无机材料学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 570-578.DOI: 10.15541/jim20200361 CSTR: 32189.14.10.15541/jim20200361
所属专题: 能源材料论文精选(2021); 【虚拟专辑】太阳能电池(2020~2021)
收稿日期:
2020-06-30
修回日期:
2020-08-30
出版日期:
2021-06-20
网络出版日期:
2020-10-10
通讯作者:
李佳艳, 副教授. E-mail: lijiayan@dlut.edu.cn
作者简介:
武晓玮(1991-), 男, 博士研究生. E-mail: wuxiaowei261@163.com
基金资助:
WU Xiaowei1,2(), LI Jiayan1,2()
Received:
2020-06-30
Revised:
2020-08-30
Published:
2021-06-20
Online:
2020-10-10
Contact:
LI Jiayan, associate professor. E-mail: lijiayan@dlut.edu.cn
About author:
WU Xiaowei(1991-), male, PhD candidate. E-mail: wuxiaowei261@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
在多晶硅太阳能电池的生产过程中, 金刚线切割技术(Diamond wire sawn, DWS)具有切割速度快、精度高、原材料损耗少等优点, 受到了广泛关注。金刚线切割多晶硅表面形成的损伤层较浅, 与传统的酸腐蚀制绒技术无法匹配, 金属催化化学腐蚀法应运而生。金属催化化学腐蚀法制绒具有操作简单、结构可控且易形成高深宽比的绒面等优点, 具有广阔的应用前景。本文总结了不同类型的金属催化剂在制绒过程中的腐蚀机理及其形成的绒面结构, 深入分析和讨论了具有代表性的银、铜的单一及复合催化腐蚀过程及绒面结构和电池片性能。最后对金刚线切割多晶硅片表面的金属催化化学腐蚀法存在的问题进行了分析, 并展望了未来的研究方向。
中图分类号:
武晓玮, 李佳艳. 多晶硅表面金属催化化学腐蚀法制绒研究现状[J]. 无机材料学报, 2021, 36(6): 570-578.
WU Xiaowei, LI Jiayan. Texturing Technology on Multicrystalline Silicon Wafer by Metal-catalyzed Chemical Etching: a Review[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2021, 36(6): 570-578.
图5 (a)纳米绒面、(b)微米绒面及(c)纳米-微米复合绒面SEM表面形貌照片[31]
Fig. 5 SEM images of silicon surfaces with (a) nano-texture, (b) micro-texture and (c) nano-micro-texture[31]
图6 (a)DWS多晶硅片表面制备亚微米级(SIM)绒面的过程示意图和(b)三种绒面结构的反射率结果[33]
Fig. 6 (a) Schematic illustration of the main steps to prepare the submicron-in-micron (SIM) texture on the DWS mc-Si wafer and (b) experimental reflectance (curves) and simulated reflectance (scatter points) of three samples[33]
图7 碱、Ag-MCCE和后腐蚀处理获得的不同晶面的硅片表面和截面SEM照片[34]
Fig. 7 Surface and cross-sectional SEM images of mc-Si grains after etching by alkali, Ag-MCCE and post-etching with different orientations[34] (a) (100); (b) (110); (c) (111)
图8 Cu-MCCE制绒后采用后处理工艺(a, b)前和(c, d)后的硅片形貌图以及(e)后处理工艺示意图[41]
Fig. 8 SEM images of Si nanostructures produced by Cu-MCCE method (a,b) before and (c,d) after the post-processing treatment and (e) schematic diagram of post-processing treatment[41]
图9 (a)Ag-MCCE和(b)Cu-MCCE处理后的硅片截面形貌SEM照片, 以及(c)单独的Cu-MCCE、Ag-MCCE和Ag-Cu复合制绒过程的原理图[45]
Fig. 9 Cross-sectional SEM images of Si wafers after (a) Ag-MCCE and (b) Cu-MCCE, and (c) schematics of etching process by single Cu- and Ag-catalyzed chemical etching and Ag/Cu-cocatalyzed chemical etching[45]
Catalyst | Method | Ra | ηb | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ag | Ag-MCCE + HF/HNO3+NaOH | 15.9% | 18.45% | [ |
Ag | Artificial defects (HF/HNO3/AgNO3)+HF/HNO3 | 19% | 19.07% | [ |
Ag | Alkali etching+Ag-MCCE+post etching | 16.85% | 19.4% | [ |
Ag | Ag deposition (additive)+etching | 16.04% | 19.51% | [ |
Ag | Ag deposition+etching (additive) | 18.17% | 19.56% | [ |
Ag | HF/HNO3+Ag-MCCE+RIE | - | 20.69% | [ |
Ag | Ag-MCCE | 23.7% | 20.89% | [ |
Ag | Ag-MCCE+Modification by acid etching | 19.46% | 19.07% | [ |
Ag | HF/HNO3+Ag-MCCE+NSR process | 8.26% | 17.96% | [ |
Ag | HF/HNO3+Ag-MCCE+HF/HNO3 | 18.4% | 18.7% | [ |
Cu | Cu-MCCE+post etching (HF/HNO3/H3PO4) | - | 18.88% | [ |
Cu | Cu-MCCE+HF/HNO3 | 18.21% | 19.06% | [ |
