江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程(TJ-2022-043);东南大学“至善青年学者”支持计划(2242021R41169)

Experimental Study on Low-velocity Impact and Residual Strength of SiC/SiC Composite Laminates

WU Jun¹^,²(), XU Peifei¹^,², JING Rui¹^,², ZHANG Dahai¹^,²(), FEI Qingguo¹^,²

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
2. Key Laboratory of Structure and Thermal Protection for High-Speed Aircraft, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211189, China

Received:2023-06-29 Revised:2023-08-30 Published:2024-01-20 Online:2023-09-12
Contact: ZHANG Dahai, associate professor. E-mail: dzhang@seu.edu.cn
About author:WU Jun (1999-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: 220200292@seu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(52125209);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52005100);Key R&D Plan of Jiangsu Province(BE2022158);Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology Young Talents Lifting Project(TJ-2022-043);Zhishan Youth Scholar Program of SEU(2242021R41169)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高速飞行器中的陶瓷基复合材料结构在服役过程中不可避免地会遇到低速冲击问题, 低速冲击后的损伤形式以及剩余承载能力是影响飞行器结构安全的关键问题。本研究以二维编织SiC/SiC复合材料板件为研究对象, 在不同能量下开展了低速冲击试验, 分析了低速冲击载荷下试验件的表面损伤状态, 通过计算机断层扫描技术观察了试验件内部的损伤形貌, 结合冲击过程中的冲击响应曲线以及应变历史曲线, 分析了SiC/SiC复合材料低速冲击过程的损伤机理。针对含勉强目视可见损伤的试验件开展了冲击后剩余强度试验, 研究了勉强目视可见损伤对SiC/SiC复合材料剩余承载性能的影响。结果表明, 在低速冲击载荷的作用下, 试验件的表面损伤主要包括无表面损伤、勉强目视可见损伤、半穿透损伤以及穿透损伤, 试验件的内部损伤主要有锥形体裂纹、纱线断裂以及分层损伤。低速冲击损伤会严重影响SiC/SiC复合材料的剩余性能, 虽然试验件损伤勉强目视可见，但其剩余压缩强度为无损件81%, 剩余拉伸强度仅为无损件的68%。

关键词: SiC/SiC, 陶瓷基复合材料, 低速冲击, 损伤特性, 剩余强度

Abstract:

Low-velocity impact is an inevitable problem in the service of ceramic matrix composites structures in high speed aircraft. Therefore, the damage type and residual bearing capacity after low-velocity impact are critical factors for ensuring the safety of the aircraft structures. In this study, two-dimensional braided SiC/SiC composite laminates were taken as the research objects, and low-speed impact tests under different energies were carried out. The damage morphology of SiC/SiC composites was observed by computed tomography, and the damage mechanism of SiC/SiC composites during the impact process was revealed by analyzing the load history curve and strain history curve. Post-impact residual strength tests were carried out on specimens with barely visible damage and the effect of barely visible damage on the residual strength of SiC/SiC composites was investigated. The results showed that under low-velocity impact load, surface damage of specimens mainly included no surface damage, barely visible damage, semi-penetrating damage and penetrating damage. Internal damage of specimens mainly included cone cracks, yarn breakage and delamination. The residual properties of SiC/SiC composites were found to be severely affected by low velocity impact damage. The residual compressive strength of the specimen with barely visible damage was 81% of that of the undamaged specimens, and the residual tensile strength was only 68% of that of the undamaged specimens.

Key words: SiC/SiC, ceramic matrix composites, low-velocity impact, damage characteristics, residual strength

中图分类号:

TB332

吴军, 徐培飞, 荆瑞, 张大海, 费庆国. SiC/SiC复合材料层板低速冲击及其剩余强度试验研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2024, 39(1): 51-60.

WU Jun, XU Peifei, JING Rui, ZHANG Dahai, FEI Qingguo. Experimental Study on Low-velocity Impact and Residual Strength of SiC/SiC Composite Laminates[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2024, 39(1): 51-60.

