无机材料学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 255-266.DOI: 10.15541/jim20210608 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20210608
所属专题: 【制备方法】3D打印(202409); 【结构材料】超高温结构陶瓷(202409)
刘海方1,2(), 苏海军1,2(
), 申仲琳1, 姜浩1, 赵迪1, 刘园1, 张军1, 刘林1, 傅恒志1
收稿日期:
2021-10-02
修回日期:
2021-11-05
出版日期:
2022-03-20
网络出版日期:
2021-12-24
通讯作者:
苏海军, 教授. E-mail: shjnpu@nwpu.edu.cn
作者简介:
刘海方(1987-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: liuhaifang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
基金资助:
LIU Haifang1,2(), SU Haijun1,2(
), SHEN Zhonglin1, JIANG Hao1, ZHAO Di1, LIU Yuan1, ZHANG Jun1, LIU Lin1, FU Hengzhi1
Received:
2021-10-02
Revised:
2021-11-05
Published:
2022-03-20
Online:
2021-12-24
Contact:
SU Haijun, professor. E-mail: shjnpu@nwpu.edu.cn
About author:
LIU Haifang (1987-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: liuhaifang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
超高温氧化物共晶陶瓷具有优异的高温强度、高温蠕变性能、高温结构稳定性以及良好的高温抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能, 成为1400 ℃以上高温氧化环境下长期服役的新型候选超高温结构材料之一, 在新一代航空航天高端装备热结构部件中具有重要的应用前景。基于熔体生长技术, 以选择性激光熔化和激光定性能量沉积为代表的激光增材制造技术具有一步快速近净成形大尺寸、复杂形状构件的独特优势, 近年来已发展成为制备高性能氧化物共晶陶瓷最具潜力的前沿技术。本文从工作原理、成形特点、技术分类等方面概述了基于熔体生长的两种典型激光增材制造技术, 综述了激光增材制造技术在超高温氧化物共晶陶瓷制备领域的研究现状和特点优势, 重点介绍了选择性激光熔化和激光定向能量沉积超高温氧化物共晶陶瓷在激光成形工艺、凝固缺陷控制、凝固组织演化、力学性能等方面的研究进展。最后, 指出了实现氧化物共晶陶瓷激光增材制造工程化应用亟需突破的关键瓶颈, 并对该领域未来的重点发展方向进行了展望。
中图分类号:
刘海方, 苏海军, 申仲琳, 姜浩, 赵迪, 刘园, 张军, 刘林, 傅恒志. 激光增材制造超高温氧化物共晶陶瓷研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报, 2022, 37(3): 255-266.
LIU Haifang, SU Haijun, SHEN Zhonglin, JIANG Hao, ZHAO Di, LIU Yuan, ZHANG Jun, LIU Lin, FU Hengzhi. Research Progress on Ultrahigh Temperature Oxide Eutectic Ceramics by Laser Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2022, 37(3): 255-266.
