超高温复相陶瓷基复合材料烧蚀行为研究

doi:10.15541/jim20210182

无机材料学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 86-92.DOI: 10.15541/jim20210182

所属专题：【结构材料】超高温结构陶瓷；【结构材料】陶瓷基复合材料； 2022年度中国知网高下载论文

超高温复相陶瓷基复合材料烧蚀行为研究

琚印超¹^,²(), 刘小勇², 王琴², 张伟刚³, 魏玺²()

1.北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院, 北京 100191
2.中国航天科工集团公司北京动力机械研究所, 高超声速冲压发动机技术重点实验室, 北京100074
3.中国科学院过程工程研究所, 多相复杂系统国家重点实验室, 北京100190

收稿日期:2021-03-23 修回日期:2021-05-21 出版日期:2022-01-20 网络出版日期:2021-06-01
通讯作者: 魏玺, 高级工程师. E-mail: weixi31s@163.com
作者简介:琚印超(1985-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: by1704142@buaa.edu.cn

Ablation Behavior of Ultra-high Temperature Composite Ceramic Matrix Composites

JU Yinchao¹^,²(), LIU Xiaoyong², WANG Qin², ZHANG Weigang³, WEI Xi²()

1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2. Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory, Beijing Power Machinery Research Institute, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited, Beijing 100074, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2021-03-23 Revised:2021-05-21 Published:2022-01-20 Online:2021-06-01
Contact: WEI Xi, senior engineer. E-mail: weixi31s@163.com
About author:JU Yinchao (1985-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: by1704142@buaa.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用前驱体浸渍热解(PIP)工艺制备了ZrC-SiC、ZrB₂-ZrC-SiC和HfB₂-HfC-SiC复相陶瓷基复合材料, 复合材料中的超高温陶瓷相均呈现出亚微米/纳米均匀弥散分布的特征, 对比研究了上述材料在大气等离子和高温电弧风洞考核环境中的超高温烧蚀行为。研究结果表明, 超高温复相陶瓷基复合材料相比传统的未改性SiC基复合材料, 烧蚀后复合材料表面原位生成了固液两相致密氧化膜, 两相协同作用实现了抗冲蚀和抗氧化的效果, 对液相SiO₂的流失起到了阻碍作用, 提升了材料的超高温烧蚀性能。在此基础上, 提出了设计超高温复相陶瓷基复合材料应考虑的因素。上述研究结果对陶瓷基复合材料在超高温有限寿命领域的应用具有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 超高温, 复相陶瓷基复合材料, 烧蚀行为, 基体设计, SiC

Abstract:

Ultra-high temperature composite ceramic matrix composites ZrC-SiC, ZrB₂-ZrC-SiC and HfB₂-HfC-SiC were fabricated by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis method. The ultra-high temperature ceramic phases in the materials were characterized by submicron/ nanometer uniform dispersion distribution. Ablation behaviors of ZrC-SiC, ZrB₂-ZrC-SiC and HfB₂-HfC-SiC matrix composites under atmospheric plasma and on-ground arc-jet wind tunnel were investigated comparatively. The main factors that affect design for ultra-high temperature composite ceramic matrix composites were summarized. The result shows that, compared with traditional SiC-based composites, ultra-high temperature composite ceramic matrix composites have a solid-liquid two-phase dense oxide film formed in situ on the surface of the composites after ablation. Synergistic effect of the two phases has achieved effects of erosion resistance and oxidation resistance, which plays a very important role in hindering the loss of liquid SiO₂ and greatly improves the ultra-high temperature ablation performance of the materials. On this basis, the important factors that should be considered in the matrix design of ultra-high temperature composite ceramic matrix composites are obtained. The above results have instructional significance for the ultra-high temperature and the limited life application of ceramic matrix composites.

Key words: ultra-high temperature, composite ceramics, matrix composites, ablation behavior, SiC

中图分类号:

V435

琚印超, 刘小勇, 王琴, 张伟刚, 魏玺. 超高温复相陶瓷基复合材料烧蚀行为研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(1): 86-92.

JU Yinchao, LIU Xiaoyong, WANG Qin, ZHANG Weigang, WEI Xi. Ablation Behavior of Ultra-high Temperature Composite Ceramic Matrix Composites[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(1): 86-92.

图/表 8

图1 ZrC-SiC复相陶瓷基复合材料的XRD图谱(a)和SEM照片(b, c)

Fig. 1 XRD pattern (a) and SEM images (b, c) of ZrC-SiC matrix composites

图2 ZrB2-ZrC-SiC复相陶瓷基复合材料的XRD图谱(a)和SEM照片(b,c)

Fig. 2 XRD pattern (a) and SEM images (b,c) of ZrB2-ZrC-SiC matrix composites

图3 HfB2-HfC-SiC复相陶瓷基复合材料的XRD图谱(a)和SEM照片(b, c)

Fig. 3 XRD pattern (a) and SEM images (b, c) of HfB2-HfC-SiC matrix composites

图4 ZrC-SiC(a,b)和ZrB2-ZrC-SiC(c,d)复相陶瓷基复合材料经大气等离子烧蚀(2450 K)后的表面SEM照片

Fig. 4 SEM images of ablation centers of ZrC-SiC (a, b) and ZrB2-ZrC-SiC (c,d) matrix composites (ablated at 2450 K)

图5 ZrC-SiC复相陶瓷基复合材料经电弧风洞烧蚀(2200 K)后表面氧化膜的SEM照片

Fig. 5 SEM image of ablation center of ZrC-SiC matrix composites (ablated at 2200 K)

图6 ZrB2-ZrC-SiC复相陶瓷基复合材料经电弧风洞烧蚀(2300 K)后表面氧化膜的SEM照片

Fig. 6 SEM images of ablation center of ZrB2-ZrC-SiC matrix composites (ablated at 2300 K)

图7 HfB2-HfC-SiC复相陶瓷基复合材料经电弧风洞烧蚀(2300 K)后表面氧化膜的SEM照片

Fig. 7 SEM images of ablation center of HfB2-HfC-SiC matrix composites (ablated at 2300 K)

表1 气孔率对不同材料烧蚀性能的影响

Table 1 Effect of porosity on ablation performance of different composites

Number	Sample	Density /(g·cm^-3)	Porsity /%	Experimental equipment	Ablation temperature/K	Linear ablation rate/(μm·s^-1)
1	C/SiC	2.1	3.8	atmospheric plasma torch	2450 K	15.97
2	ZrC-SiC matrix composites	2.2	16.3	atmospheric plasma torch	2450 K	0.59
3	ZrB₂-ZrC-SiC matrix composites	2.1	15.4	atmospheric plasma torch	2450 K	1.32
4	ZrC-SiC matrix composites	2.2	16.3	art-jet wind tunnel testing	2200 K	9.8
5	ZrB₂-ZrC-SiC matrix composites	2.1	15.4	art-jet wind tunnel testing	2200 K	0.33
6	ZrB₂-ZrC-SiC matrix composites	2.1	15.4	art-jet wind tunnel testing	2300 K	5.3
7	HfB₂-HfC-SiC matrix composites	2.5	15.6	art-jet wind tunnel testing	2300 K	0.17

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超高温复相陶瓷基复合材料烧蚀行为研究

Ablation Behavior of Ultra-high Temperature Composite Ceramic Matrix Composites

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