图/表 16

图1 SiC/SiC试验件冲击位置和应变片位置(a)及试验件实物图(b)

Fig. 1 Impact position and strain gauge position (a), and picture of the specimen of SiC/SiC laminate (b)

图2 冲击试验装置及夹具工装

Fig. 2 Impact test machine and specimen fixture

图3 冲击后压缩试验件尺寸(a)及拉伸试验加强片尺寸(b)

Fig. 3 Size of CAI specimens (a) and TAI reinforcement piece (b)

图4 冲击后压缩试验系统(a)和冲击后拉伸试验系统(b)的照片

Fig. 4 Pictures of post-impact compression test system (a) and post-impact tensile test system (b)

表1 冲击试验件安排以及冲击后剩余强度试验规划

Table 1 Impact test arrangement and residual strength test after impact

Impact energy/J	Number of specimen	Residual strength
0	3	TAI
0	3	CAI
3	5	TAI
3	5	CAI
1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20	2	TAI
1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20	2	CAI

图5 冲击试验后试验件正面(a~e)和背面(f~j)表面损伤形貌

Fig. 5 Front (a-e) and back (f-j) damage morphologies of the specimens after being impacted with different energies (a, f) 1 J; (b, g) 3 J; (c, h) 5 J; (d, i) 10 J; (e, j) 20 J

图6 冲击能量为3(A)和5 J(B)时试验件沿厚度方向的CT图像

Fig. 6 CT images of the specimens with impact energy of 3 (A) and 5 J (B) along the thickness direction

图7 冲击能量为3(A)和5 J(B)时试验件沿宽度方向的CT图像

Fig. 7 CT images of the specimens with impact energy of 3(A) and 5 J(B) along the width direction

图8 试验件沿宽度方向CT扫描图像位置示意图

Fig. 8 Position diagram of CT images of the specimen along width direction

图9 SiC/SiC试验件在不同冲击能量下的冲击响应

Fig. 9 Impact responses of SiC/SiC specimen under different impact energy

图10 试验件冲击过程中的应变-时间曲线

Fig. 10 Strain-time curves of specimen during the impact process (a) 1 J; (b) 3 J; (c) 4 J; (d) 10 J. Colorful figures are available on website

图11 SiC/SiC试验件冲击损伤行为

Fig. 11 Impact damage behaviors of SiC/SiC laminates

图12 3 J冲击能量下试验件压缩断裂瞬间

Fig. 12 Moment of compression fracture of specimen under 3 J impact energy

表2 无损和BVID试验件的CAI强度

Table 2 CAI strength of undamaged and BVID specimens

Specimen	Impact energy/J	F_max/kN	CAI strength/MPa
C-0J-1	0	42.18	210.9
C-0J-2	0	37.38	186.9
C-0J-3	0	40.66	203.3
C-3J-1	3	35.13	175.7
C-3J-2	3	34.88	174.4
C-3J-3	3	32.28	166.6
C-3J-4	3	28.34	141.7
C-3J-5	3	31.22	156.1

图13 不同冲击能量下试验件拉伸破坏形貌

Fig. 13 Tensile failure morphologies of specimens under different impact energies

表3 无损和BVID试验件的TAI强度

Table 3 TAI strength of undamaged and BVID specimens

Specimen	Impact energy/J	F_max/kN	TAI strength/MPa
T-0J-1	0	58.77	146.9
T-0J-2	0	65.94	164.5
T-0J-3	0	71.79	179.5
T-3J-1	3	43.62	109.1
T-3J-2	3	45.16	112.9
T-3J-3	3	43.72	109.3
T-3J-4	3	45.48	113.7
T-3J-5	3	45.01	112.5

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SiC/SiC复合材料层板低速冲击及其剩余强度试验研究

Experimental Study on Low-velocity Impact and Residual Strength of SiC/SiC Composite Laminates

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