Technology | Scanning control | Molten pool size/mm | Energy density /(W·cm-2) | Building rate /(cm3·min-1) | Manufacturing precision | Preferred applications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLM | Scanner | <0.2 | 106-107 | ~1.3 | High | Net-shaping small- and medium-sized components |
LDED | Laser nozzle | >3 | ~105 | 11.5 | Low | Preparing large-scale components |
表1 SLM与LDED技术特点对比[28]
Table 1 Comparison of the SLM and LDED technologies[28]
Technology | Scanning control | Molten pool size/mm | Energy density /(W·cm-2) | Building rate /(cm3·min-1) | Manufacturing precision | Preferred applications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SLM | Scanner | <0.2 | 106-107 | ~1.3 | High | Net-shaping small- and medium-sized components |
LDED | Laser nozzle | >3 | ~105 | 11.5 | Low | Preparing large-scale components |
图3 球形陶瓷粉末制备工艺及其特性[68]
Fig. 3 Preparation technology and characteristics of spherical ceramic powders[68] (a) Schematic diagram of centrifugal spray drying method; (b) Morphology of the initial ceramic powders; (c) Morphology of the modified ceramic powders; (d) Particle size distribution of the modified ceramic powders; (e) Powder feeding test
图5 超声振动对气孔的影响[43]
Fig. 5 Effect of assisted ultrasonic on porosity[43] (a) Sample sections before ultrasonic addition; (b) Sample sections after ultrasonic addition
图6 不同成形环境下制备的Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2共晶陶瓷试样
Fig. 6 Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2 eutectic ceramics prepared at different environments (a) Atmospheric atmosphere; (b) Ar atmosphere with oxygen content >200 μg/L; (c) Ar atmosphere with oxygen content <50 μg/L
图7 采用激光增材制造技术制备的氧化物共晶陶瓷试样
Fig. 7 Oxide eutectic ceramics prepared by laser additive manufacturing (a) SLM-processed Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic ceramic with shape of framework for a dental restoration[30]; (b) LDED-processed Al2O3/ZrO2 eutectic ceramics with various shapes[43]; (c) LDED-processed Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2 eutectic ceramic rod[70]
图8 激光增材制造氧化物共晶陶瓷沿堆积方向的微观组织特征[68]
Fig. 8 Microstructure characteristics of the LAM-processed oxide eutectic ceramic along the building direction[68] (a) Periodic banded structure; (b) Magnified image of the banded structure
图9 LDED制备的Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2共晶陶瓷带状区附近的凝固组织特征[68]
Fig. 9 Microstructure characteristics in vicinity of the banded structure of the LDED-processed Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2 eutectic ceramic[68] (a) Banded structure; (b) Microstructure characteristic of the banded structure; (c) Microstructure at the lower boundary of the banded structure; (d) Microstructure at the upper boundary of the banded structure
图10 LDED制备的Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶陶瓷沉积层内的凝固组织特征[47]
Fig. 10 Microstructure characteristics of the LDED-processed Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 eutectic ceramic in a deposited layer[47] (a) Eutectic colony structure; (b) Microstructure inside the colony; (c-e) TKD (Transmission kikuchi diffraction) orientation maps of the phases of Al2O3, YAG and ZrO2, respectively; (f) Pole figures of Al2O3, YAG and ZrO2, corresponding to (c-e), respectively
图11 LDED制备的Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷各相在熔池凝固过程中的生长方向演变[46]
Fig. 11 Orientation variations of eutectic phases of the LDED-processed Al2O3/YAG eutectic ceramic during solidification process[46] (a) EBSD orientation maps of Al2O3 and YAG in bottom zone of the molten pool; (b) Orientation variations of Al2O3 and YAG along the height direction of the molten pool
Eutectic system | Hardness /GPa | Fracture toughness /(MPa·m1/2) | Preparation method |
---|---|---|---|
Al2O3/YAG | 21.50 | 5.86 | LDED[ |
Al2O3/ZrO2 | 16.22 | 7.67 | LDED[ |
Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 | 18.90 | 3.84 | LDED[ |
Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2 | 15.30 | 7.80 | SLM[ |
Al2O3/YAG | 17.50 | 3.60 | DS[ |
Al2O3/ZrO2 | 16.53 | 6.50 | DS[ |
Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 | 16.70 | 8.00 | DS[ |
Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2 | 17.90 | 8.50 | DS[ |
表2 激光增材制造与定向凝固共晶陶瓷性能对比
Table 2 Mechanical property comparison of the oxide eutectic ceramics prepared by laser additive manufacturing and directional solidification (DS)
Eutectic system | Hardness /GPa | Fracture toughness /(MPa·m1/2) | Preparation method |
---|---|---|---|
Al2O3/YAG | 21.50 | 5.86 | LDED[ |
Al2O3/ZrO2 | 16.22 | 7.67 | LDED[ |
Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 | 18.90 | 3.84 | LDED[ |
Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2 | 15.30 | 7.80 | SLM[ |
Al2O3/YAG | 17.50 | 3.60 | DS[ |
Al2O3/ZrO2 | 16.53 | 6.50 | DS[ |
Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 | 16.70 | 8.00 | DS[ |
Al2O3/GAP/ZrO2 | 17.90 | 8.50 | DS[ |
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