Cu | Cu-MCCE | 22.4% | 19.03% | [ |
Ag-Cu | Cu/Ag-MCCE | 12.08% | 19.49% | [ |
Ag-Cu | Alkali pretreatment (additive)+Cu/Ag-MCCE+post etching | 15.52% | 18.91% | [ |
Ag-Cu | Cu/Ag-MCCE + NSR (H2O2/NaF) | 16.50% | 18.71% | [ |
Ag-Cu | Cu/Ag-MCCE + NSR (H2O2/NaF) | 16.85% | 19.10% | [ |
Ni | Ni-MCCE | - | 16.60% | [ |
Cu-Ni | Cu/Ni-MCCE (Cu(NO3)2+NiSO4+HF+H2O2) | 18.53% | - | [ |
表1 金刚线切割多晶硅片表面不同MCCE方法制绒后的性能对比
Table 1 Performances for texture surfaces of DWS cut multicrystalline silicon prepared via different MCCE methods
Catalyst | Method | Ra | ηb | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ag | Ag-MCCE + HF/HNO3+NaOH | 15.9% | 18.45% | [ |
Ag | Artificial defects (HF/HNO3/AgNO3)+HF/HNO3 | 19% | 19.07% | [ |
Ag | Alkali etching+Ag-MCCE+post etching | 16.85% | 19.4% | [ |
Ag | Ag deposition (additive)+etching | 16.04% | 19.51% | [ |
Ag | Ag deposition+etching (additive) | 18.17% | 19.56% | [ |
Ag | HF/HNO3+Ag-MCCE+RIE | - | 20.69% | [ |
Ag | Ag-MCCE | 23.7% | 20.89% | [ |
Ag | Ag-MCCE+Modification by acid etching | 19.46% | 19.07% | [ |
Ag | HF/HNO3+Ag-MCCE+NSR process | 8.26% | 17.96% | [ |
Ag | HF/HNO3+Ag-MCCE+HF/HNO3 | 18.4% | 18.7% | [ |
Cu | Cu-MCCE+post etching (HF/HNO3/H3PO4) | - | 18.88% | [ |
Cu | Cu-MCCE+HF/HNO3 | 18.21% | 19.06% | [ |
Cu | Cu-MCCE | 22.4% | 19.03% | [ |
Ag-Cu | Cu/Ag-MCCE | 12.08% | 19.49% | [ |
Ag-Cu | Alkali pretreatment (additive)+Cu/Ag-MCCE+post etching | 15.52% | 18.91% | [ |
Ag-Cu | Cu/Ag-MCCE + NSR (H2O2/NaF) | 16.50% | 18.71% | [ |
Ag-Cu | Cu/Ag-MCCE + NSR (H2O2/NaF) | 16.85% | 19.10% | [ |
Ni | Ni-MCCE | - | 16.60% | [ |
Cu-Ni | Cu/Ni-MCCE (Cu(NO3)2+NiSO4+HF+H2O2) | 18.53% | - | [ |
Method | Advantages | Disadvantages | η |
---|---|---|---|
Ag-MCCE | Mature technology, easy to form nanostructure, stable performance | High cost, difficult to recycle waste liquid | 20.89% |
Cu-MCCE | Low cost, easy to remove residual Cu, significantly reduce the impact of saw marks | Easy to form the dense film, decreased etching rate, essential oxidants | 19.06% |
MCCE-additive | Uniform size, stable performance | Organic compounds increasing the cost of waste liquid treatment | 19.56% |
Composite MCCE | Composite structure | Complicated process, and difficult to recycle the waste liquid | 19.49% |
Other metal-MCCE | Low cost, composite structure | Inmature | 16.60% |
表2 金刚线切割多晶硅片表面不同MCCE方法的对比
Table 2 Comparison of making texture surface on DWS cut multicrystalline silicon by different MCCE methods
Method | Advantages | Disadvantages | η |
---|---|---|---|
Ag-MCCE | Mature technology, easy to form nanostructure, stable performance | High cost, difficult to recycle waste liquid | 20.89% |
Cu-MCCE | Low cost, easy to remove residual Cu, significantly reduce the impact of saw marks | Easy to form the dense film, decreased etching rate, essential oxidants | 19.06% |
MCCE-additive | Uniform size, stable performance | Organic compounds increasing the cost of waste liquid treatment | 19.56% |
Composite MCCE | Composite structure | Complicated process, and difficult to recycle the waste liquid | 19.49% |
Other metal-MCCE | Low cost, composite structure | Inmature | 16.60% |
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